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Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa · Chapter 54

Chapter 54

Unit 54 of 693Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa · Chapter 54Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa · Chapter 541 source entries

Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa · Chapter 54

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श्रीभगवानुवाच। अद्रोहकस्य चाख्यातो महिमा लोकदुःसहः। एकतल्पगतां वामां क्षांत्वा सर्वजितोऽभवत्१। ज्ञानिनामपिदुःसाध्यं मुनीनां ब्रह्मचारिणां। सुरासुरमनुष्याणां विषमं तत्समं गतः२। स्वभावाद्विषमं कामं जेतुं कः पुरुषः क्षमः। अद्रोहकमृते विप्र स एव भवजित्पुमान्३। अहल्याहरणादेव सुरेशस्य भगांकता। पुनर्देव्याः प्रसादाच्च सहस्राक्षेति विश्रुतः४। विदितं सर्वलोके च त्रैलोक्ये सचराचरे। द्विज उवाच- कथं च देवदेवस्य अहल्याहरणं प्रभो५। भगांकत्वं च संप्राप सहस्राक्षः सुराधिपः। न गां कोपि भगांकत्वं संप्राप्तस्सुरराट्कथम्६। दुःश्रुतं सुरवैकल्यं श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्वतः। श्रीभगवानुवाच- पुरा स्वांतोद्भवां कन्यां लोकेशश्च महामनाः७। गौतमाय ददौ धाता लोकपालाग्रतो मुदा। ततस्तु लोकपालानां मन्मथाविष्टचेतसाम्८। शचीपतेस्तु संमोहो हृदि शल्य इव स्थितः। लोकपालानतिक्रम्य सुवेषा वरवर्णिनी९। द्विजाय रत्नभूतैषा दत्ता किंवा करोम्यहम्। इति संचिंत्य तस्यास्तु वर्तमाने च यौवने१०। पुनश्च मायया दृष्टं रूपं तस्यास्सुशोभनम्। पुनश्चिन्तयमानोऽसौ गौतमाध्यासनं गतः११। पश्चात्तु तस्य गमनाद्यद्वृत्तं तच्छृणुष्व मे। एकदा गौतमः स्नातुं गतोऽसौ पुष्करं प्रति१२। साध्वी च गृहशौचे च गृहवस्तुनि तत्परा। प्रवृत्ता देववास्तूनां बलिकर्तुं च तत्परा१३। इंधनं वह्निकार्यं च नित्यकर्मानुसंचयम्। एतस्मिन्नंतरे शक्रो मुनेस्तस्य महात्मनः१४। रूपमास्थाय गात्रेण प्रविवेशोटजं मुदा। पतिव्रता पतिं दृष्ट्वा श्रद्धया परया सती१५। देवस्थाने च वस्तूनां संचयं कर्तुमुद्यता। ततस्तामब्रवीदार्तो मुनिवेषधरो हरिः१६। प्रद्युम्नवशगो वामे देहि मे चुंबनादिकम्। एतस्मिन्नंतरे सा च त्रपायुक्ताऽब्रवीद्वचः१७। देवकार्यादिकं त्यक्त्वा वक्तुं नार्हसि मे प्रभो। सर्वं जानासि धर्मज्ञ पुण्यानां निश्चयं मुने१८। अयमर्थो हि वेलायामधुनैव न युज्यते। ततस्तां चारुसर्वांगीं दृष्ट्वा मन्मथपीडितः१९। अलं प्रियेन वक्तव्यं हृच्छयो मे प्रजायते। कर्तव्यं चाप्यकर्तव्यं पत्युर्वचनसंमतम्२०। करोति सततं या च सा च नारी पतिव्रता। लंघयेद्या च तस्याज्ञां सुरते च विशेषतः२१। पुण्यं तस्या भवेन्नष्टं दुर्गतिं चाधिगच्छति। साब्रवीद्देववस्तूनि संति देवार्थतो मुने२२। नित्यकर्माणि चान्यानि किं वा तेषु विपर्ययः। स चोवाच सतीं तत्र देह्यालिगादिकं मम२३। मनसा भयमुत्सृज्य मया दत्तानि तानि च। इत्युक्त्वा तां परिष्वज्य कृतस्तेन मनोरथः२४। एतस्मिन्नंतरे विप्र मुनेर्हृद्या सकल्मषम्। ततो ध्यानं समारभ्याजानाद्वृत्तं शचीपतेः२५। तूर्णमेव द्वारदेशे गत्वा च समुपस्थितः। शक्रो मुनिं तु संलक्ष्य चौतुदेहं विवेश ह२६। गच्छतः पृषदंशस्य पद्धतौ प्रचचाल ह। मुनिस्तत्रावदत्तं वै कस्त्वं मार्जाररूपधृत्२७। भयात्तस्य मुनेरग्रे शक्रः प्रांजलिराश्रितः। मघवंतं पुरो दृष्ट्वा चुकोप मुनिपुंगवः२८। यत्त्वया चेदृशं कर्म भगार्थं छलसाहसम्। कृतं तस्मात्तवांगेषु सहस्रभगमुत्तमम्२९। भवत्विह तु पापिष्ठ लिंगं ते निपतिष्यति। गच्छ मे पुरतो मूढ सुरस्थानं दिवौकसः३०। पश्यंति मुनिशार्दूला नराः सिद्धास्सहोरगाः। एवमुक्त्वा मुनिश्रेष्ठो रुदंतीं तां पतिव्रताम्३१। पप्रच्छ किमिदानीं ते कर्म दारुणमागतम्। इत्युक्ता वेपमाना सा भीता पतिमुवाच ह३२। अज्ञानाद्यत्कृतं कर्म क्षंतुमर्हसि वै प्रभो। मुनिरुवाच- परेणाभिगतासि त्वममेध्या पापचारिणी३३। अस्थिचर्मसमाविष्टा निर्मांसा नखवर्जिता। चिरं स्थास्यसि चैकापि त्वां पश्यंतु जनाः स्त्रियः३४। दुःखिता तमुवाचेदं शापस्यांतो विधीयताम्। इत्युक्ते करुणाविष्टो मन्युनापि परिप्लुतः३५। जगाद गौतमो वाक्यं रामो दाशरथिर्यदा। वनमभ्यागतो विष्णुः सीतालक्ष्मणसंयुतः३६। दृष्ट्वा त्वां दुःखितां शुष्कां निर्देहां पथिसंस्थितां। गदिष्यति च वै रामो वसिष्ठस्याग्रतो हसन्३७। किमियं शुष्करूपा च प्रतिमास्थिमयी शवा। न दृष्टं मे पुरा ब्रह्मन्रूपं लोकविपर्ययम्३८। ततो रामं महाभागं विष्णुं मानुषविग्रहम्। यद्वृत्तमासीत्पूर्वं तद्वसिष्ठः कथयिष्यति३९। वसिष्ठवचनं श्रुत्वा रामो वक्ष्यति धर्मवित्। अस्या दोषो न चैवास्ति दोषोयं पाकशासने४०। एवमुक्ते तु रामेण त्यक्त्वा रूपं जुगुप्सितं। दिव्यं रूपं समास्थाय मद्गृहं चागमिष्यसि४१। शप्त्वा तु गौतमस्तां हि तपस्तप्तुं गतो वनम्। ततोत्यंतं शुष्करूपा तथैव पथि संस्थिता४२। रामस्य वचनादेव गौतमं पुनरागता। गौतमोपि तया सार्द्धमद्यैवं दिवि तिष्ठति४३। इंद्रोपि त्रपयायुक्तः स्थितश्चांतर्जले चिरम्। स्थित्वा चांतर्जले देवीमस्तौदिंद्राक्षिसंज्ञिताम्४४। सुप्रसन्ना ततो देवी स्तोत्रेण परितोषिता। गत्वोवाच ततः सा च वरोस्मत्तो विगृह्यताम्४५। ततो देवीमुवाचेदं शक्रः परपुरंजयः। त्वत्प्रसादाच्च मे देवि वैरूप्यं मुनिशापजम्४६। संत्यज्य देवराज्यं च लब्ध्वाहं तु पुरा यथा। तमुवाच ततो देवी पापं तं मुनिशापजम्४। किंतु बुद्धिं सृजाम्यद्य येन लोकैर्न लक्ष्यते४८। योनिमध्यगतं दृष्टि सहस्रं ते भविष्यति। सहस्राक्ष इति ख्यातस्सुरराज्यं करिष्यसि४९। मेषांडं तव शिश्नं च भविष्यति च मद्वरात्। इत्युक्त्वा सा जगन्माता तत्रैवांतरधीयत५० 1.54.50। शक्रो देववरैः पूज्यो ह्यद्यापि दिवि वर्तते। इंद्रस्यैतादृशी कामादवस्था द्विजसत्तम५१। इति श्रीपाद्मपुराणे प्रथमे सृष्टिखंडे अहल्याहरणंनाम चतुष्पंचाशत्तमोऽध्यायः५४।

śrībhagavānuvāca| adrohakasya cākhyāto mahimā lokaduḥsahaḥ| ekatalpagatāṃ vāmāṃ kṣāṃtvā sarvajito'bhavat1| jñānināmapiduḥsādhyaṃ munīnāṃ brahmacāriṇāṃ| surāsuramanuṣyāṇāṃ viṣamaṃ tatsamaṃ gataḥ2| svabhāvādviṣamaṃ kāmaṃ jetuṃ kaḥ puruṣaḥ kṣamaḥ| adrohakamṛte vipra sa eva bhavajitpumān3| ahalyāharaṇādeva sureśasya bhagāṃkatā| punardevyāḥ prasādācca sahasrākṣeti viśrutaḥ4| viditaṃ sarvaloke ca trailokye sacarācare| dvija uvāca- kathaṃ ca devadevasya ahalyāharaṇaṃ prabho5| bhagāṃkatvaṃ ca saṃprāpa sahasrākṣaḥ surādhipaḥ| na gāṃ kopi bhagāṃkatvaṃ saṃprāptassurarāṭkatham6| duḥśrutaṃ suravaikalyaṃ śrotumicchāmi tatvataḥ| śrībhagavānuvāca- purā svāṃtodbhavāṃ kanyāṃ lokeśaśca mahāmanāḥ7| gautamāya dadau dhātā lokapālāgrato mudā| tatastu lokapālānāṃ manmathāviṣṭacetasām8| śacīpatestu saṃmoho hṛdi śalya iva sthitaḥ| lokapālānatikramya suveṣā varavarṇinī9| dvijāya ratnabhūtaiṣā dattā kiṃvā karomyaham| iti saṃciṃtya tasyāstu vartamāne ca yauvane10| punaśca māyayā dṛṣṭaṃ rūpaṃ tasyāssuśobhanam| punaścintayamāno'sau gautamādhyāsanaṃ gataḥ11| paścāttu tasya gamanādyadvṛttaṃ tacchṛṇuṣva me| ekadā gautamaḥ snātuṃ gato'sau puṣkaraṃ prati12| sādhvī ca gṛhaśauce ca gṛhavastuni tatparā| pravṛttā devavāstūnāṃ balikartuṃ ca tatparā13| iṃdhanaṃ vahnikāryaṃ ca nityakarmānusaṃcayam| etasminnaṃtare śakro munestasya mahātmanaḥ14| rūpamāsthāya gātreṇa praviveśoṭajaṃ mudā| pativratā patiṃ dṛṣṭvā śraddhayā parayā satī15| devasthāne ca vastūnāṃ saṃcayaṃ kartumudyatā| tatastāmabravīdārto muniveṣadharo hariḥ16| pradyumnavaśago vāme dehi me cuṃbanādikam| etasminnaṃtare sā ca trapāyuktā'bravīdvacaḥ17| devakāryādikaṃ tyaktvā vaktuṃ nārhasi me prabho| sarvaṃ jānāsi dharmajña puṇyānāṃ niścayaṃ mune18| ayamartho hi velāyāmadhunaiva na yujyate| tatastāṃ cārusarvāṃgīṃ dṛṣṭvā manmathapīḍitaḥ19| alaṃ priyena vaktavyaṃ hṛcchayo me prajāyate| kartavyaṃ cāpyakartavyaṃ patyurvacanasaṃmatam20| karoti satataṃ yā ca sā ca nārī pativratā| laṃghayedyā ca tasyājñāṃ surate ca viśeṣataḥ21| puṇyaṃ tasyā bhavennaṣṭaṃ durgatiṃ cādhigacchati| sābravīddevavastūni saṃti devārthato mune22| nityakarmāṇi cānyāni kiṃ vā teṣu viparyayaḥ| sa covāca satīṃ tatra dehyāligādikaṃ mama23| manasā bhayamutsṛjya mayā dattāni tāni ca| ityuktvā tāṃ pariṣvajya kṛtastena manorathaḥ24| etasminnaṃtare vipra munerhṛdyā sakalmaṣam| tato dhyānaṃ samārabhyājānādvṛttaṃ śacīpateḥ25| tūrṇameva dvāradeśe gatvā ca samupasthitaḥ| śakro muniṃ tu saṃlakṣya cautudehaṃ viveśa ha26| gacchataḥ pṛṣadaṃśasya paddhatau pracacāla ha| munistatrāvadattaṃ vai kastvaṃ mārjārarūpadhṛt27| bhayāttasya muneragre śakraḥ prāṃjalirāśritaḥ| maghavaṃtaṃ puro dṛṣṭvā cukopa munipuṃgavaḥ28| yattvayā cedṛśaṃ karma bhagārthaṃ chalasāhasam| kṛtaṃ tasmāttavāṃgeṣu sahasrabhagamuttamam29| bhavatviha tu pāpiṣṭha liṃgaṃ te nipatiṣyati| gaccha me purato mūḍha surasthānaṃ divaukasaḥ30| paśyaṃti muniśārdūlā narāḥ siddhāssahoragāḥ| evamuktvā muniśreṣṭho rudaṃtīṃ tāṃ pativratām31| papraccha kimidānīṃ te karma dāruṇamāgatam| ityuktā vepamānā sā bhītā patimuvāca ha32| ajñānādyatkṛtaṃ karma kṣaṃtumarhasi vai prabho| muniruvāca- pareṇābhigatāsi tvamamedhyā pāpacāriṇī33| asthicarmasamāviṣṭā nirmāṃsā nakhavarjitā| ciraṃ sthāsyasi caikāpi tvāṃ paśyaṃtu janāḥ striyaḥ34| duḥkhitā tamuvācedaṃ śāpasyāṃto vidhīyatām| ityukte karuṇāviṣṭo manyunāpi pariplutaḥ35| jagāda gautamo vākyaṃ rāmo dāśarathiryadā| vanamabhyāgato viṣṇuḥ sītālakṣmaṇasaṃyutaḥ36| dṛṣṭvā tvāṃ duḥkhitāṃ śuṣkāṃ nirdehāṃ pathisaṃsthitāṃ| gadiṣyati ca vai rāmo vasiṣṭhasyāgrato hasan37| kimiyaṃ śuṣkarūpā ca pratimāsthimayī śavā| na dṛṣṭaṃ me purā brahmanrūpaṃ lokaviparyayam38| tato rāmaṃ mahābhāgaṃ viṣṇuṃ mānuṣavigraham| yadvṛttamāsītpūrvaṃ tadvasiṣṭhaḥ kathayiṣyati39| vasiṣṭhavacanaṃ śrutvā rāmo vakṣyati dharmavit| asyā doṣo na caivāsti doṣoyaṃ pākaśāsane40| evamukte tu rāmeṇa tyaktvā rūpaṃ jugupsitaṃ| divyaṃ rūpaṃ samāsthāya madgṛhaṃ cāgamiṣyasi41| śaptvā tu gautamastāṃ hi tapastaptuṃ gato vanam| tatotyaṃtaṃ śuṣkarūpā tathaiva pathi saṃsthitā42| rāmasya vacanādeva gautamaṃ punarāgatā| gautamopi tayā sārddhamadyaivaṃ divi tiṣṭhati43| iṃdropi trapayāyuktaḥ sthitaścāṃtarjale ciram| sthitvā cāṃtarjale devīmastaudiṃdrākṣisaṃjñitām44| suprasannā tato devī stotreṇa paritoṣitā| gatvovāca tataḥ sā ca varosmatto vigṛhyatām45| tato devīmuvācedaṃ śakraḥ parapuraṃjayaḥ| tvatprasādācca me devi vairūpyaṃ muniśāpajam46| saṃtyajya devarājyaṃ ca labdhvāhaṃ tu purā yathā| tamuvāca tato devī pāpaṃ taṃ muniśāpajam4| kiṃtu buddhiṃ sṛjāmyadya yena lokairna lakṣyate48| yonimadhyagataṃ dṛṣṭi sahasraṃ te bhaviṣyati| sahasrākṣa iti khyātassurarājyaṃ kariṣyasi49| meṣāṃḍaṃ tava śiśnaṃ ca bhaviṣyati ca madvarāt| ityuktvā sā jaganmātā tatraivāṃtaradhīyata50 1.54.50| śakro devavaraiḥ pūjyo hyadyāpi divi vartate| iṃdrasyaitādṛśī kāmādavasthā dvijasattama51| iti śrīpādmapurāṇe prathame sṛṣṭikhaṃḍe ahalyāharaṇaṃnāma catuṣpaṃcāśattamo'dhyāyaḥ54|

English translation

The lord said :

1. (I have) told (you) about Adrohaka’s greatness, unbearable to the people. Having resisted (the temptation of cohabiting with) a woman occupying the same bed, he conquered everything.

2. He made convenient (i.e. easy) what was difficult to be accomplished by the wise, and by the celibate sages, and which was difficult for gods, demons and men.

3. Which man, but Adrohaka, is capable of conquering the sexual desire, which is naturally difficult (to overcome)? O brāhmaṇa , he (i.e. Adrohaka) aloneis a man who has conquered everything.

4-5a. Sureśa (i.e. Indra ) had vaginal marks (on his body) because of having outraged Ahalyā only. Then again, due to the favour of Goddess (Indrākṣī), he, became well-known as Sahasrākṣa (one having a thousand eyes). This is known in the entire mobile and immobile world.

The brāhmaṇa said :

5b-7a. O lord, how did the god of gods outrage Ahalyā? How did he, the lord of gods, after having the vaginal marks (on his body) become Sahasrākṣa (i.e. having a thousand eyes on his body)? How did the lord of gods whose body was bright like the sun, become one whose body had vaginal marks on it? I desire to hear accurately how (this) weakness of the god became notorious.

The lord said :

7b-8a. Formerly, the large-minded lord of the worlds, the Creator, gladly gave his mind-born daughter to Gautama in the presence of the regents of the quarters.

8b-9a. Since then in the hearts of the regents of the quarters, with their minds overcome with the passion of love, and in the heart of the lord of Śacī (i.e. Indra) fascination for her has remained like a dart.

9b-10a. ‘This (young girl) who is a gem (among women) and who is well-dressed and of an excellent complexion, is given to a brāhmaṇa, by disregarding the regents of quarters. What shall I do now?’

10b-11. Thinking like this, (Indra) again saw her excellent form when she was in youth, through Maya (magical power). Thinking again, he went to the place of Gautama.

12. Listen from me (i.e. as I tell you) what happened after he had gone there. That (sage) Gautama once went for a bath to Puṣkara .

13. The chaste wife was engrossed in cleansing the house and (arranging) household things. She was intent upon preparing the offering to the deities and (the lord of) dwelling.

14-16. She (kept ready) the fuel for the sacrificial rite, and collected things for (her husband’s) daily rites. In the meanwhile, Indra assumed the form of the great sage and gladly entered the (sage’s) hut. The chaste and loyal wife, seeing her husband became active to collect things with faith at the chamber (where the images) of the deities (were placed). Then Indra, who had taken up the sage’s form, and who was excited, said to her:

17. “I am overcome with the passion of love; give me a kiss etc.” In the meanwhile (i.e. at that time), she bashfully said (these) words:

18-19a. “O lord, please do not ask me to give up the acts etc. (being done) for the deities. O sage, O you who know dharma , (please) do not ask me to give up the acts (being done by me) for the deities and the like. You know the entire purpose of pious deeds. This desire at this time, now, is not proper.”

19b-22a. Then he, who seeing her all-beautiful form was overpowered by the passion of love (said to her:) “O darling, enough (of such words); (please) do not talk (like this). A dart has come up in my heart. That woman is a loyal, faithful and devoted wife, who always does what should and should not be done in accordance with what the husband says. She who disobeys his order, especially at (i.e. for) coitus, has her religious merit lost, and she meets with misfortune.”

22b-23a. She said: “O sage, things required for theworship of gods are (kept ready). Other daily pieces of work are also done. Why do you want to make a change in them?”

23b-24. He said to the chaste woman there: “Give me an embrace etc., by giving up the fear in your mind, as I had given them to you.” Thus speaking to her, he embraced her, and did what he had desired.

25-26a. In the meanwhile, O brāhmaṇa, the sage, after he had started his meditation, understood the sinful deed of Indra. Quickly he went (back) and stood at the region of the door.

26b-27. Indra, seeing the sage, entered a cat’s body; and walked in the manner of the wind (i.e. fast). The sage said to (i.e. asked) him there: “Who are you, who have taken up a cat’s form?”

28. Due to fear, Indra stood with palms of his hands joined, before the sage. Seeing Indra before him, the best sage became angry.

29-3la. (The sage said:) “Since for amorous pleasure, you have done such a fraudulent and rash act, therefore, there will be a thousand vaginas on the limbs (of your body). O you most sinful one, your genital organ shall fall here (only). O fool, get (away) from my presence to the heavenly abode of gods: Best sages, men, and Siddhas with serpents (will) see you.”

31b-32a. Speaking thus (to Indra), that greatest sage asked that loyal, devoted wife, who was weeping. (He said:) “What a terrible deed you have met with now?”

32b-33a. She, thus addressed, and frightened and trembling, said to her husband: “O lord, (please) forgive me (for) the deed which I did through ignorance.”

The sage said :

33b-34. You have been approached by a stranger (i.e. a stranger has cohabited with you). You are, (therefore) impure and sinful. You will remain all alone for a long time pervaded (only) with bones, but without flesh and nails. Let men and women see you (in that condition).

35-37. She, who was afflicted, said to him: “(Please) bring about the end of the curse”. When she spoke thus, the sage Gautama, who was overwhelmed with pity, and also overpowered with anger, said (these) words: “When Daśaratha ’s son Rāma , (the incarnation of) Viṣṇu , will come to the forest with Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa and seeing you remaining on the path, afflicted, dry and bodiless (i.e. just a skeleton), he, laughing, will say in the presence of Vasiṣṭha :

38. ‘Why is this form dry, of the form of bones and (like) a dead body? I have, O brāhmaṇa, never before seen such a form (a like of which) does not exist in the world.’

39-40. Then Vasiṣṭha will tell the old account as it had taken place to the illustrious Rama , i. e. Viṣṇu, who would take up a human form. Hearing the words of Vasiṣṭha, Rāma, well-versed in the code of conduct will say: 'She is absolutely faultless. It is the fault of Indra.’

41. When Rāma will speak thus, you [1] will give up your censured form, and taking up a divine form, you will come (back) to my house.”

42-43. Gautama, having thus cursed her, went to a forest to practise penance. Then she, of an extremely dry form, lay on the path like that (i.e. as was said by Gautama). And as a result of Rama’s words, she came back to Gautama. Gautama too dwells with her in heaven today.

44. Indra too, being ashamed, remained in water for a long time. Remaining in water, he eulogized the goddess called Indrākṣī.

45. The goddess delighted by his eulogy, and being very much pleased, went and said to him: “Take a boon from me.”

46-47a. Then Indra, the conqueror of enemies’ cities, said to her: “O goddess, due to your favour, I may give up the ugly form caused by the sage’s curse, and may, as before, get (back) the kingdom of gods.”

47b-50a. To him the goddess said: “O lord of gods, to destroy that blemish caused by thesage’s curse, gods like Brahmā alone are capable, I am not able (to do so). But I shall find out such an idea as you will (i.e. your sores will) not be noticed by people. You will have a thousand eyes which will have a thousand (forms resembling) vulva; (and) being famous as ‘Thousand-eyed’ you will rule well over (your) kingdom; and due to my boon your penis will be like a goat’s scrotum.”

50b. Saying so, the mother of the world vanished there only. Indra, adored by best gods, still lives in heaven. O best brāhmaṇa, such was Indra’s condition due to lust.

[1]: [1] : The story of Ahalyā, slightly differs from its popular version based on the Rāmāyaṇa account, where, as a result of Gautama’s curse, she turns into a stone. The goddess Indrākṣī again (v. 44) does not appear in the Rāmāyaṇa.

Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 36838, revision 334566 (2022-04-06T03:16:03Z). English is N. A. Deshpande’s complete translation, controlled against its chapter page at https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-padma-purana/d/doc364177.html and the ten-volume archival witness. The witnesses are aligned at chapter level; no unsupported verse-by-verse equivalence is asserted.