Fourth Skandha · Chapter 16
Sourceजनमेजय उवाच भृगुशापान्मुनिश्रेष्ठ हरेरद्भुतकर्मणः । अवताराः कथं जाताः कस्मिन्मन्वन्तरे विभो ॥ १ ॥ विस्तराद्वद धर्मज्ञ अवतारकथा हरेः । पापनाशकरीं ब्रह्मञ्छ्रुतां सर्वसुखावहाम् ॥ २ ॥ व्यास उवाच शृणु राजन् प्रवक्ष्यामि अवतारान् हरेर्यथा । यस्मिन्मन्वन्तरे जाता युगे यस्मिन्नराधिप ॥ ३ ॥ येन रूपेण यत्कार्यं कृतं नारायणेन वै । तत्सर्वं नृप वक्ष्यामि संक्षेपेण तवाधुना ॥ ४ ॥ धर्मस्यैवावतारोऽभूच्चाक्षुषे मनुसम्भवे । नरनारायणौ धर्मपुत्रौ ख्यातौ महीतले ॥ ५ ॥ अथ वैवस्वताख्येऽस्मिन्द्वितीये तु युगे पुनः । दत्तात्रेयावतारोऽत्रेः पुत्रत्वमगमद्धरिः ॥ ६ ॥ ब्रह्मा विष्णुस्तथा रुद्रस्त्रयोऽमी देवसत्तमाः । पुत्रत्वमगमन्देवास्तस्यात्रेर्भार्यया वृताः ॥ ७ ॥ अनसूयात्रिपत्नी च सतीनामुत्तमा सती । यया सम्प्रार्थिता देवाः पुत्रत्वमगमंस्त्रयः ॥ ८ ॥ ब्रह्माभूत्सोमरूपस्तु दत्तात्रेयो हरिः स्वयम् । दुर्वासा रुद्ररूपोऽसौ पुत्रत्वं ते प्रपेदिरे ॥ ९ ॥ नृसिंहस्यावतारस्तु देवकार्यार्थसिद्धये । चतुर्थे तु युगे जातो द्विधारूपो मनोहरः ॥ १० ॥ हिरण्यकशिपोः सम्यग्वधाय भगवान् हरिः । चक्रे रूपं नारसिंहं देवानां विस्मयप्रदम् ॥ ११ ॥ बलेर्नियमनार्थाय श्रेष्ठे त्रेतायुगे तथा । चकार रूपं भगवान् वामनं कश्यपान्मुनेः ॥ १२ ॥ छलयित्वा मखे भूपं राज्यं तस्य जहार ह । पाताले स्थापयामास बलिं वामनरूपधृक् ॥ १३ ॥ युगे चैकोनविंशेऽथ त्रेताख्ये भगवान् हरिः । जमदग्निसुतो जातो रामो नाम महाबलः ॥ १४ ॥ क्षत्रियान्तकरः श्रीमान्सत्यवादी जितेन्द्रियः । दत्तवान्मेदिनीं कृत्स्नां कश्यपाय महात्मने ॥ १५ ॥ यो वै परशुरामाख्यो हरेरद्भुतकर्मणः । अवतारस्तु राजेन्द्र कथितः पापनाशनः ॥ १६ ॥ त्रेतायुगे रघोर्वंशे रामो दशरथात्मजः । नरनारायणांशौ द्वौ जातौ भुवि महाबलौ ॥ १७ ॥ अष्टाविंशे युगे शस्तौ द्वापरेऽर्जुनशौरिणौ । धराभारावतारार्थं जातौ कृष्णार्जुनौ भुवि ॥ १८ ॥ कृतवन्तौ महायुद्धं कुरुक्षेत्रेऽतिदारुणम् । एवं युगे युगे राजन्नवतारा हरेः किल ॥ १९ ॥ भवन्ति बहवः कामं प्रकृतेरनुरूपतः । प्रकृतेरखिलं सर्वं वशमेतज्जगत्त्रयम् ॥ २० ॥ यथेच्छति तथैवेयं भ्रामयत्यनिशं जगत् । पुरुषस्य प्रियार्थं सा रचयत्यखिलं जगत् ॥ २१ ॥ सृष्ट्वा पुरा हि भगवाञ्जगदेतच्चराचरम् । सर्वादिः सर्वगश्चासौ दुर्ज्ञेयः परमोऽव्ययः ॥ २२ ॥ निरालम्बो निराकारो निःस्पृहश्च परात्परः । उपाधितस्त्रिधा भाति यस्याः सा प्रकृतिः परा ॥ २३ ॥ उत्पत्तिकालयोगात्सा भिन्ना भाति शिवा तदा । सा विश्वं कुरुते कामं सा पालयति कामदा ॥ २४ ॥ कल्पान्ते संहरत्येव त्रिरूपा विश्वमोहिनी । तया युक्तोऽसृज द्ब्रह्मा विष्णुः पाति तयान्वितः ॥ २५ ॥ रुद्रः संहरते कामं तया सम्मिलितः शिवः । सा चैवोत्पाद्य काकुत्स्थं पुरा वै नृपसत्तमम् ॥ २६ ॥ कुत्रचित्स्थापयामास दानवानां जयाय च । एवमस्मिंश्च संसारे सुखदुःखान्विताः किल ॥ २७ ॥ भवन्ति प्राणिनः सर्वे विधितन्त्रनियन्त्रिताः ॥ २८ ॥
janamejaya uvāca bhṛguśāpānmuniśreṣṭha hareradbhutakarmaṇaḥ | avatārāḥ kathaṃ jātāḥ kasminmanvantare vibho || 1 || vistarādvada dharmajña avatārakathā hareḥ | pāpanāśakarīṃ brahmañchrutāṃ sarvasukhāvahām || 2 || vyāsa uvāca śṛṇu rājan pravakṣyāmi avatārān hareryathā | yasminmanvantare jātā yuge yasminnarādhipa || 3 || yena rūpeṇa yatkāryaṃ kṛtaṃ nārāyaṇena vai | tatsarvaṃ nṛpa vakṣyāmi saṃkṣepeṇa tavādhunā || 4 || dharmasyaivāvatāro'bhūccākṣuṣe manusambhave | naranārāyaṇau dharmaputrau khyātau mahītale || 5 || atha vaivasvatākhye'smindvitīye tu yuge punaḥ | dattātreyāvatāro'treḥ putratvamagamaddhariḥ || 6 || brahmā viṣṇustathā rudrastrayo'mī devasattamāḥ | putratvamagamandevāstasyātrerbhāryayā vṛtāḥ || 7 || anasūyātripatnī ca satīnāmuttamā satī | yayā samprārthitā devāḥ putratvamagamaṃstrayaḥ || 8 || brahmābhūtsomarūpastu dattātreyo hariḥ svayam | durvāsā rudrarūpo'sau putratvaṃ te prapedire || 9 || nṛsiṃhasyāvatārastu devakāryārthasiddhaye | caturthe tu yuge jāto dvidhārūpo manoharaḥ || 10 || hiraṇyakaśipoḥ samyagvadhāya bhagavān hariḥ | cakre rūpaṃ nārasiṃhaṃ devānāṃ vismayapradam || 11 || balerniyamanārthāya śreṣṭhe tretāyuge tathā | cakāra rūpaṃ bhagavān vāmanaṃ kaśyapānmuneḥ || 12 || chalayitvā makhe bhūpaṃ rājyaṃ tasya jahāra ha | pātāle sthāpayāmāsa baliṃ vāmanarūpadhṛk || 13 || yuge caikonaviṃśe'tha tretākhye bhagavān hariḥ | jamadagnisuto jāto rāmo nāma mahābalaḥ || 14 || kṣatriyāntakaraḥ śrīmānsatyavādī jitendriyaḥ | dattavānmedinīṃ kṛtsnāṃ kaśyapāya mahātmane || 15 || yo vai paraśurāmākhyo hareradbhutakarmaṇaḥ | avatārastu rājendra kathitaḥ pāpanāśanaḥ || 16 || tretāyuge raghorvaṃśe rāmo daśarathātmajaḥ | naranārāyaṇāṃśau dvau jātau bhuvi mahābalau || 17 || aṣṭāviṃśe yuge śastau dvāpare'rjunaśauriṇau | dharābhārāvatārārthaṃ jātau kṛṣṇārjunau bhuvi || 18 || kṛtavantau mahāyuddhaṃ kurukṣetre'tidāruṇam | evaṃ yuge yuge rājannavatārā hareḥ kila || 19 || bhavanti bahavaḥ kāmaṃ prakṛteranurūpataḥ | prakṛterakhilaṃ sarvaṃ vaśametajjagattrayam || 20 || yathecchati tathaiveyaṃ bhrāmayatyaniśaṃ jagat | puruṣasya priyārthaṃ sā racayatyakhilaṃ jagat || 21 || sṛṣṭvā purā hi bhagavāñjagadetaccarācaram | sarvādiḥ sarvagaścāsau durjñeyaḥ paramo'vyayaḥ || 22 || nirālambo nirākāro niḥspṛhaśca parātparaḥ | upādhitastridhā bhāti yasyāḥ sā prakṛtiḥ parā || 23 || utpattikālayogātsā bhinnā bhāti śivā tadā | sā viśvaṃ kurute kāmaṃ sā pālayati kāmadā || 24 || kalpānte saṃharatyeva trirūpā viśvamohinī | tayā yukto'sṛja dbrahmā viṣṇuḥ pāti tayānvitaḥ || 25 || rudraḥ saṃharate kāmaṃ tayā sammilitaḥ śivaḥ | sā caivotpādya kākutsthaṃ purā vai nṛpasattamam || 26 || kutracitsthāpayāmāsa dānavānāṃ jayāya ca | evamasmiṃśca saṃsāre sukhaduḥkhānvitāḥ kila || 27 || bhavanti prāṇinaḥ sarve vidhitantraniyantritāḥ || 28 ||
English translation
1-2. Janamejaya spoke O best of Munis! How did Visnu, of wonderful deeds, get his incarnation owing to the curse, cast on Him by Bhrigu? what were His different incarnations in different Manvantaras respectively? O Thou, well versed in religion! O Brahmana! Kindly narrate those sin-destroying deeds of Hah in His several incarnations, that are the source of happiness, peace and welfare to all humanity.
3. Vyasa said O king! Hear, I am narrating to you the incarnations of S’ri Bhagavan Hah which He had in the several Manvantaras and in the several Yugas respectively.
4. I will tell you now, in brief, what forms He took and what deeds He did in the various incarnations.
5. In the Chaksusa Manvantara, the Bhagavan Hah took the incarnation of Dharma; and the two sons of Dharma, Nara Narayana, were widely celebrated in this world.
6. Then, in the present Vaivasvata Manvantara, under the reign of Vaivasvata Manu in the second Yuga, Bhagavan Hari incarnated as Dattatreya, in the shape of the son of Atri Risi.
7. Anasuya the wife of Atri, was desirous to have, as her sons, the three Devas Brahma, Visnu and Rudra; and in fulfilment of her
desires, the Devas took their births in her womb.
8. Anasuya, was foremost amongst the chaste and virtuous women and on her praying, Brahma, Visnu and Rudra the Trinity at once agreed to become her sons.
9. Brahma was born as Soma, Hari was born as Dattatreya and Rudra was born as Durvasa.
10. In the fourth Yuga, the Bhagavan assumed the beautiful double form in one, the upper part resembling a lion and the lower part a human being to accomplish the noble purpose of the Devas.
11. It was to kill Hiranyakas’ipu that the Bhagavan Hari assumed this appearance, wonderful even to the Devas.
12. In the Treta Yuga, the superior and the best of all the Yugas, the Bhagavan incarnated as Vamana (the Dwarf), the son of Maharsi Kas’yapa, to curb the power of Bali.
13. The Dwarf Hari took away by pretext, the kingdom of Bali, while he was performing a sacrifice and sent him down into the Patala (the lower regions).
14. Afterwards, in the nineteenth Yuga, known as the Treta Yuga, S’ri Bhagavan Hari incarnated as Paras’urama, very powerful and the son of Jamadagni Risi.
15. He was very beautiful and graceful in his body, truthful and the conqueror of his senses. He extirpated the Ksattriya race and gave the whole world over to the high minded Risi Kas’yapa-
16. O king! He is the Paras’urama, the sin-destroyer, the incarnation of Hah, and the doer of wonderful deeds.
17-20. After that the Bhagavan Hari incarnated as Rama, the son of Das’aratha. Next in the twenty-eighth Dvapara Yuga, He incarnated as the very powerful Arjuna and S’ri Krisna, the Ams’as of Nara Narayana. To remove the load of the earth, these two were born; and they fought deadly battles in the battlefield of Kuruksettra. O king! Thus the several incarnations of Hari arose, according to the requirements of Prakriti. O King! These three worlds are under the control of Prakriti.
21. Whatever the Prakriti wishes at any time. She can fashion the world in that way. And She does this incessantly in accordance with the Word Divine, the Highest S’akti, to please the Purusa, without any cessation.
22-23. In days of yore, the most ancient Bhagavan, the Highest, above all the qualities of Maya, formless, all pervading, difficult to be conceived, without any decay, self-supporting, without any want, created these worlds, moving and unmoving and He manifested Himself as the Trinity, Brahma, Visnu, Mahes’a in the shape of the three qualities Sattva, Rajas and Tamas, and which is called the Highest Prakriti.
24. This all auspicious Prakriti shines differently according to the differences in time and circumstances. This threefold Prakriti, the Great Enchantress of the world is creating, preserving the worlds and is destroying them at the end of the Kalpas.
25. O King! Whenever there takes place the union with this Prakriti, Brahma creates, Visnu preserves, and the all-auspicious God S’ankara destroys the worlds.
26. It was She That gave birth to Kakutstha, the best of the kings; and to conquer the Danavas, She placed him at a certain place.
27. O king! Thus all men controlled by the Great Law in this world, enjoy sometimes the pleasures, enjoy sometimes pains and thus exist in the world.
Here ends the Sixteenth Chapter in the Fourth Book of S’ri Mad Devi Bhagavatam, the Mahapuranam of 18,000 verses, by Maharsi Veda Vyasa, on the Birth of the several Avataras of Visnu and their deeds.
Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 25183, revision 76341 (2016-08-19T16:39:04Z). English is Swami Vijñanananda’s complete 1921–23 public-domain translation, controlled against the archival OCR and its chapter page at https://sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk04ch16.htm. Historic spelling and transliteration are lightly normalized; no verse-by-verse alignment is asserted.