Svarga-khaṇḍa · Chapter 57
Sourceव्यास उवाच- अथातः संप्रवक्ष्यामि दानधर्म्ममनुत्तमम् । ब्रह्मणाभिहितं पूर्वमृषीणां ब्रह्मवादिनाम् १। अर्थानामुचितं पात्रे श्रद्धया प्रतिपादनम् । दानमित्यभिनिर्दिष्टं भुक्तिमुक्तिफलप्रदम् २। यो ददाति विशिष्टेभ्यः श्रद्धया परया युतः । तद्वै दत्तमहं मन्ये शेषं कस्यापि रक्षति ३। नित्यं नैमित्तिकं काम्यं त्रिविधं दानमुच्यते । चतुर्थं विमलं प्रोक्तं सर्वदानोत्तमोत्तमम् ४। अहन्यहनि यत्किंचिद्दीयते नुपकारिणे । अनुद्दिश्यफलं तस्माद्ब्राह्मणाय तु नित्यकम् ५। यत्तु पापोपशांत्यर्थं दीयते विदुषां करे । नैमित्तिकं तदुद्दिष्टं दानं सद्भिरनुत्तमम् ६। अपत्यविजयैश्वर्य सुखार्थं यत्प्रदीयते । दानं तत्काम्यमाख्यातमृषिभिर्धर्मचिंतकैः ७। यदीश्वरस्य प्रीत्यर्थं ब्रह्मवित्सु प्रदीयते । चेतसा धर्मयुक्तेन दानं तद्विमलं शिवम् ८। दानधर्मं निषेवेत पात्रमासाद्य शक्तितः । उपास्यते तु तत्पात्रं यत्तारयति सर्वतः ९। कुटुंबभुक्तिवसनाद्देयं यदतिरिच्यते । अन्यथा दीयते यद्वै न तद्दानं फलप्रदम् १०। श्रोत्रियाय कुलीनाय विनीताय तपस्विने । व्रतस्थाय दरिद्राय प्रदेयं भक्तिपूर्वकम् ११। यस्तु दद्यान्महीं भक्त्या ब्राह्मणायाहिताग्नये । स याति परमं स्थानं यत्र गत्वा न शोचति १२। इक्षुभिः संयुतां भूमिं यवगोधूमशालिनीम् । ददाति वेदविदुषे यः स भूयो न जायते १३। गोचर्ममात्रामपि वा यो भूमिं संप्रयच्छति । ब्राह्मणाय दरिद्राय सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते १४। भूमिदानात्परं दानं विद्यते नेह किंचन । अन्नदानं तेन तुल्यं विद्यादानं ततोधिकम् १५। यो ब्राह्मणाय शांताय शुचये धर्मशीलिने । ददाति विद्यां विधिना ब्रह्मलोके महीयते १६। दद्यादहरहः स्वर्णं श्रद्धया ब्रह्मचारिणे । सर्वपापविनिर्मुक्तो ब्रह्मणः स्थानमाप्नुयात् १७। गृहस्थायान्नदानेन फलमाप्नोति मानवः । अन्नमेवास्य दातव्यं दत्वाप्नोति परां गतिम् १८। वैशाख्यां पूर्णमास्यां तु ब्राह्मणान्सप्त पंच वा । उपोष्य विधिना शांतः शुचिः प्रयतमानसः १९। पूजयित्वा तिलैः कृष्णैर्मधुना च विशेषतः । प्रीयतां धर्मराजेति यदा मनसि वर्त्तते २०। यावज्जीवं तु यत्पापं तत्क्षणादेव नश्यति । कृष्णाजिने तिलान्कृत्वा हिरण्यं मधुसर्पिषी २१। ददाति यस्तु विप्राय सर्वं तरति दुष्कृतम् । घृतान्नमुदकुंभं च वैशाख्यां तु विशेषतः २२। निर्द्दिश्य धर्मराजाय विप्रेभ्यो मुच्यते भयात् । सुवर्णतिलयुक्तैस्तु ब्राह्मणान्सप्त पंच वा २३। तर्पयेदुदपात्रैस्तु ब्रह्महत्यां व्यपोहति । माघमासे तमिस्रे तु द्वादश्यां समुपोषितः २४। शुक्लांबरधरः कृष्णैस्तिलैर्हुत्वा हुताशनम् । प्रदद्याद्ब्राह्मणेभ्यस्तु तिलानेव समाहितः २५। जन्मप्रभृति यत्पापं सर्वं तरति वै द्विजः । अमावास्यामनुप्राप्य ब्राह्मणाय तपस्विने २६। यत्किंचिद्देवदेवेशं दद्याच्चोद्दिश्य केशवम् । प्रीयतामीश्वरो विष्णुर्हृषीकेशः सनातनः २७। सप्तजन्मकृतं पापं तत्क्षणादेव नश्यति । यस्तु कृष्णचतुर्दश्यां स्नात्वा देवं पिनाकिनम् २८। आराधयेद्द्विजमुखेन तस्यास्ति पुनर्भवः । कृष्णाष्टम्यां विशेषेण धार्मिकाय द्विजातये २९। स्नात्वाभ्यर्च्य यथान्यायं पादप्रक्षालनादिभिः । प्रीयतां मे महादेवो दद्याद्द्रव्यं स्वकीयकम् ३०। सर्वपापविनिर्मुक्तः प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम् । द्विजैः कृष्णचतुर्दश्यां कृष्णाष्टम्यां विशेषतः ३१। अमावास्यां तथा भक्तैः पूजनीयस्त्रिविक्रमः । एकादश्यां निराहारो द्वादश्यां पुरुषोत्तमम् ३२। अर्चयेद्ब्राह्मणमुखे स गच्छेत्परमं पदम् । एषा तिथिर्वैष्णवी स्याद्द्वादशी शुक्लपक्षतः ३३। तस्यामाराधयेद्देवं प्रयत्नेन जनार्दनम् । यत्किंचिद्देवमीशानमुद्दिश्य ब्राह्मणे शुचौ ३४। दीयते विष्णुमेवापि तदनंतफलं स्मृतम् । यो हि यां देवतामिच्छेत्समाराधयितुं नरः ३५। ब्राह्मणान्पूजयेद्यत्नात्स तस्यास्तोषयेत्ततः । द्विजानां वपुरास्थाय नित्यं तिष्ठंति देवताः ३६। पूज्यंते ब्राह्मणा लाभे प्रतिमादिषु तैः क्वचित् । प्रतिमादिषु यत्नेन तस्मात्फलमभीप्सता ३७। द्विजेषु देवता नित्यं पूजनीया विशेषतः । विभूतिकामः सततं पूजयेद्धि पुरंदरम् ३८। ब्रह्मवर्चसकामस्तु ब्रह्माणं ज्ञानकामुकः । आरोग्यकामोथ रविं धनकामो हुताशनम् ३९। कर्म्मणां सिद्धिकामस्तु पूजयेद्वै विनायकम् । भोगकामस्तु शशिनं बलकामः समीरणम् ४०। मुमुक्षुः सर्वसंसारात्प्रयत्नेनार्चयेद्धरिम् । यस्तु योगं तथा मोक्षमन्विच्छेऽज्ज्ञानमैश्वरम् ४१। अर्चयेत विरूपाक्षं प्रयत्नेन सुरेश्वरम् । ये वांच्छंति महाभोगान्ज्ञानानि च महेश्वरम् ४२। ते पूजयंति भूतेशं केशवं चापि भोगिनः । वारिदस्तृप्तिमाप्नोति जलदानं ततोधिकम् ४३। तैलप्रदः प्रजामिष्टां दीपदश्चक्षुरुत्तमम् । भूमिदः सर्वमाप्नोति दीर्घमायुर्हिरण्यदः ४४। गृहदाताग्र्यवेश्मानि रूप्यदो रूपमुत्तमम् । वासोदश्चंद्रसालोक्यमश्वदो यानमुत्तमम् ४५। अन्नदाता श्रियं स्वेष्टां गोदो ब्राह्मणविष्टपम् । यानशय्याप्रदो भार्य्यामैश्वर्यमभयप्रदः ४६। धान्यदः शाश्वतं सौख्यं ब्रह्मदो ब्रह्मशाश्वतम् । धान्यान्यपि यथाशक्ति विप्रेषु प्रतिपादयेत् ४७। वेदविद्याविशिष्टेषु प्रेत्य स्वर्गं समश्नुते । गवां चान्नप्रदानेन सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ४८। इंधनानां प्रदानेन दीप्ताग्निर्जायते नरः । फलमूलानि पानानि शाकानि विविधानि च ४९। प्रदद्याद्ब्राह्मणेभ्यस्तु मुदायुक्तः सदा भवेत् । औषधं स्नेहमाहारं रोगिणो रोगशांतये ५०। ददानो रोगरहितः सुखी दीर्घायुरेव च । असिपत्रवनं मार्गं क्षुरधारासमन्वितम् ५१। तीक्ष्णतापं च तरति छत्रोपानत्प्रदो नरः । यद्यदिष्टतमं लोके यच्चास्यापेक्षितं गृहे ५२। तत्तद्गुणवते देयं तदेवाक्षयमिच्छता । अयने विषुवे चैव ग्रहणे चंद्रसूर्ययोः ५३। संक्रांत्यादिषु कालेषु दत्तं भवति चाक्षयम् । प्रयागादिषु तीर्थेषु पुण्येष्वायतनेषु च ५४। दत्वा चाक्षयमाप्नोति नदीप्रस्रवणेषु च । दानधर्मात्परो धर्मो भूतानां नेह विद्यते ५५। तस्माद्विप्राय दातव्यं श्रोत्रियाय द्विजातिभिः । स्वर्गाय भूतिकामेन तथा पापोपशांतये ५६। मुमुक्षुणा तु दातव्यं ब्राह्मणेभ्यस्तथान्वहम् । दीयमानं तु यो मोहाद्गोविप्राग्निसुरेषु च ५७। निवारयत्यधर्मात्मा तिर्यग्योनिं व्रजेत सः । यस्तु द्रव्यार्जनं कृत्वा नार्चयेद्ब्राह्मणान्सुरान् ५८। सर्वस्वमपहृत्यैनं राजा राष्ट्रात्प्रवासयेत् । यस्तु दुर्भिक्षवेलायामन्नाद्यं न प्रयच्छति ५९। म्रियमाणेषु विप्रेषु ब्राह्मणः स तु गर्हितः । न तस्मात्प्रतिगृह्णीयुः न वसेयुश्च तेन हि ६०। आज्ञायित्वा स्वकाद्राष्ट्राद्राजा तं विप्रवासयेत् । पश्चात्सद्भ्यो ददातीह स्वद्रव्यं धर्मसाधनम् ६१। सपूर्वाभ्यधिकः पापी नरके पच्यते नरः । स्वाध्यायवंतो ये विप्रा विद्यावंतो जितेंद्रियाः ६२। सत्यसंयमसंयुक्तास्तेभ्यो दद्याद्द्विजोत्तमाः । प्रभुक्तमपि विद्वांसं धार्मिकं भोजयेद्द्विजम् ६३। न च मूर्खमवृत्तस्थं दशरात्रमुपोषितम् । सन्निकृष्टमतिक्रम्य श्रोत्रियं यः प्रयच्छति ६४। स तेन कर्मणा पापी दहत्यासप्तमं कुलम् । यदि स्यादधिको विप्रः शीलविद्यादिभिः स्वयम् ६५। तस्मै यत्नेन दातव्यमतिक्रम्य च सन्निधिम् । योर्चितं प्रतिगृह्णीयाद्दद्यादर्चितमेव च ६६। तावुभौ गच्छतः स्वर्गं नरकं तु विपर्यये । न वार्यपि प्रयच्छेत नास्तिके हैतुकेपि च ६७। न पाखंडेषु सर्वेषु नावेदविदिधर्मवित् । रूप्यं चैव हिरण्यं च गामश्वं पृथिवीं तिलान् ६८। अविद्वान्प्रतिगृह्णीयाद्भस्मी भवति काष्ठवत् । द्विजातिभ्यो धनं लिप्सेत्प्रशस्तेभ्यो द्विजोतमः ६९। अपि राजन्यवैश्याभ्यां न तु शूद्रात्कथंचन । वृत्तिसंकोचमन्विच्छेन्नेहेत धनविस्तरम् ७०। धनलोभे प्रसक्तस्तु ब्राह्मण्यादेव हीयते । वेदानधीत्य सकलान्यज्ञांश्चावाप्य सर्वशः ७१। न तां गतिमवाप्नोति संतोषाद्यामवाप्नुयात् । प्रतिग्रहरुचिर्न स्याच्छूद्रान्न तु समाहरेत् ७२। स्थित्यर्थादधिकं गृह्णन्ब्राह्मणो यात्यधोगतिम् । यस्तु याति न संतोषं न स स्वर्गस्य भाजनम् ७३। उद्वेजयति भूतानि यथा चौरस्तथैव सः । गुरुं भृत्यांश्चोज्जिहीर्षुस्तर्पयन्देवतातिथीन् ७४। सर्वतः प्रतिगृह्णीयान्न तु तृप्येत्स्वयं ततः । एवं गृहस्थो युक्तात्मा देवतातिथिपूजकः ७५। वर्तमानः संयतात्मा याति तत्परमं पदम् । पुत्रेषु भार्यां निक्षिप्य गत्वारण्यं तु तत्त्ववित् ७६। एकाकी विचरेन्नित्यमुदासीनः समाहितः । एष वः कथितो धर्म्मो गृहस्थानां द्विजोत्तमाः । ज्ञात्वा तु तिष्ठेन्नियतं तथानुष्ठापयेद्द्विजान् ७७। इति देवमनादिमेकमीशं गृहधर्मेण समर्चयेदजस्रम् । समतीत्य स सर्वभूतयोनिं प्रकृतिं याति परं न याति जन्म ७८। इति श्रीपाद्मे महापुराणे स्वर्गखंडे गृहस्थधर्मनिर्णयो नाम सप्तपंचाशत्तमोऽध्यायः ५७।
vyāsa uvāca- athātaḥ saṃpravakṣyāmi dānadharmmamanuttamam | brahmaṇābhihitaṃ pūrvamṛṣīṇāṃ brahmavādinām 1| arthānāmucitaṃ pātre śraddhayā pratipādanam | dānamityabhinirdiṣṭaṃ bhuktimuktiphalapradam 2| yo dadāti viśiṣṭebhyaḥ śraddhayā parayā yutaḥ | tadvai dattamahaṃ manye śeṣaṃ kasyāpi rakṣati 3| nityaṃ naimittikaṃ kāmyaṃ trividhaṃ dānamucyate | caturthaṃ vimalaṃ proktaṃ sarvadānottamottamam 4| ahanyahani yatkiṃciddīyate nupakāriṇe | anuddiśyaphalaṃ tasmādbrāhmaṇāya tu nityakam 5| yattu pāpopaśāṃtyarthaṃ dīyate viduṣāṃ kare | naimittikaṃ taduddiṣṭaṃ dānaṃ sadbhiranuttamam 6| apatyavijayaiśvarya sukhārthaṃ yatpradīyate | dānaṃ tatkāmyamākhyātamṛṣibhirdharmaciṃtakaiḥ 7| yadīśvarasya prītyarthaṃ brahmavitsu pradīyate | cetasā dharmayuktena dānaṃ tadvimalaṃ śivam 8| dānadharmaṃ niṣeveta pātramāsādya śaktitaḥ | upāsyate tu tatpātraṃ yattārayati sarvataḥ 9| kuṭuṃbabhuktivasanāddeyaṃ yadatiricyate | anyathā dīyate yadvai na taddānaṃ phalapradam 10| śrotriyāya kulīnāya vinītāya tapasvine | vratasthāya daridrāya pradeyaṃ bhaktipūrvakam 11| yastu dadyānmahīṃ bhaktyā brāhmaṇāyāhitāgnaye | sa yāti paramaṃ sthānaṃ yatra gatvā na śocati 12| ikṣubhiḥ saṃyutāṃ bhūmiṃ yavagodhūmaśālinīm | dadāti vedaviduṣe yaḥ sa bhūyo na jāyate 13| gocarmamātrāmapi vā yo bhūmiṃ saṃprayacchati | brāhmaṇāya daridrāya sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate 14| bhūmidānātparaṃ dānaṃ vidyate neha kiṃcana | annadānaṃ tena tulyaṃ vidyādānaṃ tatodhikam 15| yo brāhmaṇāya śāṃtāya śucaye dharmaśīline | dadāti vidyāṃ vidhinā brahmaloke mahīyate 16| dadyādaharahaḥ svarṇaṃ śraddhayā brahmacāriṇe | sarvapāpavinirmukto brahmaṇaḥ sthānamāpnuyāt 17| gṛhasthāyānnadānena phalamāpnoti mānavaḥ | annamevāsya dātavyaṃ datvāpnoti parāṃ gatim 18| vaiśākhyāṃ pūrṇamāsyāṃ tu brāhmaṇānsapta paṃca vā | upoṣya vidhinā śāṃtaḥ śuciḥ prayatamānasaḥ 19| pūjayitvā tilaiḥ kṛṣṇairmadhunā ca viśeṣataḥ | prīyatāṃ dharmarājeti yadā manasi varttate 20| yāvajjīvaṃ tu yatpāpaṃ tatkṣaṇādeva naśyati | kṛṣṇājine tilānkṛtvā hiraṇyaṃ madhusarpiṣī 21| dadāti yastu viprāya sarvaṃ tarati duṣkṛtam | ghṛtānnamudakuṃbhaṃ ca vaiśākhyāṃ tu viśeṣataḥ 22| nirddiśya dharmarājāya viprebhyo mucyate bhayāt | suvarṇatilayuktaistu brāhmaṇānsapta paṃca vā 23| tarpayedudapātraistu brahmahatyāṃ vyapohati | māghamāse tamisre tu dvādaśyāṃ samupoṣitaḥ 24| śuklāṃbaradharaḥ kṛṣṇaistilairhutvā hutāśanam | pradadyādbrāhmaṇebhyastu tilāneva samāhitaḥ 25| janmaprabhṛti yatpāpaṃ sarvaṃ tarati vai dvijaḥ | amāvāsyāmanuprāpya brāhmaṇāya tapasvine 26| yatkiṃciddevadeveśaṃ dadyāccoddiśya keśavam | prīyatāmīśvaro viṣṇurhṛṣīkeśaḥ sanātanaḥ 27| saptajanmakṛtaṃ pāpaṃ tatkṣaṇādeva naśyati | yastu kṛṣṇacaturdaśyāṃ snātvā devaṃ pinākinam 28| ārādhayeddvijamukhena tasyāsti punarbhavaḥ | kṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ viśeṣeṇa dhārmikāya dvijātaye 29| snātvābhyarcya yathānyāyaṃ pādaprakṣālanādibhiḥ | prīyatāṃ me mahādevo dadyāddravyaṃ svakīyakam 30| sarvapāpavinirmuktaḥ prāpnoti paramāṃ gatim | dvijaiḥ kṛṣṇacaturdaśyāṃ kṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ viśeṣataḥ 31| amāvāsyāṃ tathā bhaktaiḥ pūjanīyastrivikramaḥ | ekādaśyāṃ nirāhāro dvādaśyāṃ puruṣottamam 32| arcayedbrāhmaṇamukhe sa gacchetparamaṃ padam | eṣā tithirvaiṣṇavī syāddvādaśī śuklapakṣataḥ 33| tasyāmārādhayeddevaṃ prayatnena janārdanam | yatkiṃciddevamīśānamuddiśya brāhmaṇe śucau 34| dīyate viṣṇumevāpi tadanaṃtaphalaṃ smṛtam | yo hi yāṃ devatāmicchetsamārādhayituṃ naraḥ 35| brāhmaṇānpūjayedyatnātsa tasyāstoṣayettataḥ | dvijānāṃ vapurāsthāya nityaṃ tiṣṭhaṃti devatāḥ 36| pūjyaṃte brāhmaṇā lābhe pratimādiṣu taiḥ kvacit | pratimādiṣu yatnena tasmātphalamabhīpsatā 37| dvijeṣu devatā nityaṃ pūjanīyā viśeṣataḥ | vibhūtikāmaḥ satataṃ pūjayeddhi puraṃdaram 38| brahmavarcasakāmastu brahmāṇaṃ jñānakāmukaḥ | ārogyakāmotha raviṃ dhanakāmo hutāśanam 39| karmmaṇāṃ siddhikāmastu pūjayedvai vināyakam | bhogakāmastu śaśinaṃ balakāmaḥ samīraṇam 40| mumukṣuḥ sarvasaṃsārātprayatnenārcayeddharim | yastu yogaṃ tathā mokṣamanvicche'jjñānamaiśvaram 41| arcayeta virūpākṣaṃ prayatnena sureśvaram | ye vāṃcchaṃti mahābhogānjñānāni ca maheśvaram 42| te pūjayaṃti bhūteśaṃ keśavaṃ cāpi bhoginaḥ | vāridastṛptimāpnoti jaladānaṃ tatodhikam 43| tailapradaḥ prajāmiṣṭāṃ dīpadaścakṣuruttamam | bhūmidaḥ sarvamāpnoti dīrghamāyurhiraṇyadaḥ 44| gṛhadātāgryaveśmāni rūpyado rūpamuttamam | vāsodaścaṃdrasālokyamaśvado yānamuttamam 45| annadātā śriyaṃ sveṣṭāṃ godo brāhmaṇaviṣṭapam | yānaśayyāprado bhāryyāmaiśvaryamabhayapradaḥ 46| dhānyadaḥ śāśvataṃ saukhyaṃ brahmado brahmaśāśvatam | dhānyānyapi yathāśakti vipreṣu pratipādayet 47| vedavidyāviśiṣṭeṣu pretya svargaṃ samaśnute | gavāṃ cānnapradānena sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate 48| iṃdhanānāṃ pradānena dīptāgnirjāyate naraḥ | phalamūlāni pānāni śākāni vividhāni ca 49| pradadyādbrāhmaṇebhyastu mudāyuktaḥ sadā bhavet | auṣadhaṃ snehamāhāraṃ rogiṇo rogaśāṃtaye 50| dadāno rogarahitaḥ sukhī dīrghāyureva ca | asipatravanaṃ mārgaṃ kṣuradhārāsamanvitam 51| tīkṣṇatāpaṃ ca tarati chatropānatprado naraḥ | yadyadiṣṭatamaṃ loke yaccāsyāpekṣitaṃ gṛhe 52| tattadguṇavate deyaṃ tadevākṣayamicchatā | ayane viṣuve caiva grahaṇe caṃdrasūryayoḥ 53| saṃkrāṃtyādiṣu kāleṣu dattaṃ bhavati cākṣayam | prayāgādiṣu tīrtheṣu puṇyeṣvāyataneṣu ca 54| datvā cākṣayamāpnoti nadīprasravaṇeṣu ca | dānadharmātparo dharmo bhūtānāṃ neha vidyate 55| tasmādviprāya dātavyaṃ śrotriyāya dvijātibhiḥ | svargāya bhūtikāmena tathā pāpopaśāṃtaye 56| mumukṣuṇā tu dātavyaṃ brāhmaṇebhyastathānvaham | dīyamānaṃ tu yo mohādgoviprāgnisureṣu ca 57| nivārayatyadharmātmā tiryagyoniṃ vrajeta saḥ | yastu dravyārjanaṃ kṛtvā nārcayedbrāhmaṇānsurān 58| sarvasvamapahṛtyainaṃ rājā rāṣṭrātpravāsayet | yastu durbhikṣavelāyāmannādyaṃ na prayacchati 59| mriyamāṇeṣu vipreṣu brāhmaṇaḥ sa tu garhitaḥ | na tasmātpratigṛhṇīyuḥ na vaseyuśca tena hi 60| ājñāyitvā svakādrāṣṭrādrājā taṃ vipravāsayet | paścātsadbhyo dadātīha svadravyaṃ dharmasādhanam 61| sapūrvābhyadhikaḥ pāpī narake pacyate naraḥ | svādhyāyavaṃto ye viprā vidyāvaṃto jiteṃdriyāḥ 62| satyasaṃyamasaṃyuktāstebhyo dadyāddvijottamāḥ | prabhuktamapi vidvāṃsaṃ dhārmikaṃ bhojayeddvijam 63| na ca mūrkhamavṛttasthaṃ daśarātramupoṣitam | sannikṛṣṭamatikramya śrotriyaṃ yaḥ prayacchati 64| sa tena karmaṇā pāpī dahatyāsaptamaṃ kulam | yadi syādadhiko vipraḥ śīlavidyādibhiḥ svayam 65| tasmai yatnena dātavyamatikramya ca sannidhim | yorcitaṃ pratigṛhṇīyāddadyādarcitameva ca 66| tāvubhau gacchataḥ svargaṃ narakaṃ tu viparyaye | na vāryapi prayaccheta nāstike haitukepi ca 67| na pākhaṃḍeṣu sarveṣu nāvedavididharmavit | rūpyaṃ caiva hiraṇyaṃ ca gāmaśvaṃ pṛthivīṃ tilān 68| avidvānpratigṛhṇīyādbhasmī bhavati kāṣṭhavat | dvijātibhyo dhanaṃ lipsetpraśastebhyo dvijotamaḥ 69| api rājanyavaiśyābhyāṃ na tu śūdrātkathaṃcana | vṛttisaṃkocamanvicchenneheta dhanavistaram 70| dhanalobhe prasaktastu brāhmaṇyādeva hīyate | vedānadhītya sakalānyajñāṃścāvāpya sarvaśaḥ 71| na tāṃ gatimavāpnoti saṃtoṣādyāmavāpnuyāt | pratigraharucirna syācchūdrānna tu samāharet 72| sthityarthādadhikaṃ gṛhṇanbrāhmaṇo yātyadhogatim | yastu yāti na saṃtoṣaṃ na sa svargasya bhājanam 73| udvejayati bhūtāni yathā caurastathaiva saḥ | guruṃ bhṛtyāṃścojjihīrṣustarpayandevatātithīn 74| sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyānna tu tṛpyetsvayaṃ tataḥ | evaṃ gṛhastho yuktātmā devatātithipūjakaḥ 75| vartamānaḥ saṃyatātmā yāti tatparamaṃ padam | putreṣu bhāryāṃ nikṣipya gatvāraṇyaṃ tu tattvavit 76| ekākī vicarennityamudāsīnaḥ samāhitaḥ | eṣa vaḥ kathito dharmmo gṛhasthānāṃ dvijottamāḥ | jñātvā tu tiṣṭhenniyataṃ tathānuṣṭhāpayeddvijān 77| iti devamanādimekamīśaṃ gṛhadharmeṇa samarcayedajasram | samatītya sa sarvabhūtayoniṃ prakṛtiṃ yāti paraṃ na yāti janma 78| iti śrīpādme mahāpurāṇe svargakhaṃḍe gṛhasthadharmanirṇayo nāma saptapaṃcāśattamo'dhyāyaḥ 57|
English translation
Vyāsa said :
1. I shall now explain to you the excellent merit of giving gifts, which was formerly told by Brahmā to the sages—the teachers of the Vedas .
2-30. The giving of proper objects with faith to a worthy recipient is designated as ‘ dāna ’ and gives the fruit of enjoyment and liberation. I take that to be ‘ datta ’ which is given with great faith to deserving persons. The rest he preserves for someone else. Dāna (giving gifts) is said to be of three kinds: obligatory, occasional, and optional. The fourth called vimala (i.e. pure) is said to be the best of all gifts. That gift which is everyday given to a brāhmaṇa who does not oblige and without desiring its fruit is said to be obligatory. That gift which is given into the hands of the learned for the appeasement of sin is said to be the excellent gift called ‘occasional’. The sages who have thought about religious merit have called that gift which is given (for getting) a child, success, glory, happiness, as ‘optional’. That gift which is given to those who know Vedas, to please the lord, and with a mind full of piety is pure and auspicious. Having secured a worthy recipient, he should, according to his capacity, resort to the merit due to gift. That worthy recipient whom he waits upon, protects him all round. That which is surplus in the food or garments of the family, should be given. If given otherwise, it does not give the fruit of the gift. He should devoutly give (gifts) to a learned brāhmaṇa, one born in a noble family, one who is modest, one who is practising a vow, and one who is poor. He who devoutly gives land to a brāhmaṇa who has maintained the sacred fire, goes to the highest place, going where he does not grieve. He who gives land with sugarcanes (i.e. land where sugarcanes are growing), so also land with wheat (growing in it), to (a brāhmaṇa) learned in the Vedas, is not reborn. He who gives (a piece of) land, even of the measure of a cow’s hide, to a poor brāhmaṇa, is freed from all sins. Here (i.e. in this world) there is no greater gift than the gift of land. Giving food is equal to that, and gift of knowledge (i.e. teaching) is superior to that. He who duly gives knowledge to a calm, pure, religious brāhmaṇa is honoured in Brahmā’s heaven. A man should everyday give with devotion gold to a brahmacārī ‘religious student’. Being freed from all sins, he would obtain the position of Brahman . By giving food to a householder a man obtains (its) fruit. Food alone should be given to him. By giving it the giver obtains the highest position. Observing a fast with his mind controlled, and being calm and pure, he should honour seven or five brāhmaṇas with black sesamum and especially with honey on the full moon day of Vaiśākha (saying), ‘May Dharmarāja be pleased’; from the time he has this in mind, all the sin committed during his life time perishes in a moment. He who, having put sesamum seeds or gold, or honey or ghee on a hide of a black antelope, gives them to a brāhmaṇa, overcomes all sin. He who gives food with ghee, a jar with water to brāhmaṇas, especially on the full moon day of Vaiśākha, after having assigned it to Dharmarāja is freed from fear. He who pleases seven or five brāhmaṇas with water pots with gold and sesamum seeds, removes (the sin of) killing a brāhmaṇa. Being calm and fasting, wearing a white garment, a twice-born who gives on the twelfth day of the dark fortnight in the month of Māgha after offering sesamum seeds into fire, sesamum seeds only, to brāhmaṇas, overcomes all the sin that he has committed from his birth. When the new moon day arrives, he should give whatever little (he can) to a poor brāhmaṇa, dedicating it to Viṣṇu , the lord of gods, saying, ‘May the ancient god Hṛṣīkeśa Viṣṇu be pleased.’ That moment only his sin committed during the past seven births, perishes. He who would, on the fourteenth day of the dark half, propitiate the trident-holder god (i.e. Śiva ) through a brāhmaṇa, would not be re-born. Especially on the eighth day of the dark half, he having bathed and honoured a religious brāhmaṇa should, after washing his feet etc. duly give him his own wealth saying, ‘May Śiva be pleased with me.’
31-43. Being freed from all sins, he obtain s the highest position. Devoted twice-borns should worship Viṣṇu on the fourteenth day, or especially on the eighth day of the dark half, so also on the new moon day. He who observes a fast on the eleventh day, and would worship Viṣṇu through a brāhmaṇa, would go to the highest position. This day, the twelfth of the bright half, is called Vaiṣṇavī (i.e. sacred to Viṣṇu). On that day (a man) should carefully propitiate Viṣṇu. Whatever is given to a pure brāhmaṇa by dedicating it to lord Viṣṇu only, is said to have inexhaustible fruit. One who desires to propitiate a particular deity should honour brāhmaṇas. By that he would please that deity. Deities always dwell in the bodies of brāhmaṇas. Sometimes, when brāhmaṇas are not available, the deities are worshipped in their images etc. Desiring a fruit from them he should carefully worship the deities in images or especially in (i.e. represented by) brāhmaṇas everyday. He who desires power, should always worship Indra . He who longs for divine glory and knowledge, should worship Brahmā. He who desires good health (should worship) the Sun; he who longs for wealth, should worship Fire. He who desires success in undertakings, should worship Vināyaka . He who desires pleasures, should worship the Moon; he who longs for strength should worship the Wind. He who desires freedom from the worldly existence should carefully worship Viṣṇu. He who desires deep, abstract meditation, liberation and also divine knowledge, should carefully worship Śiva, the lord of gods. Those who desire great satisfaction worship Śiva and Viṣṇu. Giving water gives greater satisfaction than that.
44-55a. He who gives oil, gets desired progeny; the giver of a lamp gets excellent eye. The giver of land gets everything. One who gives gold gets long life. He who gives a house, obtains excellent houses; he who gives silver, gets excellent beauty. He, who gives a garment, lives in the same world as the Moon. The giver of a horse gets an excellent vehicle. The giver of food gets the wealth desired by him; the giver of a cow obtains the world of Brahmā. The giver of a vehicle or a bed obtains a wife. He who grants fearlessness, obtains affluence. The giver of grains gets eternal happiness; he who gives (i.e. teaches) sacred text, reaches eternal Brahman. A man should give according to his capacity grains also to brāhmaṇas endowed with Vedic knowledge . After death he gets (i.e. goes to) heaven. By giving food to cows he is freed from all sins. By giving fuel a man has his fire kindled. He should always give fruits, roots, drinks and vegetables to brāhmaṇas. He should always be joyful. He who gives medicine, oil, food to a sick person for curing the disease, becomes free from diseases and happy and lives long. A man who gives an umbrella and sandals crosses the path that is sharp like a razor’s edge leading to the hell Asipatravana and severe heat. He should give that, desiring that only eternally, to a virtuous person, which is most desired in the world and which is expected in the house. That which is given during the transition of one solstice to another, of the equinoctial point, at the time of the lunar or solar eclipses, or on a Saṃkrānti day etc., becomes inexhaustible. By giving (gifts) at sacred places like Prayāga , or at auspicious abodes, or at (the bank of) rivers and streams, he obtains inexhaustible (fruit).
55b-67. For beings there is no greater religious merit here than giving in charity. Therefore the twice-born should give (gifts) to a learned brāhmaṇa. In the same way he who desires his well-being, he who desires liberation, should give (gifts) to brāhmaṇas for (going to) heaven or for the destruction of his sins. He who, of an irreligious nature, would stop through folly, (gifts) being presented to brāhmaṇas, fire or gods, would go to the womb of an animal. A king should drive him, after forfeiting all his wealth, out of his country, who, having earned wealth, would not honour brāhmaṇas and gods. That brāhmaṇa who, at the time of famine, does not give food etc. to twice-born ones who are dying, stands condemned. (Brāhmaṇas) should not accept (gifts) from him and should not stay with him. The king should find out (facts about) him and drive him out of his country. He who later gives his wealth, the means of religious merit, to good people, is a greater sinner than those (mentioned) earlier, and such a man is roasted in hell. O best brāhmaṇas, a man should give gifts to those brāhmaṇas who study the Vadas [Vedas?], are learned, have their senses controlled, are endowed with truthfulness and restraint. A man should feed a learned, religious brāhmaṇa, even though he has eaten (his meal), but not a fool, who does not behave properly (though he) has starved for ten days. He who, ignoring a learned brāhmaṇa who has approached him, gives (gifts to someone else), becomes sinful due to that act and burns his family to the seventh (descendant). If there is a brāhmaṇa who is superior in respect of good character or learning, he should exert to give him by bypassing (the brāhmaṇa that is) nearby. He who would accept what is honoured and would give just what is honoured—both these go to heaven; but (if the) reverse (is done) they go to hell.
68-78. A man knowing Dharma , should not give even water to an atheist, a sceptic, so also to all heretics and to one who does not know the Vedas. If a man who is not learned, would accept silver, gold, a cow, a horse, land, sesamum seeds, he is reduced to ashes like wood. An excellent brāhmaṇa should desire to get wealth from praiseworthy brāhmaṇas, even from kṣatriyas and vaiśyas , but never from śūdras . Seeking (i.e. he should seek) the contraction of his livelihood, (but) he should not long for enhancing his wealth. Attached to greed for wealth, he is deprived of his brāhmaṇahood. He would not obtain that position by studying all the Vedas and by fully accomplishing sacrifices, which he would obtain through contentment. He should not have a liking for accepting (gifts); he should not collect (a gift) from a śūdra . A brāhmaṇa who takes more (than necessary for) his maintenance, goes the downward path. He who is not contented, does not become fit for heaven. He afflicts people; he is like a thief. Desiring to emancipate his preceptor and servants he should gratify deities and guests, and should accept gifts from all (sources), but should never gratify himself. A householder who has thus controlled himself, and honours deities and guests, and who lives with a controlled mind, goes to that highest position. Entrusting his wife to his sons and going to the forest, the wise one, being neutral and composed should always move all alone. O best brāhmaṇas, I have told you this way of life of the householders. Knowing it one should follow it and make the twice-born ones follow it. In this way he should, following the householder’s way, continuously worship the only, eternal lord. Going beyond all births as creatures, he goes to the original cause and does not get another birth.
Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 43439, revision 335749 (2022-04-14T10:15:09Z). English is N. A. Deshpande’s complete translation, controlled against its chapter page at https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-padma-purana/d/doc365276.html and the ten-volume archival witness. The witnesses are aligned at chapter level; no unsupported verse-by-verse equivalence is asserted.