Svarga-khaṇḍa · Chapter 53
Sourceव्यास उवाच- एवं दंडादिभिर्युक्तः शौचाचारसमन्वितः । आहूतोध्यापनं कुर्याद्वीक्ष्यमाणो गुरोर्मुखम् १। नित्यमुद्यतपाणिः स्यात्साध्वाचारः सुसंयतः । आस्यतामिति चोक्तः सन्नासीताभिमुखं गुरोः २। प्रतिश्रवणसंभाषे शयानो न समाचरेत् । आसीनो न च भुंजानो न तिष्ठेन्न पराङ्मुखः ३। नीचैः शय्यासनं चास्य सर्वदा गुरुसन्निधौ । गुरोस्तु चक्षुर्विषयेन यथेष्टासनो भवेत् ४। नोदाहरेदस्य नाम परोक्षमपि केवलम् । न चैवास्यानुकुर्वीत गतिभाषणचेष्टितम् ५। गुरोर्यत्र परीवादो निंदा वापि प्रवर्तते । कर्णौ तत्र पिधातव्यौ गंतव्यं वा ततोऽन्यतः ६। दूरस्थो नार्चयेदेनं न क्रुद्धो नांतिके स्त्रियः । न चैवास्योत्तरं ब्रूयात्स्थितो नासीत सन्निधौ ७। उदकुंभं कुशान्पुष्पं समिधोऽस्याहरेत्सदा । मार्जनं लेपनं नित्यमंगानां वै समाचरेत् ८। नास्य निर्माल्यशयनं पादुकोपानहावपि । आक्रामेदासनं चास्य च्छायादीन्वा कदाचन ९। साधयेद्दंतकाष्ठादींल्लब्धं चास्मै निवेदयेत् । अनापृच्छ्य न गंतव्यं भवेत्प्रियहिते रतः १०। न पादौ सारयेदस्य सन्निधाने कदाचन । जृंभितं हसितं चैव कंठप्रावरणं तथा ११। वर्जयेत्सन्निधौ नित्यमंगस्फोटनमेव च । यथाकालमधीयीत यावन्न विमना गुरुः १२। आसीनोऽधो गुरोः पार्श्वे सेवां च सुसमाहितः । आसने शयने याने नैव तिष्ठेत्कदाचन १३। धावंतमनुधावेत गच्छंतमनुगच्छति । गोश्वोष्ट्रयानप्रासादे तथाधोविष्टरेषु च १४। आसीत गुरुणा सार्द्धं शिलाफलक नौषु च । जितेंद्रियः स्यात्सततं वश्यात्माक्रोधनः शुचिः १५। प्रयुंजीत सदा वाचं मधुरां हितकारिणीम् । गंधमाल्यं रसं कल्पं शुक्तिं प्राणिविहिंसनम् १६। अभ्यंजनांजनोन्मर्द्दच्छत्रधारणमेव च । कामं लोभं भयं निद्रां गीतवादित्रनर्तनम् १७। आतर्जनं परीवादं स्त्रीप्रेक्षालंभनं तथा । परोपघातं पैशुन्यं प्रयत्नेन विवर्जयेत् १८। उदकुंभं सुमनसो गोशकृन्मृत्तिका कुशान् । आहरेद्यावदन्नानि भैक्ष्यं चाहरहश्चरेत् १९। घृतं च लवणं सर्वं वर्ज्यं पर्युषितं च यत् । अनृत्यदर्शी सततं भवेद्गीतादि निस्पृहः २०। नादित्यं वै समीहेत नाचरेद्दंतधावनम् । एकांतमशुचिस्त्रीभिः शूद्राद्यैरभिभाषणम् २१। गुरूच्छिष्टं भेषजान्नं प्रयुंजीत न कामतः । मलापकर्षणं स्नानं नाचरेद्धि कदाचन २२। न कुर्यान्मानसं विप्रो गुरोस्त्यागे कथंचन । मोहाद्वा यदि वा लोभात्त्यक्त्वा तु पतितो भवेत् २३। लौकिकं वैदिकं वापि तथाध्यात्मिकमेव वा । आददीत यतो ज्ञानं तं न द्रुह्येत्कदाचन २४। गुरोरप्यवलिप्तस्य कार्याकार्यमजानतः । उत्पथप्रतिपन्नस्य न मनुस्त्यागमब्रवीत् २५। गुरोर्गुरौ सन्निहिते गुरुवद्वृत्तिमाचरेत् । नत्वाभिसृष्टो गुरुणा स्वान्गुरूनभिवादयेत् २६। विद्यागुरुष्वेतदेवं नित्यावृत्तिषु योगिषु । प्रतिषेधत्सु चाधर्माद्धितं चोपदिशत्सु च २७। श्रेयः स्वगुरुवद्वृत्तिं नित्यमेव समाचरेत् । गुरुपुत्रेषु दारेषु गुरोश्चैव स्वबंधुषु २८। बालः संमानयेन्मान्याञ्छिष्टो वा यदि कर्म्मणि । अध्यापयन्गुरोः सूनुं गुरुवन्मानमर्हति २९। उत्सादनं च गात्राणां स्नापनोच्छिष्टभोजनः । न कुर्याद्गुरुपुत्रस्य पादयोः शौचमेव च ३०। गुरुवत्प्रतिपूज्याश्च सवर्णा गुरुयोषितः । असवर्णाश्च संपूज्याः प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादनैः ३१। अभ्यंजनं स्नापनं च गात्रोत्सादनमेव च । गुरुपत्न्या न कार्याणि केशानां च प्रसाधनम् ३२। गुरुपत्नी तु युवती नाभिवाद्या तु पादयोः । कुर्वीत वंदनं भूम्यामसावहमिति ब्रुवन् ३३। विप्रोष्य पादग्रहणपूर्वकं चाभिवादनम् । गुरुदारेषु कुर्वीत सतां धर्म्ममनुस्मरन् ३४। मातृष्वसा मातुलानी श्वश्रूश्चाथ पितृष्वसा । संपूज्या गुरुपत्नीवत्समास्ता गुरुभार्यया ३५। भ्रातृभार्याश्च संग्राह्या सवर्णा हन्यहन्यपि । विप्रोष्य तूपसंग्राह्या ज्ञातिसंबंधियोषितः ३६। पितुर्भगिन्या मातुश्च जायस्यां च स्वसर्यपि । मातृवद्वृत्तिमातिष्ठेन्माता ताभ्यो गरीयसी ३७। एवमाचारसंपन्नमात्मवंतमदांभिकम् । वेदमध्यापयेद्धर्म्मं पुराणांगानि नित्यशः ३८। संवत्सरोषिते शिष्ये गुरुर्ज्ञानमनिर्दिशन् । हरते दुष्कृतं तस्य शिष्यस्य वसतो गुरुः ३९। आचार्यपुत्रः शुश्रूषुर्ज्ञानदो धार्मिकः शुचिः । शक्तोन्नदोंबुदः साधुरध्याप्यादश धर्मतः ४०। कृतकंठस्तथाऽद्रोहः मेधावी गुरुकृन्नरः । आप्तः प्रियोऽथ विधिवत्षडध्याप्या द्विजातयः ४१। एतेषु ब्राह्मणे दानमन्यत्र तु यथोचितम् । आचम्य संयतो नित्यमधीयीत उदङ्मुखः ४२। उपसंगृह्य तत्पादौ वीक्ष्यमाणो गुरोर्मुखम् । अधीष्व भो इति ब्रूयाद्विरामोऽस्त्विति चाऽरमेत् ४३। प्राक्कूलान्पर्युपासीत पवित्रैश्चैव पावकः । प्राणायामैस्त्रिभिः पूतस्ततोंकारमर्हति ४४। ब्राह्मणः प्रणवं कुर्यादंतेऽपि विधिवद्द्विजाः । कुर्यादध्यापनं नित्यं सब्रह्मांजलिपूर्वतः ४५। सर्वेषामेव भूतानां वेदश्चक्षुः सनातनः । अधीयीताप्ययं नित्यं ब्राह्मण्याद्धीयतेऽन्यथा ४६। अधीयीत ऋचो नित्यं क्षीराहुत्या सदेवताः । प्रीणाति तर्पयन्कालं कामैर्हूताः सदैवताः ४७। यजूंष्यधीते नियतं दध्ना प्रीणाति देवताः । सामान्यधीते प्रीणाति घृताहुतिभिरन्वहम् ४८। अथर्वांगिरसो नित्यं मध्वा प्रीणाति देवताः । धर्मांगानि पुराणानि मांसैस्तर्पयतेसुरान् ४९। प्रातश्च सायं प्रयतो नैत्यकं विधिमाश्रितः । गायत्रीं समधीयीत गत्वारण्यं समाहितः ५०। सहस्रपरमां देवीं शतमध्यां दशावराम् । गायत्रीं वै जपेन्नित्यं जपयज्ञः प्रकीर्तितः ५१। गायत्रीं चैव वेदांश्च तुलया तोलयत्प्रभुः । एकतश्चतुरोवेदा गायत्रीं च तथैकतः ५२। ॐकारमादितः कृत्वा व्याहृतीस्तदनंतरम् । ततोऽधीयीत सावित्रीमेकाग्रः श्रद्धयान्वितः ५३। पुराकल्पे समुत्पन्ना भूर्भुवः स्वः सनातनाः । महाव्याहृतयस्तिस्रः सर्वाशुभनिबर्हणाः ५४। प्रधानं पुरुषः कालो विष्णुब्रह्ममहेश्वराः । सत्वंरजस्तमस्तिस्रः क्रमाद्व्याहृतयः स्मृताः ५५। ॐकारस्तत्परं ब्रह्म सावित्री स्यात्तदुत्तरम् । एष मंत्रो महायोगः सारात्सार उदाहृतः ५६। योऽधीतेऽहन्यहन्येतां गायत्रीं वेदमातरम् । विज्ञायार्थं ब्रह्मचारी स याति परमां गतिम् ५७। गायत्री वेदजननी गायत्री लोकपावनी । गायत्र्या न परं जप्यमेतद्विज्ञायमुच्यते ५८। श्रावणस्य तु मासस्य पौर्णमास्यां द्विजोत्तमाः । आषाढ्यां प्रोष्ठपद्यां वा वेदोपाकरणं स्मृतम् ५९। यत्सूर्ययाम्यगमनं मासान्विप्रोर्द्धपंचमान् । अधीयीत शुचौ देशे ब्रह्मचारी समाहितः ६०। पुष्ये तुच्छंदसां कुर्याद्बहिरुत्सर्जनं द्विजः । मासि शुक्लस्य वा प्राप्ते पूर्वाह्णे प्रथमेऽहनि ६१। छदांसि च द्विजोऽभ्यस्येच्छुक्लपक्षे तु वै द्विजः । वेदांगानि पुराणानि कृष्णपक्षेषु मानवः ६२। इमान्नित्यमनध्यायानधीयानो विवर्जयेत् । अध्यापनं च कुर्वाणोऽभ्यस्यन्नपि प्रयत्नतः ६३। कर्णश्रवेऽनिले रात्रौ दिवापांसुसमूहने । विद्युत्स्तनितवर्षेषु महोल्कानां च संप्लवे ६४। अकालिकमनध्यायमेतेष्वाह प्रजापतिः । एतानभ्युदिनान्विद्याद्यदा प्रादुष्कृताग्निषु ६५। तदा विद्यादनध्यायमनृतौ चाभ्रदर्शने । निर्घाते भूमिचलने ज्योतिषां चोपसर्जने ६६। एतानकालिकान्विद्यादनध्यायानृतावपि । प्रादुष्कृतेष्वग्निषु च विद्युत्स्तनितनिस्वने ६७। सज्योतिः स्यादनध्यायः शेषे रात्रौ यथा दिवा । नित्यानध्याय एव स्याद्ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च ६८। धर्मनैपुण्यकामानां पूतिगंधे च नित्यशः । अंतः शवगतेग्रामे वृषलस्य च सन्निधौ ६९। अनध्यायोरुद्यमाने समये जलदस्य च । उदके चार्धरात्रे च विण्मूत्रं च विसर्जयन् ७०। उच्छिष्टः श्राद्धभुक्चैव मनसापि न चिंतयेत् । प्रतिगृह्य द्विजो विद्वानेकोद्दिष्टस्य वेतनम् ७१। त्र्यहं न कारयेद्ब्रह्म राज्ञो राहोश्च सूतके । यावदेकान्ननिष्ठा स्यात्स्नेहालोपश्च तिष्ठति ७२। विप्रस्य विदुषो देहे तावद्ब्रह्म न कीर्तयेत् । शयानः प्रौढपादश्च कृत्वा चैवावसक्थिकाम् ७३। नाधीयीतामिषं जग्ध्वा शूद्रश्राद्धान्नमेव च । नीहारे बाणशब्दे च संध्ययोरुभयोरपि ७४। अमावास्या चतुर्दश्योः पौर्णमास्यष्टमीषु च । उपाकर्मणि चोत्सर्गे त्रिरात्रं क्षपणं स्मृतम् ७५। अष्टकासु अहोरात्रमृत्वंतासु च रात्रिषु । मार्गशीर्षे तथा पौषे माघमासे तथैव च ७६। तिस्रोऽष्टकाः समाख्याता कृष्णपक्षेषु सूरिभिः । श्लेष्मातकस्य च्छायायां शाल्मलेर्मधुकस्य च ७७। कदाचिदपि नाध्येयं कोविदारकपित्थयोः । समानविद्ये च मृते तथा सब्रह्मचारिणि ७८। आचार्ये संस्थिते चापि त्रिरात्रं क्षपणं स्मृतम् । छिद्राण्येतानि विप्राणामनध्यायाः प्रकीर्तिताः ७९। हिंसंति राक्षसास्तेषु तस्मादेतान्विवर्जयेत् । नैत्यकेनास्त्यनध्यायः संध्योपासनमेव च ८०। उपाकर्म्मणि होमांते होममध्ये तथैव च । एकामृचमथैकं वा यजुः सामानि वा पुनः ८१। नाष्टकाद्यास्वधीयीत मारुते चाभिधावति । अनध्यायस्तु नांगेषु नेतिहासपुराणयोः ८२। न धर्मशास्त्रेष्वन्येषु सर्वाण्येतानि वर्जयेत् । एष धर्मः समासेन कीर्तितो ब्रह्मचारिणः ८३। ब्रह्मणाऽभिहितः पूर्वमृषीणां भावितात्मनाम् । योऽन्यत्र कुरुते यत्नमनधीत्य श्रुतिं द्विजः ८४। स संमूढो न संभाष्यो वेदबाह्यो द्विजातिभिः । न वेदपाठमात्रेण संतुष्टो वै भवेद्द्विजः ८५। पाठमात्रावसानस्तु पंके गौरिव सीदति । योऽधीत्य विधिवद्वेदं वेदार्थं न विचारयेत् ८६। स संमूढः शूद्रकल्पः पात्रतां न प्रपद्यते । यदित्वात्यंतिकं वासं कर्तुमिच्छति वै गुरौ ८७। युक्तः परिचरेदेनमाशरीरविमोक्षणम् । गत्वा वनं च विधिवज्जुहुयाज्जातवेदसम् ८८। अधीयीत तथा नित्यं ब्रह्मनिष्ठः समाहितः । सावित्रीं शतरुद्रीयं वेदांतांश्च विशेषतः । अभ्यसेत्सततं युक्तो भिक्षाशनपरायणः ८९। एतद्विधानं परमं पुराणं वेदागमे सम्यगिहोदितं वः । पुरा महर्षिप्रवराभिपृष्टः स्वायंभुवो यन्मनुराह देवः ९०। इति श्रीपाद्मे महापुराणे स्वर्गखंडे कर्मयोगकथनं नाम त्रिपंचाशत्तमोऽध्यायः ५३। ।
vyāsa uvāca- evaṃ daṃḍādibhiryuktaḥ śaucācārasamanvitaḥ | āhūtodhyāpanaṃ kuryādvīkṣyamāṇo gurormukham 1| nityamudyatapāṇiḥ syātsādhvācāraḥ susaṃyataḥ | āsyatāmiti coktaḥ sannāsītābhimukhaṃ guroḥ 2| pratiśravaṇasaṃbhāṣe śayāno na samācaret | āsīno na ca bhuṃjāno na tiṣṭhenna parāṅmukhaḥ 3| nīcaiḥ śayyāsanaṃ cāsya sarvadā gurusannidhau | gurostu cakṣurviṣayena yatheṣṭāsano bhavet 4| nodāharedasya nāma parokṣamapi kevalam | na caivāsyānukurvīta gatibhāṣaṇaceṣṭitam 5| guroryatra parīvādo niṃdā vāpi pravartate | karṇau tatra pidhātavyau gaṃtavyaṃ vā tato'nyataḥ 6| dūrastho nārcayedenaṃ na kruddho nāṃtike striyaḥ | na caivāsyottaraṃ brūyātsthito nāsīta sannidhau 7| udakuṃbhaṃ kuśānpuṣpaṃ samidho'syāharetsadā | mārjanaṃ lepanaṃ nityamaṃgānāṃ vai samācaret 8| nāsya nirmālyaśayanaṃ pādukopānahāvapi | ākrāmedāsanaṃ cāsya cchāyādīnvā kadācana 9| sādhayeddaṃtakāṣṭhādīṃllabdhaṃ cāsmai nivedayet | anāpṛcchya na gaṃtavyaṃ bhavetpriyahite rataḥ 10| na pādau sārayedasya sannidhāne kadācana | jṛṃbhitaṃ hasitaṃ caiva kaṃṭhaprāvaraṇaṃ tathā 11| varjayetsannidhau nityamaṃgasphoṭanameva ca | yathākālamadhīyīta yāvanna vimanā guruḥ 12| āsīno'dho guroḥ pārśve sevāṃ ca susamāhitaḥ | āsane śayane yāne naiva tiṣṭhetkadācana 13| dhāvaṃtamanudhāveta gacchaṃtamanugacchati | gośvoṣṭrayānaprāsāde tathādhoviṣṭareṣu ca 14| āsīta guruṇā sārddhaṃ śilāphalaka nauṣu ca | jiteṃdriyaḥ syātsatataṃ vaśyātmākrodhanaḥ śuciḥ 15| prayuṃjīta sadā vācaṃ madhurāṃ hitakāriṇīm | gaṃdhamālyaṃ rasaṃ kalpaṃ śuktiṃ prāṇivihiṃsanam 16| abhyaṃjanāṃjanonmarddacchatradhāraṇameva ca | kāmaṃ lobhaṃ bhayaṃ nidrāṃ gītavāditranartanam 17| ātarjanaṃ parīvādaṃ strīprekṣālaṃbhanaṃ tathā | paropaghātaṃ paiśunyaṃ prayatnena vivarjayet 18| udakuṃbhaṃ sumanaso gośakṛnmṛttikā kuśān | āharedyāvadannāni bhaikṣyaṃ cāharahaścaret 19| ghṛtaṃ ca lavaṇaṃ sarvaṃ varjyaṃ paryuṣitaṃ ca yat | anṛtyadarśī satataṃ bhavedgītādi nispṛhaḥ 20| nādityaṃ vai samīheta nācareddaṃtadhāvanam | ekāṃtamaśucistrībhiḥ śūdrādyairabhibhāṣaṇam 21| gurūcchiṣṭaṃ bheṣajānnaṃ prayuṃjīta na kāmataḥ | malāpakarṣaṇaṃ snānaṃ nācareddhi kadācana 22| na kuryānmānasaṃ vipro gurostyāge kathaṃcana | mohādvā yadi vā lobhāttyaktvā tu patito bhavet 23| laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vāpi tathādhyātmikameva vā | ādadīta yato jñānaṃ taṃ na druhyetkadācana 24| gurorapyavaliptasya kāryākāryamajānataḥ | utpathapratipannasya na manustyāgamabravīt 25| gurorgurau sannihite guruvadvṛttimācaret | natvābhisṛṣṭo guruṇā svāngurūnabhivādayet 26| vidyāguruṣvetadevaṃ nityāvṛttiṣu yogiṣu | pratiṣedhatsu cādharmāddhitaṃ copadiśatsu ca 27| śreyaḥ svaguruvadvṛttiṃ nityameva samācaret | guruputreṣu dāreṣu guroścaiva svabaṃdhuṣu 28| bālaḥ saṃmānayenmānyāñchiṣṭo vā yadi karmmaṇi | adhyāpayanguroḥ sūnuṃ guruvanmānamarhati 29| utsādanaṃ ca gātrāṇāṃ snāpanocchiṣṭabhojanaḥ | na kuryādguruputrasya pādayoḥ śaucameva ca 30| guruvatpratipūjyāśca savarṇā guruyoṣitaḥ | asavarṇāśca saṃpūjyāḥ pratyutthānābhivādanaiḥ 31| abhyaṃjanaṃ snāpanaṃ ca gātrotsādanameva ca | gurupatnyā na kāryāṇi keśānāṃ ca prasādhanam 32| gurupatnī tu yuvatī nābhivādyā tu pādayoḥ | kurvīta vaṃdanaṃ bhūmyāmasāvahamiti bruvan 33| viproṣya pādagrahaṇapūrvakaṃ cābhivādanam | gurudāreṣu kurvīta satāṃ dharmmamanusmaran 34| mātṛṣvasā mātulānī śvaśrūścātha pitṛṣvasā | saṃpūjyā gurupatnīvatsamāstā gurubhāryayā 35| bhrātṛbhāryāśca saṃgrāhyā savarṇā hanyahanyapi | viproṣya tūpasaṃgrāhyā jñātisaṃbaṃdhiyoṣitaḥ 36| piturbhaginyā mātuśca jāyasyāṃ ca svasaryapi | mātṛvadvṛttimātiṣṭhenmātā tābhyo garīyasī 37| evamācārasaṃpannamātmavaṃtamadāṃbhikam | vedamadhyāpayeddharmmaṃ purāṇāṃgāni nityaśaḥ 38| saṃvatsaroṣite śiṣye gururjñānamanirdiśan | harate duṣkṛtaṃ tasya śiṣyasya vasato guruḥ 39| ācāryaputraḥ śuśrūṣurjñānado dhārmikaḥ śuciḥ | śaktonnadoṃbudaḥ sādhuradhyāpyādaśa dharmataḥ 40| kṛtakaṃṭhastathā'drohaḥ medhāvī gurukṛnnaraḥ | āptaḥ priyo'tha vidhivatṣaḍadhyāpyā dvijātayaḥ 41| eteṣu brāhmaṇe dānamanyatra tu yathocitam | ācamya saṃyato nityamadhīyīta udaṅmukhaḥ 42| upasaṃgṛhya tatpādau vīkṣyamāṇo gurormukham | adhīṣva bho iti brūyādvirāmo'stviti cā'ramet 43| prākkūlānparyupāsīta pavitraiścaiva pāvakaḥ | prāṇāyāmaistribhiḥ pūtastatoṃkāramarhati 44| brāhmaṇaḥ praṇavaṃ kuryādaṃte'pi vidhivaddvijāḥ | kuryādadhyāpanaṃ nityaṃ sabrahmāṃjalipūrvataḥ 45| sarveṣāmeva bhūtānāṃ vedaścakṣuḥ sanātanaḥ | adhīyītāpyayaṃ nityaṃ brāhmaṇyāddhīyate'nyathā 46| adhīyīta ṛco nityaṃ kṣīrāhutyā sadevatāḥ | prīṇāti tarpayankālaṃ kāmairhūtāḥ sadaivatāḥ 47| yajūṃṣyadhīte niyataṃ dadhnā prīṇāti devatāḥ | sāmānyadhīte prīṇāti ghṛtāhutibhiranvaham 48| atharvāṃgiraso nityaṃ madhvā prīṇāti devatāḥ | dharmāṃgāni purāṇāni māṃsaistarpayatesurān 49| prātaśca sāyaṃ prayato naityakaṃ vidhimāśritaḥ | gāyatrīṃ samadhīyīta gatvāraṇyaṃ samāhitaḥ 50| sahasraparamāṃ devīṃ śatamadhyāṃ daśāvarām | gāyatrīṃ vai japennityaṃ japayajñaḥ prakīrtitaḥ 51| gāyatrīṃ caiva vedāṃśca tulayā tolayatprabhuḥ | ekataścaturovedā gāyatrīṃ ca tathaikataḥ 52| oṃkāramāditaḥ kṛtvā vyāhṛtīstadanaṃtaram | tato'dhīyīta sāvitrīmekāgraḥ śraddhayānvitaḥ 53| purākalpe samutpannā bhūrbhuvaḥ svaḥ sanātanāḥ | mahāvyāhṛtayastisraḥ sarvāśubhanibarhaṇāḥ 54| pradhānaṃ puruṣaḥ kālo viṣṇubrahmamaheśvarāḥ | satvaṃrajastamastisraḥ kramādvyāhṛtayaḥ smṛtāḥ 55| oṃkārastatparaṃ brahma sāvitrī syāttaduttaram | eṣa maṃtro mahāyogaḥ sārātsāra udāhṛtaḥ 56| yo'dhīte'hanyahanyetāṃ gāyatrīṃ vedamātaram | vijñāyārthaṃ brahmacārī sa yāti paramāṃ gatim 57| gāyatrī vedajananī gāyatrī lokapāvanī | gāyatryā na paraṃ japyametadvijñāyamucyate 58| śrāvaṇasya tu māsasya paurṇamāsyāṃ dvijottamāḥ | āṣāḍhyāṃ proṣṭhapadyāṃ vā vedopākaraṇaṃ smṛtam 59| yatsūryayāmyagamanaṃ māsānviprorddhapaṃcamān | adhīyīta śucau deśe brahmacārī samāhitaḥ 60| puṣye tucchaṃdasāṃ kuryādbahirutsarjanaṃ dvijaḥ | māsi śuklasya vā prāpte pūrvāhṇe prathame'hani 61| chadāṃsi ca dvijo'bhyasyecchuklapakṣe tu vai dvijaḥ | vedāṃgāni purāṇāni kṛṣṇapakṣeṣu mānavaḥ 62| imānnityamanadhyāyānadhīyāno vivarjayet | adhyāpanaṃ ca kurvāṇo'bhyasyannapi prayatnataḥ 63| karṇaśrave'nile rātrau divāpāṃsusamūhane | vidyutstanitavarṣeṣu maholkānāṃ ca saṃplave 64| akālikamanadhyāyameteṣvāha prajāpatiḥ | etānabhyudinānvidyādyadā prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu 65| tadā vidyādanadhyāyamanṛtau cābhradarśane | nirghāte bhūmicalane jyotiṣāṃ copasarjane 66| etānakālikānvidyādanadhyāyānṛtāvapi | prāduṣkṛteṣvagniṣu ca vidyutstanitanisvane 67| sajyotiḥ syādanadhyāyaḥ śeṣe rātrau yathā divā | nityānadhyāya eva syādgrāmeṣu nagareṣu ca 68| dharmanaipuṇyakāmānāṃ pūtigaṃdhe ca nityaśaḥ | aṃtaḥ śavagategrāme vṛṣalasya ca sannidhau 69| anadhyāyorudyamāne samaye jaladasya ca | udake cārdharātre ca viṇmūtraṃ ca visarjayan 70| ucchiṣṭaḥ śrāddhabhukcaiva manasāpi na ciṃtayet | pratigṛhya dvijo vidvānekoddiṣṭasya vetanam 71| tryahaṃ na kārayedbrahma rājño rāhośca sūtake | yāvadekānnaniṣṭhā syātsnehālopaśca tiṣṭhati 72| viprasya viduṣo dehe tāvadbrahma na kīrtayet | śayānaḥ prauḍhapādaśca kṛtvā caivāvasakthikām 73| nādhīyītāmiṣaṃ jagdhvā śūdraśrāddhānnameva ca | nīhāre bāṇaśabde ca saṃdhyayorubhayorapi 74| amāvāsyā caturdaśyoḥ paurṇamāsyaṣṭamīṣu ca | upākarmaṇi cotsarge trirātraṃ kṣapaṇaṃ smṛtam 75| aṣṭakāsu ahorātramṛtvaṃtāsu ca rātriṣu | mārgaśīrṣe tathā pauṣe māghamāse tathaiva ca 76| tisro'ṣṭakāḥ samākhyātā kṛṣṇapakṣeṣu sūribhiḥ | śleṣmātakasya cchāyāyāṃ śālmalermadhukasya ca 77| kadācidapi nādhyeyaṃ kovidārakapitthayoḥ | samānavidye ca mṛte tathā sabrahmacāriṇi 78| ācārye saṃsthite cāpi trirātraṃ kṣapaṇaṃ smṛtam | chidrāṇyetāni viprāṇāmanadhyāyāḥ prakīrtitāḥ 79| hiṃsaṃti rākṣasāsteṣu tasmādetānvivarjayet | naityakenāstyanadhyāyaḥ saṃdhyopāsanameva ca 80| upākarmmaṇi homāṃte homamadhye tathaiva ca | ekāmṛcamathaikaṃ vā yajuḥ sāmāni vā punaḥ 81| nāṣṭakādyāsvadhīyīta mārute cābhidhāvati | anadhyāyastu nāṃgeṣu netihāsapurāṇayoḥ 82| na dharmaśāstreṣvanyeṣu sarvāṇyetāni varjayet | eṣa dharmaḥ samāsena kīrtito brahmacāriṇaḥ 83| brahmaṇā'bhihitaḥ pūrvamṛṣīṇāṃ bhāvitātmanām | yo'nyatra kurute yatnamanadhītya śrutiṃ dvijaḥ 84| sa saṃmūḍho na saṃbhāṣyo vedabāhyo dvijātibhiḥ | na vedapāṭhamātreṇa saṃtuṣṭo vai bhaveddvijaḥ 85| pāṭhamātrāvasānastu paṃke gauriva sīdati | yo'dhītya vidhivadvedaṃ vedārthaṃ na vicārayet 86| sa saṃmūḍhaḥ śūdrakalpaḥ pātratāṃ na prapadyate | yaditvātyaṃtikaṃ vāsaṃ kartumicchati vai gurau 87| yuktaḥ paricaredenamāśarīravimokṣaṇam | gatvā vanaṃ ca vidhivajjuhuyājjātavedasam 88| adhīyīta tathā nityaṃ brahmaniṣṭhaḥ samāhitaḥ | sāvitrīṃ śatarudrīyaṃ vedāṃtāṃśca viśeṣataḥ | abhyasetsatataṃ yukto bhikṣāśanaparāyaṇaḥ 89| etadvidhānaṃ paramaṃ purāṇaṃ vedāgame samyagihoditaṃ vaḥ | purā maharṣipravarābhipṛṣṭaḥ svāyaṃbhuvo yanmanurāha devaḥ 90| iti śrīpādme mahāpurāṇe svargakhaṃḍe karmayogakathanaṃ nāma tripaṃcāśattamo'dhyāyaḥ 53| |
English translation
Vyāsa said :
1-22. Thus endowed with a staff etc. and with purity and (proper) conduct, when called he should study looking at the face of the preceptor. He should always have his hands raised (i.e. should be ready), and should be well-controlled having good conduct. When told by the teacher ‘sit down’, he should sit facing him. He should not lie, so also should be seated or be eating food, while listening to or talking (with his preceptor). So also he should not remain with his face turned away (from his preceptor). His bed or seat should always be near his teacher (but) downwards (i.e. at a low level). When within the range of the preceptor's sight, he should not sit on a seat as he likes. Even in the absence of his preceptor he should not utter his name. He should not imitate his gait, speech or movement. He should cover his ears, or go to another place from the place where the preceptor is being censured or blamed. Remaining away (i.e. from a distance) he should not honour him, so also when angry he should not honour him, nor when he is near a woman. Being seated he should not give a reply to him; nor should he sit near him. He should always bring for him a jar with water (in it), kuśas , flowers and sacrificial sticks. He should cleanse his body and apply unguents to it. He should never cross over the remains of (flowers etc. used by) him, his bed, wooden sandals or shoes, so also his seat or shadow. He should secure pieces of wood used as a toothbrush etc. and report to him whatever is obtained by him. Without asking him (i.e. his permission) he should not go anywhere, and should be devoted to his well-being and what is liked by him. In the presence of the preceptor he should always avoid yawning, laughing, covering his neck or cracking (the limbs of) his body. He should study at the proper time, when the preceptor is not depressed. He should sit on a seat lower than that of the preceptor or by his side, and with concentration (offer him) service. He should never remain (i.e. sit) on his seat or bed. He should run after the preceptor when he is running; should go (i.e. walk) after when he is going. On kuśa seats or on a bull, a horse or a camel, so also on a slab or a plank or (while travelling) in boats, he should sit with (i.e. by) the preceptor. He should always control his senses, should control his mind, should be free from anger and pure. He should always use sweet and wholesome words. He should carefully avoid perfumes, flowers, drinks, (other) preparations, pearls, or harm to creatures, so also rubbing his body with unctuous substances, applying pigment to his body, or rubbing it, so also holding (i.e. using) an umbrella. (He should avoid) lust, greed, fear, sleep, singing or playing upon musical instruments, dancing, threatening, abuse, looking at or securing a woman, assaulting another person or wickedness. He should fetch a jar full of water, flowers, cowdung, clay, kuśas (for his preceptor). Everyday he should bring food and alms. Ghee , salt and all that is stale should be avoided. He should never witness dances, and should not long for (listening to) songs. He should not look at the sun, nor should he clean his teeth. Remaining in a lonely place with women is impure, so also talking with śūdras etc. He should not voluntarily take medicine or food left by his preceptor, so also should not excrete or bathe at his will.
23-34. He should never think of leaving his preceptor. If he leaves him through infatuation or greed, he would fall. He should never have malice against him from whom he would get worldly, Vedic or metaphysical knowledge. Manu has said that a preceptor, even though he is arrogant, he does not know what ought and what ought not to be done, he has gone astray, should not be abandoned. A man should behave towards his preceptor’s preceptor as he behaves with his own preceptor. Having saluted and being allowed by the preceptor, he should salute his preceptors. Thus he should behave with his preceptor who gives him knowledge; so also with meditating saints, who prohibit him from unrighteous acts and who advise what is beneficial to him. It is excellent for him always to behave in the same way as he behaves with his preceptor, with the preceptor’s sons, wife and kinsmen. A wise man should honour respectable persons (even though they are) young. The son of a teacher who teaches deserves respect like the teacher. He should not clean the limbs of the teacher’s son, should not bathe him, should not eat what is left by him, so also should not wash his feet. The preceptor’s wife belonging to the same caste, should be honoured like the preceptor. The one not belonging to the same caste should be honoured by getting up (when she comes) and saluting her. He should not apply unguents to the body of the preceptor’s wife, or give her bath, or clean the limbs of her body; so also he should not dress her hair. The young wife of the preceptor is not to be saluted by touching her feet. He should salute her (by putting his hands) on the ground, saying, ‘I am so and so’.
35-39. Remembering the course of conduct of the good, he should honour his mother’s sister, his maternal uncle’s wife, his mother-in-law, his father’s sister as (he would honour) his preceptor's wife. They are like his preceptor’s wife to him. Everyday he should also kindly receive his brother’s wife of the same caste. Women related to him through caste should be honoured by staying away from them. He should behave as he behaves with his mother, towards his father’s sister, mother’s sister, and his elder sister. (Yet) the mother is superior to them. A preceptor should teach the Vedas to a disciple who is thus endowed with good conduct, who is prudent and not deceitful; so also he should everyday teach him religious texts, Purāṇas and Vedāṅgas . A preceptor who does not teach the disciple who has stayed with him for a year, takes the sin of the disciple living with him.
40-44. These ten should be taught (by the preceptor) according to the rule: the son of his preceptor, one who serves him, one who gives him (some other) knowledge, one who is righteous, one who is pure, one who is capable, one who gives him food, one who gives him water and one who is good. These six of the brāhmaṇa -caste, viz. one who has learnt (the Vedas) by heart, one who is not deceitful, one who is very intelligent, one who takes to his teacher, one who is trustworthy, and dear should be taught according to the rule. To these and other brāhmaṇas gifts should be given duly. Having sipped water and being restrained, he should, facing the north, study. Having seized the feet of (i.e. having saluted) the preceptor and looking at his face, he should say: ‘O (sir, please) teach me.’ He should stop when (the teacher says:) ‘Let there be a stop (now).’ Purifying himself and having the points (of the kuśas) turned towards the east, he should, with blades of kuśa grass, wait upon (a deity etc.). Purified by the three (kinds of) prāṇāyāma , he deserves (to pronounce) Oṃkāra .
45-49. O brāhmaṇas, at the beginning and the end (of a rite) a brāhmaṇa should duly honour Oṃkāra. Having first offered respectful offering with the palms of his hands joined, he should undertake instruction daily. The ancient Veda is the eye of all creatures. He should study it daily. Otherwise he loses his status as a brāhmaṇa. He should study the hymns from the Ṛgvda [ Ṛgveda ?]. He (thereby) offers an oblation of milk. When he offers oblations of desired objects to the deities, he pleases them along with gods. (If) he always studies the yajus -formulae, he pleases the deities with (an offering of) curd. (If) he studies sāmans everyday, he pleases the deities with (an offering of) ghee. If he studies (hymns from) the Atharvāṅgirasa (Veda) daily, he pleases the deities with honey. (If he studies) the Purāṇas, religious texts, he pleases the gods with the flesh (-like parts of fruits).
50-58. Resorting to the daily rites in the morning and the evening, after being controlled, he should, being calm, go to a forest and properly study (the) Gāyatrī (hymn). He should daily mutter the Gāyatrī (hymn). (Repeating it) a thousand (times) is best, a hundred (times (is) middle (i.e. next to it), and ten (times is) the lowest. It is called the sacrifice of muttering prayers. The lord (once) weighed Gāyatrī and the Vedas with a scale. The four Vedas were on one side, and Gāyatrī on the other (i.e. both weighed equally). Having first uttered Oṃkāra, then the vyāhṛtis , [1] he should, with concentration and faith, study (i.e. recite) the Gāyatrī (hymn). In the former kalpa , the three ancient, great vyāhṛtis, viz. Bhūr, Bhuvas and Svaḥ, destroying all inauspicious (things), sprang up. Pradhāna (or Prakṛti ), Puruṣa , Kāla , Viṣṇu , Brahmā , Śiva , the three (constituents of the Prakṛti viz.) Sattva , Rajas and Tamas , are said to be the vyāhṛtis in succession. Oṃkāra is that highest Brahman , and Sāvitrī would be next to it. The hymn has a great propriety, and is said to be the essence of essences. He, who, being restrained, everyday studies this Gāyatrī, the mother of the Vedas, along with its meaning, goes to (i.e. gets) the highest position. Gāyatrī is the mother of the Vedas; Gāyatrī purifies the worlds. There is nothing greater to be muttered than Gāyatrī. Knowing this one is liberated.
59-62. Commencement of reading the Veda is said (to take place) on the full moon day of Śrāvaṇa , or the full moon day of Āṣāḍha or of Bhādrapada , O best brāhmaṇas. A man, being controlled and calm, should study (the Vedas) at a pure spot for five months and a half, when the sun proceeds to the south. A brāhmaṇa should suspend the Vedic studies in Pauṣa . A brāhmaṇa should study the Vedas in the morning of the first day of the bright fortnight of the month. A man should study the Vedāṅgas and the Purāṇas in the dark fortnight of the month.
63-70a. One who studies (i.e. the student) and so also one who teaches, studying (the sacred texts) carefully, should always avoid these intermissions of study: When the wind blows audibly at night, when a mass of dust (moves) by day, when there is lightning, or when it rains with thundering, or when there is a surge of great meteors. Prajāpati has prescribed untimely intermission on these occasions. When fires break out, one should know that they have come up. (So also) one should know that there is suspension of study when clouds are seen out of season, when there is a hurricane, when the earth quakes, and when the luminaries are eclipsed. These should be looked upon as (times of) the suspension of study, even when it is the season of study. (So also) when fires break out, when there is lightning or thundering. If there is thundering, there would be suspension of study during the remaining night or day. There should certainly be suspension of study in the villages or cities. For those who desire skill in religion, there should always be suspension of study when there is stinking smell, when there is a corpse in the village, and in the presence of a cāṇḍāla , when someone is weeping; so also when it is the time of the cloud.
70b-72a. A learned brāhmaṇa should not even mentally think of urinating or excreting in water or at midnight; or when he has not washed his hands etc. after taking food, or after eating at a śrāddha , or after having received the fees at a śrāddha or funeral rite performed for one definite individual [2] . He should not study the Vedas for three days during the mourning period of the king or impurity (due to eclipse caused) by Rāhu .
72b- 85a. As long as he has partaken of food at one place and there is the presence of oiliness on the body of the learned brāhmaṇa, he should not study the Vedas. He should not study while lying or with his legs stretched or with a cloth girt round his legs and knees [3] ; so also after having eaten flesh or the food at the śrāddha of a śūdra . Impurity for three nights is declared at the time of (fall of) mist, sound of an arrow, and at the time of both the twilights; so also on the new moon day and the fourteenth day; so also on the full moon day and the eighth day, for commencement or suspension of Vedic studies; so also the collection of three nights at the end of the season, beginning from the seventh day after the full moon. The wise have declared the collection of three days (7th, 8th and 9th) in the months of Pauṣa and Māgha and in the dark fortnights. A man should never study in the shadow of the ślaṣmātaka tree, so also of śālmali or madhūka ; so also in the shadow of kovidāra and kapittha . When one who is his student-friend or co-student has expired, or his preceptor is dead, impurity is said to be there for three nights. These flaws are said to be (the occasions for) suspension of study for the brāhmaṇas. During them the demons harm (men). Therefore (a brāhmaṇa) should avoid them. There is no suspension of the obligatory rites or offering the sandhyā -prayers. During the collection of the three days (7th, 8th, 9th) etc., or when the wind is blowing, he should not study a ṛc, or a yājus or sāmans at the beginning of Vedic studies, or at the end of a sacrifice or in the middle of it. There is no suspension of studies of the Vedāṅgas, Itihāsa , Purāṇas, and other religious texts. One should avoid these. This in brief is declared to be the course of conduct for a celibate (i.e. a religious student); it was formerly told by Brahmā to the sages who had purified their souls. A twice-born who, not studying the scriptures, strives for something else, is a fool. He is out of the Vedic fold and should not be talked to by twice-borns.
85b-90. A twice-born should not be satisfied merely by the recital of the Vedas. Merely ending his study with the recital of the Vedas, he sinks as a cow sinks in mud. He who duly studies (i.e. recites) the Veda, but does not reflect on its meaning, is a fool, almost a śūdra, and is not a worthy person. If he desires to stay permanently with the teacher, he should, being diligent, serve him till death. Going to the forest he should duly offer oblations into fire. In the same way, being devoted to Brahman and being calm, he should study everyday. Always being devoted, and engaged in eating begged food, he should always study the Gāyatrī, Śatarudriya and especially the Upaniṣads . About the Vedic knowledge this is an ancient statement which I have told you now and which the lord Svāyambhuva Manu , when asked by the best sages, told (them).
[1]: [1] : Vyāhṛti—A mystic word uttered by every Brāhmaṇa in performing his daily sandhyā-adoration. These syllables are three: Bhūr, Bhuvas and Svar, usually repeated after ‘Om’ (See Manu. 2.76). According to some, they are seven.
[2]: [2] : Ekoddiṣṭa—A Śrāddha or funeral rite performed for one definite individual deceased, not including other ancestors.
[3]: [3] : Avasakthikā—A cloth girt round the legs and knees (by a person), when sitting on his hams.
Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 43431, revision 335745 (2022-04-14T10:09:52Z). English is N. A. Deshpande’s complete translation, controlled against its chapter page at https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-padma-purana/d/doc365272.html and the ten-volume archival witness. The witnesses are aligned at chapter level; no unsupported verse-by-verse equivalence is asserted.