Svarga-khaṇḍa · Chapter 56
Sourceव्यास उवाच- नाद्याच्छूद्रस्य विप्रोन्नं मोहाद्वा यदि कामतः । स शूद्रयोनिं व्रजति यस्तु भुंक्ते त्वनापदि १। षण्मासान्यो द्विजो भुंक्ते शूद्रस्यान्नं विगर्हितम् । जीवन्नेव भवेच्छूद्रो मृतः श्वा चाभिजायते २। ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्रस्य च मुनीश्वराः । यस्यान्नेनोदरस्थेन मृतस्तद्योनिमाप्नुयात् ३। राजान्नं वर्तकान्नं च षंढान्नं चर्म्मकारिणाम् । गणान्नं गणिकान्नं च षडन्नं च विवर्जयेत् ४। चक्रोपजीवि रजक तस्करध्वजिनां तथा । गांधर्वलोहकारान्नं मृतकान्नं विवर्जयेत् ५। कुलाल चित्रकारान्नं वार्धुषेः पतितस्य च । पौनर्भवच्छत्रिकयोरभिशप्तस्य चैव हि ६। सुवर्णकार शैलूष व्याध वंध्यातुरस्य च । चिकित्सकस्य चैवान्नं पुंश्चल्या दंडकस्य च ७। स्तेन नास्तिकयोरन्नं देवतानिंदकस्य च । सोमविक्रयिणश्चान्नं श्वपाकस्य विशेषतः ८। भार्य्याजितस्य चैवान्नं यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे । उत्सृष्टस्य कदर्यस्य तथैवोच्छिष्टभोजिनः ९। पापीयोन्नं च संघान्नं शस्त्राजीवस्य चैव हि । भीतस्य रुदितस्यान्नमवक्रुष्टं परिक्षतम् १०। ब्रह्मद्विषः पापरुचेः श्राद्धान्नं मृतकस्य च । वृथापाकस्य चैवान्नं शावान्नं चातुरस्य च ११। अप्रजानां तु नारीणां कृतघ्नस्य तथैव च । कारुकान्नं विशेषेण शस्त्रविक्रयिणस्तथा १२। शौंडान्नं घांटिकान्नं च भिषजामन्नमेव च । विद्वत्प्रजननस्यान्नं परिवेत्रन्नमेव च १३। पुनर्भुवो विशेषेण तथैव दिधिषूपतेः । अवज्ञातं चावधूतं सरोषं विस्मयान्वितम् १४। गुरोरपि न भोक्तव्यमन्नं संस्कारवर्जितम् । दुष्कृतं हि मनुष्यस्य सर्वमन्ने व्यवस्थितम् १५। यो यस्यान्नं समश्नाति स तस्याश्नाति किल्बिषम् । अर्द्धका कुलं मित्रं च गोपालो वाहनापि तौ १६। एते शूद्रेषु भोज्यान्ना यश्चात्मानं निवेदयेत् । कुशीलवः कुंभकश्च क्षेत्रकर्मक एव च १७। एते शूद्रेषु भोज्यान्ना दृष्ट्वा स्वल्पगुणं बुधैः । पायसं स्नेहपक्वं च गोरसश्चैव सक्तवः १८। पिण्याकं चैव तैलं च शूद्राद्ग्राह्यं द्विजातिभिः । वृंताकं नालिकाशाकं कुसुंभं भस्मकं तथा १९। पलांडुं लशुनं शुक्तं निर्य्यासं चैव वर्जयेत् । छत्राकं विड्वराहं च स्विन्नं पीयूषमेव च २०। विलयं विमुखं चैव कोरकाणि विवर्जयेत् । गृंजनं किंशुकं चैव कूष्मांडं च तथैव च २१। उदुंबरमलाबुं च जग्ध्वा पतति वै द्विजः । तथा कृसरसंयावौ पायसापूपमेव च २२। अनुपाकृत मांसं च देवान्नानि हवींषि च । यवागूं मातुलिगं च मत्स्यानप्यनुपाकृतान् २३। नीपं कपित्थं प्लक्षं च प्रयत्नेन विवर्जयेत् । पिण्याकं चोद्धृतस्नेहं देवधान्यं तथैव च २४। रात्रौ च तिलसंबंधं प्रयत्नेन दधि त्यजेत् । नाश्नीयात्पयसा तक्रं नाभक्ष्यानुपयोजयेत् २५। कृमिदुष्टं भावदुष्टं मृत्संसर्गं च वर्जयेत् । कृमिकीटावपन्नं च सुहृत्क्लेदं च नित्यशः २६। श्वाघ्रातं च पुनः सिद्धं चंडालावेक्षितं तथा । उदक्यया च पतितैर्गवा संघ्रातमेव च २७। असंगतं पर्य्युषितं पर्यस्तान्नं च नित्यशः । काककुक्कुटसंस्पृष्टं कृमिभिश्चैव संगतम् २८। मनुष्यैरप्यवघ्रातं कुष्ठिना स्पृष्टमेव च । न रजस्वलया दत्तं न पुंश्चल्या सरोगया २९। मलवद्वाससा वापि परवासोथ वर्जयेत् । विवत्सायाश्च गोक्षीरं मेषस्यानिर्दशस्य च ३०। आविकं संधिनीक्षीरमपेयं मनुरब्रवीत् । बलाकं हंसदात्यूहं कलविंकं शुकं तथा ३१। कुरुरं च चकोरं च जालपादं च कोकिलम् । वायसान्खंजरीटांश्च श्येनं गृध्रं तथैव च ३२। उलूकं चक्रवाकं च भासं पारावतं तथा । कपोतं टिट्टिभं चैव ग्रामकुक्कुटमेव च ३३। सिंहं व्याघ्रं च मार्जारं श्वानं सूकरमेव च । शृगालं मर्कटं चैव गर्द्दभं न च भक्षयेत् ३४। न भक्षयेत्सर्पमृगाञ्छिखिनोन्यान्वनेचरान् । जलेचरान्स्थलचरान्प्राणिनश्चेति धारणा ३५। गोधा कूर्मः शशः खड्गः सल्लकश्चेति सत्तमाः । भक्ष्यान्पंचनखान्नित्यं मनुराह प्रजापतिः ३६। मत्स्यान्सशल्कान्भुंजीत मांसं रौरवमेव च । निवेद्य देवताभ्यस्तु ब्राह्मणेभ्यश्च नान्यथा ३७। मयूरं तित्तिरं चैव कपोतं च कपिंजलम् । वार्ध्रीणसं बकं भक्ष्यं मीनं हंसं पराजितम् ३८। शफरी सिंहतुंडं च तथा पाठीनरोहितौ । मत्स्याश्चैते समुद्दिष्टा भक्षणीया द्विजोत्तमाः ३९। प्रोक्षितं भक्षयेदेषां मांसं च द्विजकाम्यया । यथाविधि प्रयुक्तं च प्राणानामपि चात्यये ४०। भक्षयेन्नैव मांसानि शेषभोजी न लिप्यते । औषधार्थमशक्तो वा नियोगाद्यज्ञकारणात् ४१। आमंत्रितश्च यः श्राद्धे दैवे वा मांसमुत्सृजेत् । यावंति पशुरोमाणि तावन्नरकमृच्छति ४२। अदेयं वाप्यपेयं वा तथैवास्पृश्यमेव वा । द्विजातीनामनालोक्यं नित्यं मद्यमिति स्थितिः ४३। तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन मद्यं नित्यं विवर्जयेत् । पीत्वा पतति कर्म्मभ्यस्त्वसंभाष्यो भवेद्द्विजः ४४। भक्षयित्वाप्यभक्ष्याणि पीत्वाऽपेयान्यपि द्विजः । नाधिकारी भवेत्तावद्यावत्तन्न जहात्यधः ४५। तस्मात्परिहरेन्नित्यमभक्ष्याणि प्रयत्नतः । अपेयानि च विप्रो वै तथा चेद्याति रौरवम् ४६। इति श्रीपाद्मे महापुराणे स्वर्गखंडे भक्ष्याभक्ष्यनियमो नाम षट्पंचाशत्तमोऽध्यायः ५६।
vyāsa uvāca- nādyācchūdrasya vipronnaṃ mohādvā yadi kāmataḥ | sa śūdrayoniṃ vrajati yastu bhuṃkte tvanāpadi 1| ṣaṇmāsānyo dvijo bhuṃkte śūdrasyānnaṃ vigarhitam | jīvanneva bhavecchūdro mṛtaḥ śvā cābhijāyate 2| brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṃ śūdrasya ca munīśvarāḥ | yasyānnenodarasthena mṛtastadyonimāpnuyāt 3| rājānnaṃ vartakānnaṃ ca ṣaṃḍhānnaṃ carmmakāriṇām | gaṇānnaṃ gaṇikānnaṃ ca ṣaḍannaṃ ca vivarjayet 4| cakropajīvi rajaka taskaradhvajināṃ tathā | gāṃdharvalohakārānnaṃ mṛtakānnaṃ vivarjayet 5| kulāla citrakārānnaṃ vārdhuṣeḥ patitasya ca | paunarbhavacchatrikayorabhiśaptasya caiva hi 6| suvarṇakāra śailūṣa vyādha vaṃdhyāturasya ca | cikitsakasya caivānnaṃ puṃścalyā daṃḍakasya ca 7| stena nāstikayorannaṃ devatāniṃdakasya ca | somavikrayiṇaścānnaṃ śvapākasya viśeṣataḥ 8| bhāryyājitasya caivānnaṃ yasya copapatirgṛhe | utsṛṣṭasya kadaryasya tathaivocchiṣṭabhojinaḥ 9| pāpīyonnaṃ ca saṃghānnaṃ śastrājīvasya caiva hi | bhītasya ruditasyānnamavakruṣṭaṃ parikṣatam 10| brahmadviṣaḥ pāparuceḥ śrāddhānnaṃ mṛtakasya ca | vṛthāpākasya caivānnaṃ śāvānnaṃ cāturasya ca 11| aprajānāṃ tu nārīṇāṃ kṛtaghnasya tathaiva ca | kārukānnaṃ viśeṣeṇa śastravikrayiṇastathā 12| śauṃḍānnaṃ ghāṃṭikānnaṃ ca bhiṣajāmannameva ca | vidvatprajananasyānnaṃ parivetrannameva ca 13| punarbhuvo viśeṣeṇa tathaiva didhiṣūpateḥ | avajñātaṃ cāvadhūtaṃ saroṣaṃ vismayānvitam 14| gurorapi na bhoktavyamannaṃ saṃskāravarjitam | duṣkṛtaṃ hi manuṣyasya sarvamanne vyavasthitam 15| yo yasyānnaṃ samaśnāti sa tasyāśnāti kilbiṣam | arddhakā kulaṃ mitraṃ ca gopālo vāhanāpi tau 16| ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yaścātmānaṃ nivedayet | kuśīlavaḥ kuṃbhakaśca kṣetrakarmaka eva ca 17| ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā dṛṣṭvā svalpaguṇaṃ budhaiḥ | pāyasaṃ snehapakvaṃ ca gorasaścaiva saktavaḥ 18| piṇyākaṃ caiva tailaṃ ca śūdrādgrāhyaṃ dvijātibhiḥ | vṛṃtākaṃ nālikāśākaṃ kusuṃbhaṃ bhasmakaṃ tathā 19| palāṃḍuṃ laśunaṃ śuktaṃ niryyāsaṃ caiva varjayet | chatrākaṃ viḍvarāhaṃ ca svinnaṃ pīyūṣameva ca 20| vilayaṃ vimukhaṃ caiva korakāṇi vivarjayet | gṛṃjanaṃ kiṃśukaṃ caiva kūṣmāṃḍaṃ ca tathaiva ca 21| uduṃbaramalābuṃ ca jagdhvā patati vai dvijaḥ | tathā kṛsarasaṃyāvau pāyasāpūpameva ca 22| anupākṛta māṃsaṃ ca devānnāni havīṃṣi ca | yavāgūṃ mātuligaṃ ca matsyānapyanupākṛtān 23| nīpaṃ kapitthaṃ plakṣaṃ ca prayatnena vivarjayet | piṇyākaṃ coddhṛtasnehaṃ devadhānyaṃ tathaiva ca 24| rātrau ca tilasaṃbaṃdhaṃ prayatnena dadhi tyajet | nāśnīyātpayasā takraṃ nābhakṣyānupayojayet 25| kṛmiduṣṭaṃ bhāvaduṣṭaṃ mṛtsaṃsargaṃ ca varjayet | kṛmikīṭāvapannaṃ ca suhṛtkledaṃ ca nityaśaḥ 26| śvāghrātaṃ ca punaḥ siddhaṃ caṃḍālāvekṣitaṃ tathā | udakyayā ca patitairgavā saṃghrātameva ca 27| asaṃgataṃ paryyuṣitaṃ paryastānnaṃ ca nityaśaḥ | kākakukkuṭasaṃspṛṣṭaṃ kṛmibhiścaiva saṃgatam 28| manuṣyairapyavaghrātaṃ kuṣṭhinā spṛṣṭameva ca | na rajasvalayā dattaṃ na puṃścalyā sarogayā 29| malavadvāsasā vāpi paravāsotha varjayet | vivatsāyāśca gokṣīraṃ meṣasyānirdaśasya ca 30| āvikaṃ saṃdhinīkṣīramapeyaṃ manurabravīt | balākaṃ haṃsadātyūhaṃ kalaviṃkaṃ śukaṃ tathā 31| kururaṃ ca cakoraṃ ca jālapādaṃ ca kokilam | vāyasānkhaṃjarīṭāṃśca śyenaṃ gṛdhraṃ tathaiva ca 32| ulūkaṃ cakravākaṃ ca bhāsaṃ pārāvataṃ tathā | kapotaṃ ṭiṭṭibhaṃ caiva grāmakukkuṭameva ca 33| siṃhaṃ vyāghraṃ ca mārjāraṃ śvānaṃ sūkarameva ca | śṛgālaṃ markaṭaṃ caiva garddabhaṃ na ca bhakṣayet 34| na bhakṣayetsarpamṛgāñchikhinonyānvanecarān | jalecarānsthalacarānprāṇinaśceti dhāraṇā 35| godhā kūrmaḥ śaśaḥ khaḍgaḥ sallakaśceti sattamāḥ | bhakṣyānpaṃcanakhānnityaṃ manurāha prajāpatiḥ 36| matsyānsaśalkānbhuṃjīta māṃsaṃ rauravameva ca | nivedya devatābhyastu brāhmaṇebhyaśca nānyathā 37| mayūraṃ tittiraṃ caiva kapotaṃ ca kapiṃjalam | vārdhrīṇasaṃ bakaṃ bhakṣyaṃ mīnaṃ haṃsaṃ parājitam 38| śapharī siṃhatuṃḍaṃ ca tathā pāṭhīnarohitau | matsyāścaite samuddiṣṭā bhakṣaṇīyā dvijottamāḥ 39| prokṣitaṃ bhakṣayedeṣāṃ māṃsaṃ ca dvijakāmyayā | yathāvidhi prayuktaṃ ca prāṇānāmapi cātyaye 40| bhakṣayennaiva māṃsāni śeṣabhojī na lipyate | auṣadhārthamaśakto vā niyogādyajñakāraṇāt 41| āmaṃtritaśca yaḥ śrāddhe daive vā māṃsamutsṛjet | yāvaṃti paśuromāṇi tāvannarakamṛcchati 42| adeyaṃ vāpyapeyaṃ vā tathaivāspṛśyameva vā | dvijātīnāmanālokyaṃ nityaṃ madyamiti sthitiḥ 43| tasmātsarvaprayatnena madyaṃ nityaṃ vivarjayet | pītvā patati karmmabhyastvasaṃbhāṣyo bhaveddvijaḥ 44| bhakṣayitvāpyabhakṣyāṇi pītvā'peyānyapi dvijaḥ | nādhikārī bhavettāvadyāvattanna jahātyadhaḥ 45| tasmātpariharennityamabhakṣyāṇi prayatnataḥ | apeyāni ca vipro vai tathā cedyāti rauravam 46| iti śrīpādme mahāpurāṇe svargakhaṃḍe bhakṣyābhakṣyaniyamo nāma ṣaṭpaṃcāśattamo'dhyāyaḥ 56|
English translation
Vyāsa said :
1-3. A twice-born should not eat the food of a śūdra through infatuation or longing. He who eats it when it is not a time of distress, is reborn as a śūdra. That twice-born who eats the condemned food of a śūdra for six months, becomes a śūdra even when alive, and after death is born as a dog. O best sages, a man who dies with the food of a brāhmaṇa , or a kṣatriya or a vaiśya or a śūdra in his belly, would get his birth (i. e. would be born as a brāhmaṇa etc.).
4-15. He should avoid the six (kinds of) food: the food of a king, the food of a dancer, the food of a eunuch, the food of shoe-makers, the food prepared for a number of persons in common, the food of a courtesan. He should avoid the food of an oilman, a washerman, a thief, a distiller, so also the food of a singer, a blacksmith, and food (impure due to) a dead person. (He should avoid) the food of a potter or a painter, and of a usurer, or a fallen person, so also of the son of a remarried widow, of the bearer of an umbrella, so also of one who is cursed, so also of a goldsmith, an actor, a hunter, a barren woman and of one who is afflicted; so also (he should avoid) the food of a physician, an unchaste woman and a staff-bearer. (He should avoid) the food of a thief, an atheist, of one who censures deities, of a seller of water, and especially of a cāṇḍāla . (He should avoid) the food of him who is subdued by his wife, or of him whose (wife’s) paramour lives in his house; so also (the food) of him who is abandoned, who is a raiser, so also of him who eats the remains of the food (eaten by others). (He should avoid) the food of a sinner, the food prepared for a number of people living together, and also the food of a professional soldier. (He should avoid) the food of a frightened person, of a person who is weeping, and food which is inferior and wasted. (He should avoid) the food of him who hates brāhmaṇas (or the Vedas ), who takes delight in (committing) sins, so also the food prepared for a śrāddha ceremony, or (for a rite in honour) of the dead, or food that is prepared without any need, so also food (that is impure) due to a corpse or the food of an afflicted person. (He should avoid) the food of women having no children, so also of an ungrateful man; (he should) especially (avoid) the food of an artisan and also of a dealer in arms. (He should avoid) the food of him who is addicted to liquor, a bell-ringer, so also of physicians; the food of the offspring of a learned man, so also that of the younger brother who has married before his elder brother. (He should) especially (avoid) the food of a widow who is remarried, so also of the husband of a woman who is married twice. (He should avoid) the food that is despised, rejected and (that is prepared) through anger or doubt. He should not even eat his preceptor’s food which is not purified. All the wicked deeds of a man are settled in his food.
16-19a. He who eats the food of him (i.e. of a man), eats his sin. A friend who is a half-caste man, or of a low family, a cowherd, a porter, a barber, should be given food among (i.e. along with) śūdras ; so also the person who declares himself. A bard, a potter, a peasant should be fed with the śūdras by a wise man noticing (their) little merit. Rice boiled in milk, so also (food) cooked in oil, curds (or butter-milk), barley-meal, oil-cakes, and oil should be accepted by the twice-born from śūdras.
19b-24. (But) he should avoid egg-plant, stalks of lotuses, safflower, gold or silver, onion, garlic, sour gruel, a thick fluid substance; so also chatraka (a kind of mushroom), vidvarāha, greasy milk of a cow during the first seven days of calving, vilaya (a particular product of milk) and mushrooms. By eating the small red variety of garlic, blossoms of kiṃśuka , a gourd, so also udumbara , bottle-gourd, a twice-born becomes fallen. He should also avoid kṛsara , cakes of wheat flour, and milky cakes, flesh (of a beast) not killed at a sacrifice, so also food prepared for deities and oblations, sour gruel, citron fruit, so also fish not killed at a rite; so also he should carefully avoid kadamba -flowers, wood-apple, figs; so also oil-cakes with oil taken out, and the grains offered to gods.
25-29a. At night he should carefully avoid curds with sesamum. He should not eat butter-milk with milk; he should not use prohibited food. He should avoid food impaired by worms, by thoughts, and having contact with earth; he should always avoid food spoiled by worms and insects and (prepared) by a friend with suffering. He should avoid food smelt by a dog, recooked food and food seen by a cāṇḍāla; so also smelt by a woman in her menses, by the fallen ones or by a cow. He should always avoid the food that is not (properly) collected, stale and scattered; so also food that is touched by crows and cocks and containing worms; so also the food that is smelt even by human beings and touched by a leper.
29b-31a. He should not accept food given by a woman during the menses, an unchaste or a diseased woman, or by one who has put on a dirty garment. He should also avoid (using) another person’s garment. Manu has said that the milk of a cow with no calf or a she-goat with a kid not more than ten days old, or of a sheep or a cow who has just taken the bull is not fit for drinking.
31b-46. He should not eat (the flesh of) a crane, a swan, a gallinule, a sparrow, a parrot, so also an osprey, a patridge, a goose, a cuckoo, crows, wagtails, a hawk, a vulture, so also an owl, a ruddy goose, a vulture (or a cock), a pigeon, a dove, a ṭiṭṭibha bird, a domestic cock, a lion, a tiger, a cat, a dog, a pig, a fox, a monkey and a donkey. He should not eat (the flesh of) serpents, deer, peacocks, aquatic animals, land-going animals. This is a settled rule. O best ones, Prajāpati Manu has said that these animals with five claws may be always eaten: alligator, tortoise, hare, rhinoceros, porcupine. He may also eat fish with scales, and the flesh of (the deer called) ruru after having presented them to deities and brāhmaṇas, and not otherwise. O best brāhmaṇas, so also (the flesh of) a peacock, a patridge, a pigeon, a cātaka , rhinoceros, a crane, a swan. Thus said Prajāpati (Manu). These fish, viz. (the glittering fish) śapharī , siṃhatuṇḍa , paṭhīna and rohita are directed as fit to be eaten. With a desire (to retain the status) as a twice-born he should eat the flesh of these after it is sprinkled over; even if he is about to lose his life he should duly use it. He should not at all eat flesh. He who eats what remains, is not smeared (with sin). If he is weak, he should eat flesh as medicine, or by an order or for sacrificial purposes. He, who would give up flesh when invited at a śrāddha or a rite in honour of a deity, goes to (i.e. lives) in hell for as many years as the number of hair of the beast. The settled (rule) is that the twice-born should not give or drink or touch or see liquor. Therefore with all efforts he should always avoid liquor. Having drunk it he falls from his rites and would be unfit to be talked to. As long as a twice-born eats and drinks what is prohibited for eating or drinking and does not cast them down, he does not become entitled (to respect etc.). Therefore, a twice-born should, with effort, always avoid articles prohibited for eating and drinking. If he does (persist in eating or drinking) them, he goes to Raurava (hell).
Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 43438, revision 335748 (2022-04-14T10:13:42Z). English is N. A. Deshpande’s complete translation, controlled against its chapter page at https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-padma-purana/d/doc365275.html and the ten-volume archival witness. The witnesses are aligned at chapter level; no unsupported verse-by-verse equivalence is asserted.