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Uttara-khaṇḍa · Chapter 86

Chapter 86

Unit 498 of 693Uttara-khaṇḍa · Chapter 86Uttara-khaṇḍa · Chapter 861 source entries

Uttara-khaṇḍa · Chapter 86

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महादेव उवाच- श्रावणे मासि संप्राप्ते पवित्रारोपणो विधिः । यस्मिन्कृते तु देवेशि दिव्यभक्तिः प्रजायते १। पवित्रारोपणं विष्णोः कर्तव्यं श्रद्धया बुधैः । संपूर्णा जायते तस्य पूजा पार्वति वार्षिकी २। पवित्रारोपणे विष्णोर्जायते सुखमात्मनः । संपूजिते सदा विष्णौ नानासुखमवाप्नुयात् ३। सूत्रं वाससमानीय ब्राह्मण्या कर्तितं तथा । स्वेनैव कर्तितं सूत्रं तेनैव च प्रकारयेत् ४। सच्छूद्र्या कर्तितं सूत्रं तद्ग्राह्यं वा तथैव च । अन्यथा विक्रयेणापि ग्राह्यं चापि यथातथम् ५। क्षौमेनैव प्रकर्तव्यः पवित्रारोपणो विधिः । रूप्येण वा तथा कार्यं पवित्रं विष्णुदैवतम् ६। सौवर्णेनापि देवेशि कर्तव्यं विधिपूर्वकम् । अभावे सर्वधातूनां ग्राह्यं सूत्रं तथा बुधैः ७। कृत्वा तु त्रिवृतं सूत्रं प्रक्षाल्यमुदकेन तु । लिंगे लिंगप्रमाणं च प्रतिमायां यथाविधिः ८। पादौ वै जानुपर्यंतं तथा नाभिसमं स्मृतम् । ज्येष्ठं मध्यं कनिष्ठं च पवित्रं कारयेद्बुधः ९। संवत्सरदिनैस्तद्वत्तदर्द्धार्द्धेन संख्यया । सूत्रेणैव प्रकर्त्तव्यं ग्रंथिनाष्टोत्तरं शतम् १०। तदर्द्धसंख्यकेनापि युक्तं वा तत्र पार्वति । लिंगे वै लिंगसंज्ञं तु गंगानागैश्च संयुतम् ११। प्रतिमायां तथा देवि पवित्रं वनमालकम् । यथाशोभा तथा कार्यं येन विष्णुः प्रसीदति १२। एकं वै सुपवित्रं तु गंधाख्यं कारयेत्सदा । तंतुना यच्च संयुक्तं कर्त्तव्यं वैष्णवैर्नरैः १३। देवानां च तथा प्रोक्तं पवित्रं विष्णुदैवतम् । अंबरीषाद्या भक्ताश्च अन्येऽपि च ध्रुवादयः १४। पवित्राणि ततः पश्चाद्दातव्यानीह पार्वति । प्रतिपद्धनदस्योक्ता पवित्रारोपणे तिथिः १५। लक्ष्म्या देव्या द्वितीया तु तिथीनामुत्तमा तिथिः । तृतीया तु तव प्रोक्ता चतुर्थी गणपस्य च १६। पंचमी चंद्रमसश्चैव षष्ठी वै कार्त्तिकस्य च । सप्तमी च रवेः प्रोक्ता दुर्गायाश्चाष्टमी स्मृता १७। नवमी चैव मातॄणां यमस्य दशमी तथा । एकादशी तु सर्वेषां द्वादशी माधवस्य च १८। त्रयोदशी तु कामस्य शर्वस्योक्ता चतुर्दशी । तद्वत्पंचदशी ख्याता धातुर्वै ह्यर्चने पुनः १९। एता वै तिथयः प्रोक्ताः पवित्रारोपणोचिताः । कनिष्ठे द्वादश प्रोक्ता मध्यमे द्विगुणा स्मृताः २०। त्रिगुणाश्चोत्तमे चैव ग्रंथयश्च पवित्रके । कर्पूरकेसराभ्यां वा चंदनेन हरिद्रया २१। रंजयित्वा तु तत्सर्वं स्थाप्यं नवकरंडके । देवस्य यजनं यत्र स्थाप्यानि देववत्तदा २२। आदौ देवार्चनं कृत्वा वासनं सपवित्रकम् । अधिवासिते पवित्रे तु ततो वै पूजनं स्मृतम् २३। पवित्रेषु च यद्देवास्तेषां निकटमाचरेत् । ब्रह्माविष्णुस्तथा रुद्रस्त्रयो वै सूत्रदेवताः २४। क्रिया च पौरुषी वीरा चतुर्थी चापराजिता । जया च विजया चैव मुक्तिदा च सदाशिवा २५। मनोन्मनी तु नवमी दशमी सर्वतोमुखी । ग्रंथीनां देवताश्चैव सूत्रेषु विनिवेशयेत् २६। आवाहनमुद्रया वै शास्त्रोक्तविधिना ततः । आवाह्य तत्र ताः सम्यक्संनिधीकरणं स्मृतम् २७। संनिधीकरणमुद्रया संनिधीकरणम् । रक्ष्यामुद्रया संरक्ष्य धेनुमुद्रया अमृतीकृत्य । आनीय देवस्याग्रे कलशोदकं गृहीत्वा । आगमोक्तेन मंत्रेण प्रोक्षणं विधाय क्लीं कृष्णाय इति मंत्रेण प्रोक्षणं गंधधूपदीप। नैवेद्यादिकं दत्त्वा तांबूलादिकं दत्त्वा षोडशोपचारादिना पवित्रदेवता। अभ्यर्च्य गंधपवित्रं धूपितं कृत्वा देवाभिमुखः सन् । नमस्कारमुद्रया देवं अभिमंत्रयीत । आमंत्रितो महादेव सार्द्धं देव्या गणादिभिः । मंत्रैर्वा लोकपालैश्च सहितः परिवारकैः २८। आगच्छ भगवन्विष्णो विधिसंपूर्णहेतवे । प्रातस्त्वत्पूजनं कुर्मः सान्निध्यं नियतं कुरु २९। तद्गंधं च पवित्रं च देवस्य राघवस्य च । श्रीविष्णोश्चरणे तत्नि क्षिप्य प्रातः । स्वक्रियां विधाय पुण्याहस्वस्तिवाचन जयजय शब्दैर्घंटादि वादित्र। निर्घोषतूर्यादिशब्दैः पवित्रैः पूजां कुर्यात् । ततः प्रथमं ज्येष्ठं ततो मध्यमं कनिष्ठं च । एभिः सर्वैर्यथाक्रमेण पूजां कुर्यात् । ॐवासुदेवाय विद्महे विष्णुदेवाय धीमहि । तन्नो देवः प्रचोदयात् । इति पवित्रदानं अथवा स्वमंत्रैः । ततो वै महतीं पूजां विष्णोः कुर्यात्प्रसादिनीम् । यया वै कृतया देवि विष्णुरात्मा प्रसीदति ३०। समंताद्दीपमाला च कत्तर्व्या च विधानतः । चतुर्विधं तथा चान्नं नैवेद्यं कारयेद्बुधः ३१। पवित्राणि ततो दद्यात्पूजितानि तु शोभने । भक्त्या चैव विशेषेण श्रीगुरुं पूजयेत्ततः ३२। वस्त्रालंकारविधिना पूजनीयो गुरुर्महान् । पूजयित्वा गुरुं तत्र पवित्रं धारयेत्ततः ३३। अथ ये वैष्णवाः संति तेभ्यस्तांबूलादिकं दत्त्वा पूर्णाहुतिमग्नये दत्त्वा श्रीनिवासाय श्रीकृष्णाय कर्म निवेदयेत् । मंत्रहीनं क्रियाहीनं भक्तिहीनं तु केशव । यत्पूजितो मया सम्यक्संपूर्णं यातु मे ध्रुवम् ३४। तत उद्वास्य इष्टबंधुभिस्तथा वैष्णवैर्विप्रैर्वा सहितः सन्मृष्टमन्नं स्वयं भुंजीत । एतत्पूजनकं दिव्यं ये शृण्वंति द्विजोत्तमाः । सर्वपापविनिर्मुक्ता यांति विष्णोः परं पदम् ३५। यावत्तपति वै चंद्रो यावत्तपति वै रविः । पवित्रारोपकस्तद्वत्तप्यते नात्र संशयः ३६। पृथिव्यां यानि दानानि नियमाश्च तथा पुनः । सर्वे वै पूर्णतां यांति पवित्रारोपणे कृते ३७। उत्सवानां च राजायं पवित्रारोपणो विधिः । ब्रह्महा शुध्यते तत्र नात्र कार्या विचारणा ३८। सत्यं सत्यं पुनः सत्यं यदुक्तं नगनंदिनि । पवित्रारोपणे पुण्यं दर्शने तु तथा स्मृतम् ३९। शूद्रैर्वाथ महाभागे पवित्रारोपणो विधिः । कृतो यैर्भक्तिभावेन ते वै धन्यतमाः स्मृताः ४०। धन्योऽहं कृतकृत्योऽहं सौभाग्यो धरणीतले । मया तु या कृता भक्तिर्वैष्णवी मुक्तिदायिनी ४१। इति श्रीपाद्मे महापुराणे पंचपंचाशत्साहस्र्यां संहितायां उत्तरखंडे उमामहेश्वरसंवादे पवित्रारोपणंनाम षडशीतितमोऽध्यायः ८६।

mahādeva uvāca- śrāvaṇe māsi saṃprāpte pavitrāropaṇo vidhiḥ | yasminkṛte tu deveśi divyabhaktiḥ prajāyate 1| pavitrāropaṇaṃ viṣṇoḥ kartavyaṃ śraddhayā budhaiḥ | saṃpūrṇā jāyate tasya pūjā pārvati vārṣikī 2| pavitrāropaṇe viṣṇorjāyate sukhamātmanaḥ | saṃpūjite sadā viṣṇau nānāsukhamavāpnuyāt 3| sūtraṃ vāsasamānīya brāhmaṇyā kartitaṃ tathā | svenaiva kartitaṃ sūtraṃ tenaiva ca prakārayet 4| sacchūdryā kartitaṃ sūtraṃ tadgrāhyaṃ vā tathaiva ca | anyathā vikrayeṇāpi grāhyaṃ cāpi yathātatham 5| kṣaumenaiva prakartavyaḥ pavitrāropaṇo vidhiḥ | rūpyeṇa vā tathā kāryaṃ pavitraṃ viṣṇudaivatam 6| sauvarṇenāpi deveśi kartavyaṃ vidhipūrvakam | abhāve sarvadhātūnāṃ grāhyaṃ sūtraṃ tathā budhaiḥ 7| kṛtvā tu trivṛtaṃ sūtraṃ prakṣālyamudakena tu | liṃge liṃgapramāṇaṃ ca pratimāyāṃ yathāvidhiḥ 8| pādau vai jānuparyaṃtaṃ tathā nābhisamaṃ smṛtam | jyeṣṭhaṃ madhyaṃ kaniṣṭhaṃ ca pavitraṃ kārayedbudhaḥ 9| saṃvatsaradinaistadvattadarddhārddhena saṃkhyayā | sūtreṇaiva prakarttavyaṃ graṃthināṣṭottaraṃ śatam 10| tadarddhasaṃkhyakenāpi yuktaṃ vā tatra pārvati | liṃge vai liṃgasaṃjñaṃ tu gaṃgānāgaiśca saṃyutam 11| pratimāyāṃ tathā devi pavitraṃ vanamālakam | yathāśobhā tathā kāryaṃ yena viṣṇuḥ prasīdati 12| ekaṃ vai supavitraṃ tu gaṃdhākhyaṃ kārayetsadā | taṃtunā yacca saṃyuktaṃ karttavyaṃ vaiṣṇavairnaraiḥ 13| devānāṃ ca tathā proktaṃ pavitraṃ viṣṇudaivatam | aṃbarīṣādyā bhaktāśca anye'pi ca dhruvādayaḥ 14| pavitrāṇi tataḥ paścāddātavyānīha pārvati | pratipaddhanadasyoktā pavitrāropaṇe tithiḥ 15| lakṣmyā devyā dvitīyā tu tithīnāmuttamā tithiḥ | tṛtīyā tu tava proktā caturthī gaṇapasya ca 16| paṃcamī caṃdramasaścaiva ṣaṣṭhī vai kārttikasya ca | saptamī ca raveḥ proktā durgāyāścāṣṭamī smṛtā 17| navamī caiva mātṝṇāṃ yamasya daśamī tathā | ekādaśī tu sarveṣāṃ dvādaśī mādhavasya ca 18| trayodaśī tu kāmasya śarvasyoktā caturdaśī | tadvatpaṃcadaśī khyātā dhāturvai hyarcane punaḥ 19| etā vai tithayaḥ proktāḥ pavitrāropaṇocitāḥ | kaniṣṭhe dvādaśa proktā madhyame dviguṇā smṛtāḥ 20| triguṇāścottame caiva graṃthayaśca pavitrake | karpūrakesarābhyāṃ vā caṃdanena haridrayā 21| raṃjayitvā tu tatsarvaṃ sthāpyaṃ navakaraṃḍake | devasya yajanaṃ yatra sthāpyāni devavattadā 22| ādau devārcanaṃ kṛtvā vāsanaṃ sapavitrakam | adhivāsite pavitre tu tato vai pūjanaṃ smṛtam 23| pavitreṣu ca yaddevāsteṣāṃ nikaṭamācaret | brahmāviṣṇustathā rudrastrayo vai sūtradevatāḥ 24| kriyā ca pauruṣī vīrā caturthī cāparājitā | jayā ca vijayā caiva muktidā ca sadāśivā 25| manonmanī tu navamī daśamī sarvatomukhī | graṃthīnāṃ devatāścaiva sūtreṣu viniveśayet 26| āvāhanamudrayā vai śāstroktavidhinā tataḥ | āvāhya tatra tāḥ samyaksaṃnidhīkaraṇaṃ smṛtam 27| saṃnidhīkaraṇamudrayā saṃnidhīkaraṇam | rakṣyāmudrayā saṃrakṣya dhenumudrayā amṛtīkṛtya | ānīya devasyāgre kalaśodakaṃ gṛhītvā | āgamoktena maṃtreṇa prokṣaṇaṃ vidhāya klīṃ kṛṣṇāya iti maṃtreṇa prokṣaṇaṃ gaṃdhadhūpadīpa| naivedyādikaṃ dattvā tāṃbūlādikaṃ dattvā ṣoḍaśopacārādinā pavitradevatā| abhyarcya gaṃdhapavitraṃ dhūpitaṃ kṛtvā devābhimukhaḥ san | namaskāramudrayā devaṃ abhimaṃtrayīta | āmaṃtrito mahādeva sārddhaṃ devyā gaṇādibhiḥ | maṃtrairvā lokapālaiśca sahitaḥ parivārakaiḥ 28| āgaccha bhagavanviṣṇo vidhisaṃpūrṇahetave | prātastvatpūjanaṃ kurmaḥ sānnidhyaṃ niyataṃ kuru 29| tadgaṃdhaṃ ca pavitraṃ ca devasya rāghavasya ca | śrīviṣṇoścaraṇe tatni kṣipya prātaḥ | svakriyāṃ vidhāya puṇyāhasvastivācana jayajaya śabdairghaṃṭādi vāditra| nirghoṣatūryādiśabdaiḥ pavitraiḥ pūjāṃ kuryāt | tataḥ prathamaṃ jyeṣṭhaṃ tato madhyamaṃ kaniṣṭhaṃ ca | ebhiḥ sarvairyathākrameṇa pūjāṃ kuryāt | oṃvāsudevāya vidmahe viṣṇudevāya dhīmahi | tanno devaḥ pracodayāt | iti pavitradānaṃ athavā svamaṃtraiḥ | tato vai mahatīṃ pūjāṃ viṣṇoḥ kuryātprasādinīm | yayā vai kṛtayā devi viṣṇurātmā prasīdati 30| samaṃtāddīpamālā ca kattarvyā ca vidhānataḥ | caturvidhaṃ tathā cānnaṃ naivedyaṃ kārayedbudhaḥ 31| pavitrāṇi tato dadyātpūjitāni tu śobhane | bhaktyā caiva viśeṣeṇa śrīguruṃ pūjayettataḥ 32| vastrālaṃkāravidhinā pūjanīyo gururmahān | pūjayitvā guruṃ tatra pavitraṃ dhārayettataḥ 33| atha ye vaiṣṇavāḥ saṃti tebhyastāṃbūlādikaṃ dattvā pūrṇāhutimagnaye dattvā śrīnivāsāya śrīkṛṣṇāya karma nivedayet | maṃtrahīnaṃ kriyāhīnaṃ bhaktihīnaṃ tu keśava | yatpūjito mayā samyaksaṃpūrṇaṃ yātu me dhruvam 34| tata udvāsya iṣṭabaṃdhubhistathā vaiṣṇavairviprairvā sahitaḥ sanmṛṣṭamannaṃ svayaṃ bhuṃjīta | etatpūjanakaṃ divyaṃ ye śṛṇvaṃti dvijottamāḥ | sarvapāpavinirmuktā yāṃti viṣṇoḥ paraṃ padam 35| yāvattapati vai caṃdro yāvattapati vai raviḥ | pavitrāropakastadvattapyate nātra saṃśayaḥ 36| pṛthivyāṃ yāni dānāni niyamāśca tathā punaḥ | sarve vai pūrṇatāṃ yāṃti pavitrāropaṇe kṛte 37| utsavānāṃ ca rājāyaṃ pavitrāropaṇo vidhiḥ | brahmahā śudhyate tatra nātra kāryā vicāraṇā 38| satyaṃ satyaṃ punaḥ satyaṃ yaduktaṃ naganaṃdini | pavitrāropaṇe puṇyaṃ darśane tu tathā smṛtam 39| śūdrairvātha mahābhāge pavitrāropaṇo vidhiḥ | kṛto yairbhaktibhāvena te vai dhanyatamāḥ smṛtāḥ 40| dhanyo'haṃ kṛtakṛtyo'haṃ saubhāgyo dharaṇītale | mayā tu yā kṛtā bhaktirvaiṣṇavī muktidāyinī 41| iti śrīpādme mahāpurāṇe paṃcapaṃcāśatsāhasryāṃ saṃhitāyāṃ uttarakhaṃḍe umāmaheśvarasaṃvāde pavitrāropaṇaṃnāma ṣaḍaśītitamo'dhyāyaḥ 86|

English translation

Mahādeva said :

1-19. When the month of Śrāvaṇa comes the rite of the investiture of the sacred thread should be performed, having done which divine devotion is produced. O Pārvatī , the wise ones should perform, with faith, Viṣṇu ’s investiture of the sacred thread. (By doing that) his worship in the rainy season becomes complete. On Viṣṇu’s investiture of the sacred thread one gets pleasure. One would get various pleasures on having always properly worshipped Viṣṇu. Having brought a thread, a garment spun by a brāhmaṇa woman (he should do the rite). Or he should use there (i.e. for this rite) thread spun by himself. Or similarly he should get a thread spun by a good śūdra woman. Or he should properly have one through sale. The rite of the investiture (of the thread) should be done with silken cloth only. So also (the sacred thread for) god Viṣṇu should be made of silver. Or, O chief goddess, it should be especially made of gold according to the rule. In the absence of all metals the wise ones should take (a cotton ) thread. The thread reaching the feet is said to be the best. The one up to the knees (is said to be) middling. The one reaching the navel (is said to be) inferior. A wise one should have the investiture (of any one of these threads). The thread should have the knots numbering the days of the year, or half the number, or one hundred and eight. O Pārvatī, it is also proper (to have one) having half the number. On the phallus it is known as liṅga , and should be accompanied by Gaṅgā and the serpents. O goddess, on the image the sacred thread should be of wood flowers. It should be prepared beautifully, by which Viṣṇu is pleased. One good sacred thread called gandha should always be prepared by men, Viṣṇu’s devotees, and it should have only one strand. In the same way the thread sacred to the deity Viṣṇu is also said to be (so) for the gods. So also (for) the devotees like Ambarīṣa and Dhruva . Then, O Pārvatī, sacred threads should be offered here (i.e. in this rite). The first day is recommended for investiture with the sacred thread of Kubera . The second is said to be the best of days for goddess Lakṣmī . The third for you, and the fourth for Gajānana . The fifth is for the Moon, and the sixth for Kārtikeya . The seventh is said (i.e. recommended) for the Sun; for Durgā the eighth is told, the ninth for the divine mothers and similarly the tenth is (recommended) for Yama . The eleventh is (recommended) for all (deities), and the twelfth for Viṣṇu. The thirteenth is for Madana , and the fourteenth is said to be for Śarva . Similarly the fifteenth (day of the fortnight) is recommended for Brahma ’s worship.

20-27. These are said to be the proper days of investiture with the sacred thread. Twelve is said to be inferior. Double (the number) is said to be middling; and thrice the number (i.e. thirty-six) is said to be the number of knots on the sacred thread. Have it dyed with camphor and saffron, sandal and turmeric. Having dyed all this, and having put it in a new casket, all those should be placed like a deity (at the place) where the worship of the deity (is to be performed). First, worship of the deity should be done. (Then) garment with the thread (should be put on). After the sacred thread is put on, the worship is said to be done. In the sacred threads the deities would be in proximity. Brahmā , Viṣṇu, and Rudra are the three deities of the sacred thread. Kriyā , Pauruṣī , Vīrā , the fourth (being) Aparājitā , Jayā and Vijayā , Muktidā, so also Sadāśivā, the ninth (is) Manonmanī , and the tenth Sarvatomukhī—these are the deities of the knots. He should install them on the threads. Then with (appropriate) finger position according to the rule of the holy texts, he should invoke them. This is said to be properly placing them in proximity.

28-35. The placing in proximity is done by the finger position (called) sannidhi-mudrā . Then having protected them with (the finger position called) rakṣā (i.e. protection)- mudrā and having immortalised them with (the finger position called) dhenu -mudrā he should bring them before the deity. Taking water from the pitcher he should sprinkle them with hymns from the sacred texts. The sprinkling (should be done) with the hymn: ‘ Klīṃ , to Kṛṣṇa ’. Then having offered sandal, incense, eatables, having given tāmbūla etc., having worshipped the deities of the sacred thread in the sixteen ways of doing homage, having incensed the fragrant sacred thread, and facing the deity he should consecrate it with (the finger position) called namaskāra-mudrā (i.e. mudrā of salutation): ‘O Mahādeva , with the goddess and attendants etc. you are invited by means of these hymns. O lord Viṣṇu, come along with the regents of quarters and attendants for the fulfilment of the rite. In the morning we shall worship you. Be constantly in the proximity.’ Having put in the morning that sandal and sacred thread at the feet of god Rāghava , Viṣṇu, and having performed his rite(s) and with the repetition three times of the words, ‘This is an auspicious day’ and with the preliminary religious rite and with words of victory and with the auspicious sounds of bells, musical instruments and of drums he should offer the worship. He should worship in the proper order: first the seniormost, then the middling and (lastly) the inferior. With the hymn ‘We know Vāsudeva , we think of god Viṣṇu; may the god urge us on’, or with his own hymns he should offer the great delightful worship, having offered which Viṣṇu, the soul, is pleased. All round illumination should be done according to the rule. The wise man should also get prepared four kinds of food. O beautiful one, then the sacred threads that are worshipped should be given (to brāhmaṇas ). Then he should especially worship his teacher with devotion. The great preceptor should be worshipped with the rite (of offering) garments and ornaments. After having worshipped his preceptor he should wear the sacred thread. Then having given tāmbūlas to those who are Viṣṇu’s devotees and a full oblation to Agni , he should report the act to Śrīnivāsa , Śrī Kṛṣṇa. (He should say:) ‘O Viṣṇu, may that (act of having) worshipped you without the (proper) hymns, the (proper) acts, and without devotion, be certainly well completed’. Then having called (his relatives) he should eat the cooked food with his dear relatives, Viṣṇu’s devotees, and brāhmaṇas. Those best brāhmaṇas who listen to this divine worship are free from all sins and go to the highest position of Viṣṇu.

36-41. There is no doubt that as long as the Moon shines, the Sun shines, he who has investiture of the sacred thread shines like them. On having the investiture with the sacred thread all the gifts and restraints that there are on the earth, become perfect. This rite of the investiture of the sacred thread is the king of festivals. A killer of a brāhmaṇa is purified by it. No doubt should be raised about this. O daughter of the ( Himālaya ) Mountain, what is said is the truth, the (absolute) truth. The religious merit that is said (to result) from the investiture of the sacred thread is also said (to be had) from seeing it. O noble one, the śūdras who have devoutly performed this rite of the investiture of the sacred thread, are said to be most fortunate. I am lucky, I am blessed, I am fortunate, (as) the devotion I had for Viṣṇu, gives salvation.

Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 44661, revision 336515 (2022-04-23T11:26:54Z). English is N. A. Deshpande’s complete translation, controlled against its chapter page at https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-padma-purana/d/doc365664.html and the ten-volume archival witness. The witnesses are aligned at chapter level; no unsupported verse-by-verse equivalence is asserted.