Bhūmi-khaṇḍa · Chapter 14
Sourceसोमशर्मोवाच- एवंविधं महापुण्यं धर्मव्याख्यानमुत्तमम् । कथं जानासि भद्रे त्वं कस्माच्चैव त्वया श्रुतम् १। सुमनोवाच-। भार्गवाणां कुले जातः पिता मम महामते । च्यवनो नाम विख्यातः सर्वज्ञानविशारदः २। तस्याहं प्रिय कन्या वै प्राणादपि च वल्लभा । यत्रयत्र व्रजत्येष तीर्थारामेषु सुव्रत ३। सभासु च मुनीनां तु देवतायतनेषु च । तेन सार्द्धं व्रजाम्येका क्रीडमाना सदैव हि ४। कौशिकान्वयसंभूतो वेदशर्मा महामतिः । पितुर्मम सखा दैवादटमानः समागतः ५। दुःखेन महताविष्टश्चिंतयानो मुहुर्मुहुः । समागतं महात्मानं तमुवाच पिता मम ६। भवंतं दुःखसंतप्तमिति जानामि सुव्रत । कस्माद्दुःखी भवाञ्जातस्तस्मात्त्वं कारणं वद ७। एतद्वाक्यं ततः श्रुत्वा च्यवनस्य महात्मनः । तमुवाच महात्मानं पितरं मम सुव्रतः ८। वेदशर्मा महाप्राज्ञ सर्वदुःखस्य कारणम् । मम भार्या महासाध्वी पातिव्रत्यपरायणा ९। अपुत्रा सा हि संजाता मम वंशो न विद्यते । एतत्ते कारणं प्रोक्तं प्रश्नितोस्मि यतस्त्वया १०। एतस्मिन्नंतरे प्राप्तः कश्चित्सिद्धः समागतः । मम पित्रा तथा तेन ह्युत्थाय वेदशर्मणा ११। द्वाभ्यामपि च सिद्धोसौ पूजितो भक्तिपूर्वकैः । उपहारैस्स भोज्यान्नैर्वचनैर्मधुराक्षरैः १२। द्वाभ्यामन्तर्गतं पृष्टं पूर्वोक्तं च यथा त्वया । उभौ तौ प्राह धर्मात्मा ससखं पितरं मम १३। धर्मस्य कारणं सर्वं मयोक्तं ते तथा किल । धर्मेण प्राप्यते पुत्रो धनं धान्यं तथा स्त्रियः १४। ततस्तेन कृतं धर्मं संपूर्णं वेदशर्मणा । तस्माद्धर्मात्सुसंजातं महत्सौख्यं सपुत्रकम् १५। तेन संगप्रसंगेन ममैष मतिनिश्चयः । यथा कांत तव प्रोक्तं मयैव च परं शुभम् १६। तस्माच्छ्रुतं महासिद्धात्सर्वसंदेहनाशनम् । विप्रधर्मं समाश्रित्य अनुवर्त्तस्व सर्वदा १७। सोमशर्मोवाच- धर्मेण कीदृशो मृत्युर्जन्म चैव वदस्व मे । उभयोर्लक्षणं कांते तत्सर्वं हि वदस्व मे १८। सुमनोवाच- सत्य शौच क्षमा शांति तीर्थपुण्यादिकैस्तथा । धर्मश्च पालितो येन तस्य मृत्युं वदाम्यहम् १९। रोगो न जायते तस्य न च पीडा कलेवरे । न श्रमो वै न च ग्लानिर्न च स्वेदो भ्रमस्तथा २०। दिव्यरूपधरा भूत्वा गंधर्वा ब्राह्मणास्तथा । वेदपाठसमायुक्ता गीतज्ञानविशारदाः २१। तस्य पार्श्वं समायांति स्तुतिं कुर्वंति चातुलाम् । स्वस्थो हि आसने युक्तो देवपूजारतः किल २२। तीर्थं च लभते प्राज्ञः स्नानार्थं धर्मतत्परः । अग्न्यागारे च गोस्थाने देवतायतनेषु च २३। आरामे च तडागे च यत्राश्वत्थो वटस्तथा । ब्रह्मवृक्षं समाश्रित्य श्रीवृक्षं च तथा पुनः २४। अश्वस्थानं समाश्रित्य गजस्थानगतो नरः । अशोकं चूतवृक्षं च समाश्रित्य यदास्थितः २५। संनिधौ ब्राह्मणानां च राजवेश्मगतोथवा । रणभूमिं समाश्रित्य पूर्वं यत्र मृतो भवेत् २६। मृत्युस्थानानि पुण्यानि केवलं धर्मकारणम् । गोग्रहं तु सुसंप्राप्य तथा चामरकंटकम् २७। शुद्धधर्मकरो नित्यं धर्मतो धर्मवत्सलः । एवं स्थानं समाप्नोति यदा मृत्युं समाश्रितः २८। मातरं पश्यते पुण्यं पितरं च नरोत्तमः । भ्रातरं श्रेयसा युक्तमन्यं स्वजनबांधवम् २९। बंदीजनैस्तथा पुण्यैः स्तूयमानं पुनःपुनः । पापिष्ठं नैव पश्येत मातृपित्रादिकं पुनः ३०। गीतं गायंति गंधर्वाः स्तुवंतिस्तावकाः स्तवैः । मंत्रपाठैस्तथा विप्रा माता स्नेहेन पूजयेत् ३१। पितास्वजनवर्गाश्च धर्मात्मानं महामतिम् । एवं दूताः समाख्याताः पुण्यस्थानानि ते विभो ३२। प्रत्यक्षान्पश्यते दूतान्हास्यस्नेहसमाविलान् । न च स्वप्नेन मोहेन क्लेदयुक्तेन नैव सः ३३। धर्मराजो महाप्राज्ञो भवंतं तु समाह्वयेत् । एह्येहि त्वं महाभाग यत्र धर्मः स तिष्ठति ३४। तस्य मोहो न च भ्रांतिर्न ग्लानिः स्मृतिविभ्रमः । जायते नात्र संदेहः प्रसन्नात्मा स तिष्ठति ३५। ज्ञानविज्ञानसंपन्नः स्मरन्देवं जनार्दनम् । तैः सार्द्धं तु प्रयात्येवं संतुष्टो हृष्टमानसः ३६। एकत्वं जायते तत्र त्यजतः स्वंकलेवरम् । दशमद्वारमाश्रित्य आत्मा तस्य स गच्छति ३७। शिबिका तस्य आयाति हंसयानं मनोहरम् । विमानमेव चायाति हयो वा गज उत्तमः ३८। छत्रेण ध्रियमाणेन चामरैर्व्यजनैस्तथा । वीज्यमानः स पुण्यात्मा पुण्यैरेवं समंततः ३९। गीयमानस्तु धर्मात्मा स्तूयमानस्तु पंडितैः । बंदिभिश्चारणैर्दिव्यैर्ब्राह्मणैर्वेदपारगैः ४०। साधुभिः स्तूयमानस्तु सर्वसौख्यसमन्वितः । यथादानप्रभावेण फलमाप्नोति तत्र सः ४१। आरामवाटिकामध्ये स प्रयाति सुखेन वै । अप्सरोभिः समाकीर्णो दिव्याभिर्मंगलैर्युतः ४२। देवैः संस्तूयमानस्तु धर्मराजं प्रपश्यति । देवाश्च धर्मसंयुक्ता जग्मुः संमुखमेव तम् ४३। एह्येहि वै महाभाग भुंक्ष्व भोगान्मनोनुगान् । एवं स पश्यते धर्मं सौम्यरूपं महामतिम् ४४। स्वस्य पुण्यप्रभावेण भुंक्ते च स्वर्गमेव सः । भोगक्षयात्सधर्मात्मा पुनर्जन्म प्रयाति वै ४५। निजधर्मप्रसादात्स कुलं पुण्यं प्रयाति वै । ब्राह्मणस्य सुपुण्यस्य क्षत्रियस्य तथैव च ४६। धनाढ्यस्य सुपुण्यस्य वैश्यस्यैव महामते । धर्मेण मोदते तत्र पुनः पुण्यं करोति सः ४७।
somaśarmovāca- evaṃvidhaṃ mahāpuṇyaṃ dharmavyākhyānamuttamam | kathaṃ jānāsi bhadre tvaṃ kasmāccaiva tvayā śrutam 1| sumanovāca-| bhārgavāṇāṃ kule jātaḥ pitā mama mahāmate | cyavano nāma vikhyātaḥ sarvajñānaviśāradaḥ 2| tasyāhaṃ priya kanyā vai prāṇādapi ca vallabhā | yatrayatra vrajatyeṣa tīrthārāmeṣu suvrata 3| sabhāsu ca munīnāṃ tu devatāyataneṣu ca | tena sārddhaṃ vrajāmyekā krīḍamānā sadaiva hi 4| kauśikānvayasaṃbhūto vedaśarmā mahāmatiḥ | piturmama sakhā daivādaṭamānaḥ samāgataḥ 5| duḥkhena mahatāviṣṭaściṃtayāno muhurmuhuḥ | samāgataṃ mahātmānaṃ tamuvāca pitā mama 6| bhavaṃtaṃ duḥkhasaṃtaptamiti jānāmi suvrata | kasmādduḥkhī bhavāñjātastasmāttvaṃ kāraṇaṃ vada 7| etadvākyaṃ tataḥ śrutvā cyavanasya mahātmanaḥ | tamuvāca mahātmānaṃ pitaraṃ mama suvrataḥ 8| vedaśarmā mahāprājña sarvaduḥkhasya kāraṇam | mama bhāryā mahāsādhvī pātivratyaparāyaṇā 9| aputrā sā hi saṃjātā mama vaṃśo na vidyate | etatte kāraṇaṃ proktaṃ praśnitosmi yatastvayā 10| etasminnaṃtare prāptaḥ kaścitsiddhaḥ samāgataḥ | mama pitrā tathā tena hyutthāya vedaśarmaṇā 11| dvābhyāmapi ca siddhosau pūjito bhaktipūrvakaiḥ | upahāraissa bhojyānnairvacanairmadhurākṣaraiḥ 12| dvābhyāmantargataṃ pṛṣṭaṃ pūrvoktaṃ ca yathā tvayā | ubhau tau prāha dharmātmā sasakhaṃ pitaraṃ mama 13| dharmasya kāraṇaṃ sarvaṃ mayoktaṃ te tathā kila | dharmeṇa prāpyate putro dhanaṃ dhānyaṃ tathā striyaḥ 14| tatastena kṛtaṃ dharmaṃ saṃpūrṇaṃ vedaśarmaṇā | tasmāddharmātsusaṃjātaṃ mahatsaukhyaṃ saputrakam 15| tena saṃgaprasaṃgena mamaiṣa matiniścayaḥ | yathā kāṃta tava proktaṃ mayaiva ca paraṃ śubham 16| tasmācchrutaṃ mahāsiddhātsarvasaṃdehanāśanam | vipradharmaṃ samāśritya anuvarttasva sarvadā 17| somaśarmovāca- dharmeṇa kīdṛśo mṛtyurjanma caiva vadasva me | ubhayorlakṣaṇaṃ kāṃte tatsarvaṃ hi vadasva me 18| sumanovāca- satya śauca kṣamā śāṃti tīrthapuṇyādikaistathā | dharmaśca pālito yena tasya mṛtyuṃ vadāmyaham 19| rogo na jāyate tasya na ca pīḍā kalevare | na śramo vai na ca glānirna ca svedo bhramastathā 20| divyarūpadharā bhūtvā gaṃdharvā brāhmaṇāstathā | vedapāṭhasamāyuktā gītajñānaviśāradāḥ 21| tasya pārśvaṃ samāyāṃti stutiṃ kurvaṃti cātulām | svastho hi āsane yukto devapūjārataḥ kila 22| tīrthaṃ ca labhate prājñaḥ snānārthaṃ dharmatatparaḥ | agnyāgāre ca gosthāne devatāyataneṣu ca 23| ārāme ca taḍāge ca yatrāśvattho vaṭastathā | brahmavṛkṣaṃ samāśritya śrīvṛkṣaṃ ca tathā punaḥ 24| aśvasthānaṃ samāśritya gajasthānagato naraḥ | aśokaṃ cūtavṛkṣaṃ ca samāśritya yadāsthitaḥ 25| saṃnidhau brāhmaṇānāṃ ca rājaveśmagatothavā | raṇabhūmiṃ samāśritya pūrvaṃ yatra mṛto bhavet 26| mṛtyusthānāni puṇyāni kevalaṃ dharmakāraṇam | gograhaṃ tu susaṃprāpya tathā cāmarakaṃṭakam 27| śuddhadharmakaro nityaṃ dharmato dharmavatsalaḥ | evaṃ sthānaṃ samāpnoti yadā mṛtyuṃ samāśritaḥ 28| mātaraṃ paśyate puṇyaṃ pitaraṃ ca narottamaḥ | bhrātaraṃ śreyasā yuktamanyaṃ svajanabāṃdhavam 29| baṃdījanaistathā puṇyaiḥ stūyamānaṃ punaḥpunaḥ | pāpiṣṭhaṃ naiva paśyeta mātṛpitrādikaṃ punaḥ 30| gītaṃ gāyaṃti gaṃdharvāḥ stuvaṃtistāvakāḥ stavaiḥ | maṃtrapāṭhaistathā viprā mātā snehena pūjayet 31| pitāsvajanavargāśca dharmātmānaṃ mahāmatim | evaṃ dūtāḥ samākhyātāḥ puṇyasthānāni te vibho 32| pratyakṣānpaśyate dūtānhāsyasnehasamāvilān | na ca svapnena mohena kledayuktena naiva saḥ 33| dharmarājo mahāprājño bhavaṃtaṃ tu samāhvayet | ehyehi tvaṃ mahābhāga yatra dharmaḥ sa tiṣṭhati 34| tasya moho na ca bhrāṃtirna glāniḥ smṛtivibhramaḥ | jāyate nātra saṃdehaḥ prasannātmā sa tiṣṭhati 35| jñānavijñānasaṃpannaḥ smarandevaṃ janārdanam | taiḥ sārddhaṃ tu prayātyevaṃ saṃtuṣṭo hṛṣṭamānasaḥ 36| ekatvaṃ jāyate tatra tyajataḥ svaṃkalevaram | daśamadvāramāśritya ātmā tasya sa gacchati 37| śibikā tasya āyāti haṃsayānaṃ manoharam | vimānameva cāyāti hayo vā gaja uttamaḥ 38| chatreṇa dhriyamāṇena cāmarairvyajanaistathā | vījyamānaḥ sa puṇyātmā puṇyairevaṃ samaṃtataḥ 39| gīyamānastu dharmātmā stūyamānastu paṃḍitaiḥ | baṃdibhiścāraṇairdivyairbrāhmaṇairvedapāragaiḥ 40| sādhubhiḥ stūyamānastu sarvasaukhyasamanvitaḥ | yathādānaprabhāveṇa phalamāpnoti tatra saḥ 41| ārāmavāṭikāmadhye sa prayāti sukhena vai | apsarobhiḥ samākīrṇo divyābhirmaṃgalairyutaḥ 42| devaiḥ saṃstūyamānastu dharmarājaṃ prapaśyati | devāśca dharmasaṃyuktā jagmuḥ saṃmukhameva tam 43| ehyehi vai mahābhāga bhuṃkṣva bhogānmanonugān | evaṃ sa paśyate dharmaṃ saumyarūpaṃ mahāmatim 44| svasya puṇyaprabhāveṇa bhuṃkte ca svargameva saḥ | bhogakṣayātsadharmātmā punarjanma prayāti vai 45| nijadharmaprasādātsa kulaṃ puṇyaṃ prayāti vai | brāhmaṇasya supuṇyasya kṣatriyasya tathaiva ca 46| dhanāḍhyasya supuṇyasya vaiśyasyaiva mahāmate | dharmeṇa modate tatra punaḥ puṇyaṃ karoti saḥ 47|
English translation
Somaśarman said :
1. O good lady, how do you do such an excellent and highly meritorious exposition of Dharma ? From whom did you learn this?
Sumanā said :
2. O you very intelligent one, well-known Cyavana , well-versed in all (branches of) knowledge, and born in the family of the Bhārgavas was my father.
3-4. I was his dear daughter, dearer to him than his own life.
Always playing, I used to go with him wherever he went—to sacred places, groves, assemblies of sages and temples of deities, O you of a good vow.
5-6. Very intelligent Vedaśarman, born in the family of Kauśika , a friend of my father, overcome by great grief and repeatedly brooding, while wandering by chance came (to my father).
7. My father said to the noble one who had come (to him): “O you of a good vow, I feel that you are tormented by grief. Tell me the cause by which you are (thus) afflicted.”
8-10. Hearing these words of that magnanimous Cyavana, he i.e. Vedaśarman, of a good vow, told my father the cause of his entire grief, O you very wise one: “My very chaste wife, solely devoted to me—her husband—is sonless; I do not have any lineage. I have told you the cause, since I was asked about it by you.”
11-12a. In the meantime, there came a divine seer having supernatural faculties. Both my father and that Vedaśarman got up and honoured him with devout offerings, food and sweet words; and both of them asked the secret, as you had asked me before.
12b-14. The pious one told both my father and his friend the means of Dharma, as I had told you before: “By (practising) Dharma (i.e. religious precepts), a son, wealth, corn, and also wives are obtained.”
15. Then that Vedaśarman fully practised Dharma. From that (i.e. by practising that) Dharma, there was great happiness, along with a son, for
16. In consequence of that meeting (between the Siddha and the two friends) I am convinced as I told you about the very auspicious words, O my dear husband.
17. Always follow the practices laid down for a brāmaṇa, as were heard from the great Siddha, and which would remove all (your) doubts.
Somaśarman said :
18. O my dear wife, tell me what kind of death or birth (does one have?). Tell me all about the nature ofboth.
Sumanā said :
19. I shall tell you how death comes to who has practised Dharma by means of truthfulness, purity, forbearance, tranquility and religious merit (and by visits to) sacred places etc.
20-22. He does not contract any disease, nor is there any suffering in his body. He does not have to toil, he has no fatigue, perspiration, and he does not commit an error. Gandharvas , and brāhmaṇas , taking up divine forms and ready with Vedic texts, and conversant with the knowledge of singing, come to his side (i.e. to him) and sing his matchless praise. He is composed, and seated on a seat is indeed engaged in the worship of deities.
23-30. He, very much devoted to religious practices, and a wise one, obtains a sacred place for bath. If a man remains in a fire-chamber, in a cowpen, in temples of deities, in a grove or a lake, or a place where there is the aśvattha tree, and also if he remains by resorting to (i.e. under) a palāśa or an undumbara [ udumbara ?] [1] tree or a bilva [2] tree also, and by resorting to (i.e. in) a stable of horses, or of elephants, or if he remains by resorting to (i.e. under) an aśoka three or a mango tree, also in the vicinity of brāmaṇas, or (even) if he has gone to the abode of old age (i.e. even if he has become old), or after he resorts to (i.e. goes to) a battle-field and dies, these places where he dies are holy. The cause for this (i.e. such a death) is Dharma alone. Reaching (i.e. choosing) the sacred place called Gographa or Amarakaṇṭakā, [3] he, loving pious practices and of a pious conduct, also practices Dharma. When the best man resorts to death (i.e. when he dies), he sees his mother and his meritorious father; also, he sees his brother endowed with virtue, his kinsmen and friends. In the same way, he, being praised by bards, would not at all see his most sinful mother or father etc.
31-34. The Gandharvas sing songs and the panegyrists praise him with panegyrics; brāhmaṇas would honour him with the recitations of hymns and his mother would honour him with love; his father, the groups of his relatives would honour the pious and highly intelligent man. O lord, I have thus narrated to you the messengers and the holy places. He actually sees the messengers full of love (for him). That king of Dharma (i.e. Yama ) would invite you, not in a dream or through troublesome delusion. O noble one, come (to that place) where that Dharma stands.
35-38. He (i.e. who practises Dharma) has no delusion, not error, no languor, no confusion of memory. There is no doubt that he remains with a pleased mind. Endowed with sacred and worldly knowledge, and remembering god Janārdana (i.e. Viṣṇu ), he, with his mind thus pleased, goes with them. In his case, when he casts his body, unity (with the Supreme Spirit) takes place. Resorting to the tenth aperture [4] his soul goes (out of his body). A palanquin or a beautiful vehicle with swans yoked to it, or an aeroplane or an excellent horse or elephant comes (to carry him).
39-41. Then the pious and meritorious man, with an umbrella held over his head, being fanned with chowries and fans, and endowed with all pleasures, being praised with songs by singers and bards, and eulogised by learned brāhmaṇas—masters of the Vedas , and praised by the good, obtains the fruit in accordance with the efficacy of his charity.
42-43a. Happily he goes to the gardens and orchards. Mixed (i.e. surrounded) with celestial nymphs and endowed with auspicious things, and being praised by gods, he sees the lord of Dharma (i.e. Yama).
43b-47. Gods with Dharma go forward to (greet) him (and say:) “O magnanimous one, come, come (and) enjoy pleasures as you like.” In this way he sees the very intelligent Dharma of a pleasing form; and due to the efficacy of his own religious merit he enjoys heaven itself. The pious one, after the exhaustion of his pleasures, is reborn. Due to his own religious merit he goes to (i.e. is born in) the family of a pious brāhmaṇa or a kṣatriya , or of a rich man, or of a very pious vaiśya , O you very intelligent one. There he rejoices with (i.e. due to) his pious acts and he again performs (deeds leading to) religious merit.
[1]: [1] : Brahmavṛkṣa—palāśa or udumbara tree.
[2]: [2] : Śrīvṛkṣa—bilva tree, or aśvattha or the sacred fig-tree.
[3]: [3] : Amarakaṇṭaka—Name of that part of the Vindhya range, which is near the source of the river Narmadā.
[4]: [4] : Daśamadvāra= Brahma-randhra.
Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 35303, revision 334911 (2022-04-07T22:43:12Z). English is N. A. Deshpande’s complete translation, controlled against its chapter page at https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-padma-purana/d/doc364221.html and the ten-volume archival witness. The witnesses are aligned at chapter level; no unsupported verse-by-verse equivalence is asserted.