Uttara-khaṇḍa · Chapter 74
Sourceमहादेव उवाच- शृणु देवि प्रवक्ष्यामि धर्ममाहात्म्यमुत्तमम् । यच्छ्रुत्वा न पुनर्जन्म जायते भुवि कर्हिचित् १। धर्मादर्थं च कामं च मोक्षं चैतत्त्रयं लभेत् । तस्माद्धर्मं समीहेत विद्वान्यः स बुधः स्मृतः २। तपसा चैव दानेन व्रतेन नियमेन च । तपसा प्राप्यते स्वर्गः सात्विकेन तथैव च ३। इहायातो लभेद्राज्यं क्रोधलोभविवर्जितः । जन्मांतरेण मुक्तिः स्यात्पदं विंदति वैष्णवम् ४। तपसा राजसेनेह राजसश्चैव जायते । तप्त्वा तामसभावेन क्रूरकर्मा हि निष्ठुरः ५। तपस्तद्रक्षसां चोक्तं भुक्तिदं तामसात्मनाम् । यत्तप्तं सात्विकं चैव तत्तपो भवति ध्रुवम् ६। रजस्तमोभ्यां नियतं तपस्यां वने सतां वायुभुजां सुनिर्जने । तपस्विनां चैव धनादिवांच्छतां वनेऽपि दोषाः प्रभवंति रागिणाम् ७। गृहेऽपि पंचेंद्रियनिग्रहस्तपस्त्वकुत्सिते कर्मणि यः प्रवर्त्तते । निवृत्तरागस्य तपोवनं गृहं गृहाश्रमोऽतो गदितः स्वधर्मः ८। सुदुस्तरः सत्वजितेंद्रियाणां संहन्यते श्रेष्ठतमः शुभाश्रमः । गृहस्तु धर्मः प्रवरो मनीषिणां ब्रह्मादिभिश्चाभिहितो नगात्मजे ९। तप्त्वा तपस्वी विपिने क्षुधार्तो गृहं समायाति सदान्नदातुः । भक्त्या स चान्नं प्रददाति तस्मै तपोविभागं भजते हि तस्य १०। गृहाश्रमं ज्येष्ठमिहाश्रमाणां सम्यक्च यः पालयते मनुष्यः । इहैव भुंजन्समनुष्यभोगान्स्वर्गं प्रयातीति न संशयोऽत्र । गृहं सदा पालयतां नराणां पापं समायाति कथं हि देवि ११। गृहाश्रमः पुण्यतमः सर्वदा तीर्थवद्गृहम् । अस्मिन्गृहाश्रमे पुण्ये दानं देयं विशेषतः १२। देवानां पूजनं यत्र अतिथीनां च भोजनम् । पथिकानां च शरणं अतो धन्यतमो मतः १३। तद्गृहं तु समाश्रित्य येऽर्चयंति द्विजान्नराः । आयुर्लक्ष्मीस्तथा पुत्रा न हीयंते कदाचन १४। शृणु सुंदरि वक्ष्यामि महापापविशोधनम् । सर्वसंपत्करं दानं इहामुत्रफलप्रदम् १५। शुभेकाले समायाते समभ्यर्च्य स्वदैवतम् । नित्यं नैमित्तकं कृत्वा दद्याद्दानं स्वशक्तितः १६। गृहीत्वा परद्रव्यं च द्विजदेवेभ्य एव हि । दद्यात्स निरयं दृष्ट्वा पश्चाद्याति परां गतिम् १७। शतानीको यथा दानात्सपुत्रश्चैव तारितः । दत्त्वान्ये च द्विजेभ्यश्च स गंता धर्मतो दिवम् १८। धर्मस्थानेषु यैर्दत्तं तेषां धर्ममुदाहृतम् । शृणु देवि प्रवक्ष्यामि वित्तदानं समासतः १९। देहशुद्धिकरं दानं न भूतं न भविष्यति । पापहीनो येन पुमान्जायते नात्र संशयः २०। भोगान्भुक्त्वा ततश्चायं याति विष्णुं सनातनम् । पुरा वै ब्रह्मणा प्रोक्तं भार्गवाय महात्मने २१। पापयुक्ताय रामाय तुलावृषभमेव च । पापकर्मरतश्चैव भवबंधक्रियो नृपः २२। अभक्षभक्षणरता भ्रूणहा गुरुतल्पगः । एतेप्यनृतवादी च प्रसूयंते वियोनिषु २३। अयाज्ययाजनं कृत्वा याचयित्वा तु निंदितान् । सदा कोपसमायुक्ताः साधूनां पीडने रताः २४। विश्वासोपहताश्चैषामसुभिर्धर्मनिंदकाः । पापैरेभिः समायुक्ता ज्ञात्वात्मानं गतायुषम् २५। इति ज्ञात्वा तु तैर्देवि दानं देयं विशेषतः । बहवो धर्मकर्त्तारो वैष्णवा भुवि विश्रुताः २६। इति श्रीपाद्मे महापुराणे पंचपंचाशत्साहस्र्यां संहितायामुत्तरखंडे उमापतिनारदसंवादे दानधर्मोनाम चतुःसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः ७४।
mahādeva uvāca- śṛṇu devi pravakṣyāmi dharmamāhātmyamuttamam | yacchrutvā na punarjanma jāyate bhuvi karhicit 1| dharmādarthaṃ ca kāmaṃ ca mokṣaṃ caitattrayaṃ labhet | tasmāddharmaṃ samīheta vidvānyaḥ sa budhaḥ smṛtaḥ 2| tapasā caiva dānena vratena niyamena ca | tapasā prāpyate svargaḥ sātvikena tathaiva ca 3| ihāyāto labhedrājyaṃ krodhalobhavivarjitaḥ | janmāṃtareṇa muktiḥ syātpadaṃ viṃdati vaiṣṇavam 4| tapasā rājaseneha rājasaścaiva jāyate | taptvā tāmasabhāvena krūrakarmā hi niṣṭhuraḥ 5| tapastadrakṣasāṃ coktaṃ bhuktidaṃ tāmasātmanām | yattaptaṃ sātvikaṃ caiva tattapo bhavati dhruvam 6| rajastamobhyāṃ niyataṃ tapasyāṃ vane satāṃ vāyubhujāṃ sunirjane | tapasvināṃ caiva dhanādivāṃcchatāṃ vane'pi doṣāḥ prabhavaṃti rāgiṇām 7| gṛhe'pi paṃceṃdriyanigrahastapastvakutsite karmaṇi yaḥ pravarttate | nivṛttarāgasya tapovanaṃ gṛhaṃ gṛhāśramo'to gaditaḥ svadharmaḥ 8| sudustaraḥ satvajiteṃdriyāṇāṃ saṃhanyate śreṣṭhatamaḥ śubhāśramaḥ | gṛhastu dharmaḥ pravaro manīṣiṇāṃ brahmādibhiścābhihito nagātmaje 9| taptvā tapasvī vipine kṣudhārto gṛhaṃ samāyāti sadānnadātuḥ | bhaktyā sa cānnaṃ pradadāti tasmai tapovibhāgaṃ bhajate hi tasya 10| gṛhāśramaṃ jyeṣṭhamihāśramāṇāṃ samyakca yaḥ pālayate manuṣyaḥ | ihaiva bhuṃjansamanuṣyabhogānsvargaṃ prayātīti na saṃśayo'tra | gṛhaṃ sadā pālayatāṃ narāṇāṃ pāpaṃ samāyāti kathaṃ hi devi 11| gṛhāśramaḥ puṇyatamaḥ sarvadā tīrthavadgṛham | asmingṛhāśrame puṇye dānaṃ deyaṃ viśeṣataḥ 12| devānāṃ pūjanaṃ yatra atithīnāṃ ca bhojanam | pathikānāṃ ca śaraṇaṃ ato dhanyatamo mataḥ 13| tadgṛhaṃ tu samāśritya ye'rcayaṃti dvijānnarāḥ | āyurlakṣmīstathā putrā na hīyaṃte kadācana 14| śṛṇu suṃdari vakṣyāmi mahāpāpaviśodhanam | sarvasaṃpatkaraṃ dānaṃ ihāmutraphalapradam 15| śubhekāle samāyāte samabhyarcya svadaivatam | nityaṃ naimittakaṃ kṛtvā dadyāddānaṃ svaśaktitaḥ 16| gṛhītvā paradravyaṃ ca dvijadevebhya eva hi | dadyātsa nirayaṃ dṛṣṭvā paścādyāti parāṃ gatim 17| śatānīko yathā dānātsaputraścaiva tāritaḥ | dattvānye ca dvijebhyaśca sa gaṃtā dharmato divam 18| dharmasthāneṣu yairdattaṃ teṣāṃ dharmamudāhṛtam | śṛṇu devi pravakṣyāmi vittadānaṃ samāsataḥ 19| dehaśuddhikaraṃ dānaṃ na bhūtaṃ na bhaviṣyati | pāpahīno yena pumānjāyate nātra saṃśayaḥ 20| bhogānbhuktvā tataścāyaṃ yāti viṣṇuṃ sanātanam | purā vai brahmaṇā proktaṃ bhārgavāya mahātmane 21| pāpayuktāya rāmāya tulāvṛṣabhameva ca | pāpakarmarataścaiva bhavabaṃdhakriyo nṛpaḥ 22| abhakṣabhakṣaṇaratā bhrūṇahā gurutalpagaḥ | etepyanṛtavādī ca prasūyaṃte viyoniṣu 23| ayājyayājanaṃ kṛtvā yācayitvā tu niṃditān | sadā kopasamāyuktāḥ sādhūnāṃ pīḍane ratāḥ 24| viśvāsopahatāścaiṣāmasubhirdharmaniṃdakāḥ | pāpairebhiḥ samāyuktā jñātvātmānaṃ gatāyuṣam 25| iti jñātvā tu tairdevi dānaṃ deyaṃ viśeṣataḥ | bahavo dharmakarttāro vaiṣṇavā bhuvi viśrutāḥ 26| iti śrīpādme mahāpurāṇe paṃcapaṃcāśatsāhasryāṃ saṃhitāyāmuttarakhaṃḍe umāpatināradasaṃvāde dānadharmonāma catuḥsaptatitamo'dhyāyaḥ 74|
English translation
Mahādeva said :
1-9a. O goddess, listen. I shall explain to you righteousness ( dharma ) (the excellent way of life), hearing which a man is never born on the earth. From righteousness a man would get the triad of material welfare ( artha ), satisfaction of desires ( kāma ) and salvation ( mokṣa ). Therefore, that learned man who would desire righteousness through penance, gifts, vows and restraints, is said to be wise. Similarly by means of sincere penance heaven is obtained. He who has come here (i.e. is born on the earth) and is free from anger and greed, would have salvation after an existence and obtains Viṣṇu ’s position. He becomes passionate ( rājasa ) by means of penance practised through passion ( rajas ). By means of vicious ( tāmasa ) (or ignorant) penance he becomes hard-hearted ( tāmasa ) and does cruel deeds. That is said to be the penance of the demons, giving salvation to those who are of a vicious nature. That penance which is righteous ( sāttvika ) is permanent. Even in a forest blemishes do occur in the case of the passionate one, desiring wealth etc., being controlled by ( rajas ) and ignorance ( tamas ), living in a solitary forest, and subsisting on air. Control over the five senses (practised) even at home is (also) a penance. For him who is not engaged in condemned acts and who is detached from passions, his house is a penance-grove. The householder’s stage is said to be (a man’s) own duty. It is very difficult to be overcome by (even) those who have restrained their senses. That, best auspicious stage (of life) is affected.
9b-15. O you daughter of the ( Himālaya ) mountain, the householder’s stage of life is said to be excellent for the wise ones by Brahmā and others. An ascetic after practising penance in a forest and being oppressed by hunger, comes to the house of a food-giver. With devotion he (i.e. the food-giver) gives him food and gets a portion (of the fruit) of his penance. There is no doubt that the man who properly follows the householder’s stage, the best on the earth, enjoys human pleasures here (i.e. in this world) and goes to heaven. O goddess, how can sin come to them who always practise (the duties of) a (householder)? The householder’s stage is most meritorious. A house is always like a sacred place. In this meritorious stage of a householder gifts should be especially given. In it worship of deities is practised, food is given to guests; it is the refuge of guests. Therefore, it is said to be most blessed. Those men who having resorted to a house(-holder’s stage) honour brāhmaṇas , never lack in (long) life, wealth, so also sons. O beautiful lady, listen. I shall tell (you about) a gift which cleanses all great sins, which brings about every (kind of) wealth, and which gives fruit in this world and in the next.
16-26. When an auspicious time has come, a man, after having duly worshipped his deity, and having performed his obligatory and occasional (duties), should give a gift according to his own capacity. He who having snatched another’s wealth would give it to brāhmaṇas and deities, would after seeing (i.e. having gone to) hell, go to the highest position, as Śatānīka was emancipated along with his sons due to having given gifts. So also after having given (gifts) to brāhmaṇas, he will go to heaven as a result of his righteousness. The religious merit of those who have given (gifts) at holy places, has been told. O goddess, listen. I shall tell (you) in bnef about the gift of wealth. (Such) a gift purifying the body was never there, nor will be there. Due to it a man becomes free from sins. There is no doubt about it. Having enjoyed pleasures, he then goes to the ancient Viṣṇu. Formerly it was narrated by Brahmā to the magnanimous Bhārgava Rāma , full of sin. During the Sun’s passing through Libra and Taurus, the king was engaged in a sinful act. He indulged in killing and binding (men). He was engaged in eating what ought not to be eaten. He caused abortions and violated his preceptor’s wife. These and a liar are born in bad stocks. They perform sacrifices for those for whom they should not be performed; they ask for (gifts) from the censurable ones; they are always angry; and are always engaged in troubling the good. They are destroyed through faith, and with their life condemn righteousness. They are full of sins and know that they are dead (i.e. they would soon die). Knowing this, O goddess, they should especially give gifts. On the earth many devotees of Viṣṇu practising righteousness are well-known on the earth.
Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 44646, revision 336470 (2022-04-22T22:42:52Z). English is N. A. Deshpande’s complete translation, controlled against its chapter page at https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-padma-purana/d/doc365651.html and the ten-volume archival witness. The witnesses are aligned at chapter level; no unsupported verse-by-verse equivalence is asserted.