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Fifth Skandha · Chapter 2

Chapter 2

Unit 89 of 318Fifth Skandha · Chapter 2Fifth Skandha · Chapter 21 source entries

Fifth Skandha · Chapter 2

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राजोवाच योगेश्वर्याः प्रभावोऽयं कथितश्चातिविस्तरात् । ब्रूहि तच्चरितं स्वामिञ्छ्रोतुं कौतूहलं मम ॥ १ ॥ महादेवीप्रभावं वै श्रोतुं को नाभिवाञ्छति । यो जानाति जगत्सर्वं तदुत्पन्नं चराचरम् ॥ २ ॥ व्यास उवाच शृणु राजन् प्रवक्ष्यामि विस्तरेण महामते । श्रद्दधानाय शान्ताय न ब्रूयात्स तु मन्दधीः ॥ ३ ॥ पुरा युद्धमभूद्‌ घोरं देवदानवसेनयोः । पृथिव्यां पृथिवीपाल महिषाख्ये महीपतौ ॥ ४ ॥ महिषो नाम राजेन्द्र चकार तप उत्तमम् । गत्वा हेमगिरौ चोग्रं देवविस्मयकारकम् ॥ ५ ॥ वर्षाणामयुतं पूर्णं चिन्तयन्हृदि देवताम् । तस्य तुष्टो महाराज ब्रह्मा लोकपितामहः ॥ ६ ॥ तत्रागत्याब्रवीद्वाक्यं हंसारूढश्चतुर्मुखः । वरं वरय धर्मात्मन्ददामि तव वाच्छितम् ॥ ७ ॥ महिष उवाच अमरत्वं देवदेव वाञ्छामि द्रुहिण प्रभो । यथा मृत्यु भयं न स्यात्तथा कुरु पितामह ॥ ८ ॥ ब्रह्मोवाच उत्पन्नस्य ध्रुवं मृत्युर्ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च । सर्वथा मरणोत्पत्ती सर्वेषां प्राणिनां किल ॥ ९ ॥ नाशः कालेन सर्वेषां प्राणिनां दैत्यपुङ्गव । महामहीधराणां च समुद्राणां च सर्वथा ॥ १० ॥ एकं स्थानं परित्यज्य मरणस्य महीपते । प्रब्रूहि तं वरं साधो यस्ते मनसि वर्तते ॥ ११ ॥ महिष उवाच न देवान्मानुषाद्दैत्यान्मरणं मे पितामह । पुरुषान्न च मे मृत्युर्योषा मां का हनिष्यति ॥ १२ ॥ तस्मान्मे मरणं नूनं कामिन्याः कुरु पद्मज । अबला हन्त मां हन्तुं कथं शक्ता भविष्यति ॥ १३ ॥ ब्रह्मोवाच यदा कदापि दैत्येन्द्र नार्यास्ते मरणं धुवम् । न नरेभ्यो महाभाग मृतिस्ते महिषासुर ॥ १४ ॥ व्यास उवाच एवं दत्त्वा वरं तस्मै ययौ ब्रह्मा निजालयम् । सोऽपि दैत्यवरः प्राप निजं स्थानं मुदान्वितः ॥ १५ ॥ राजोवाच महिषः कस्य पुत्रोऽसौ कथं जातो महाबली । कथं च माहिषं रूपं प्राप्तं तेन महात्मना ॥ १६ ॥ व्यास उवाच दनोः पुत्रौ महाराज विख्यातौ क्षितिमण्डले । रम्भश्चैव करम्भश्च द्वावास्तां दानवोत्तमौ ॥ १७ ॥ तावपुत्रौ महाराज पुत्रार्थं तेपतुस्तपः । बहून्वर्षगणान्कामं पुण्ये पञ्चनदे जले ॥ १८ ॥ करम्भस्तु जले मग्नश्चकार परमं तपः । वृक्षं रसालवटं प्राप्य रम्भोऽग्निमसेवत ॥ १९ ॥ पञ्चाग्निसाधनासक्तः स रम्भस्तु यदाभवत् । ज्ञात्वा शचीपतिर्दुःखमुद्ययौ दानवौ प्रति ॥ २० ॥ गत्वा पञ्चनदे तत्र ग्राहरूपं चकार ह । वासवस्तु करम्भं तं तदा जग्राह पादयोः ॥ २१ ॥ निजघान च तं दुष्टं करम्भं वृत्रसूदनः । भ्रातरं निहतं श्रुत्वा रम्भः कोपं परं गतः ॥ २२ ॥ स्वशीर्षं पावके होतुमैच्छच्छित्त्वा करेण ह । केशपाशे गहीत्वाशु वामेन क्रोधसंयुतः ॥ २३ ॥ दक्षिणेन करेणोग्रं गृहीत्वा खड्गमुत्तमम् । छिनत्ति शीर्षं तत्तावद्वह्निना प्रतिबोधितः ॥ २४ ॥ उक्तश्च दैत्य मूर्खोऽसि स्वशीर्षं छेत्तुमिच्छसि । आत्महत्यातिदुःसाध्या कथं त्वं कर्तुमुद्यतः ॥ २५ ॥ वरं वरय भद्रं ते यस्ते मनसि वर्तते । मा म्रियस्व मृतेनाद्य किं ते कार्यं भविष्यति ॥ २६ ॥ व्यास उवाच तच्छुत्वा वचनं रम्भः पावकस्य सुभाषितम् । ततोऽब्रवीद्वचो रम्भस्त्यक्त्वा केशकलापकम् ॥ २७ ॥ यदि तुष्टोऽसि देवेश देहि मे वाञ्छितं वरम् । त्रैलोक्यविजयी पुत्रः स्यान्नः परबलार्दनः ॥ २८ ॥ अजेयः सर्वथा स स्याद्देवदानवमानवैः । कामरूपी महावीर्यः सर्वलोकाभिवन्दितः ॥ २९ ॥ पावकस्तं तथेत्याह भविष्यति तवेप्सितम् । पुत्रस्तव महाभाग मरणाद्विरमाधुना ॥ ३० ॥ यस्यां चित्तं तु रम्भ त्वं प्रमदायां करिष्यसि । तस्यां पुत्रो महाभाग भविष्यति बलाधिकः ॥ ३१ ॥ व्यास उवाच इत्युक्तो वह्निना रम्भो वचनं चित्तरञ्जनम् । श्रुत्वा प्रणम्य प्रययौ वह्निं तं दानवोत्तमः ॥ ३२ ॥ यक्षैः परिवृतं स्थानं रमणीयं श्रियान्वितम् । दृष्ट्वा चक्रे तदा भावं महिष्यां दानवोत्तमः ॥ ३३ ॥ मत्तायां रूपपूर्णायां विहायान्याञ्च योषितम् । सा समागाच्च तरसा कामयन्ती मुदान्विता ॥ ३४ ॥ रम्भोऽपि गमनं चक्रे भवितव्यप्रणोदितः । सा तु गर्भवती जाता महिषी तस्य वीर्यतः ॥ ३५ ॥ तां गृहीत्वाथ पातालं प्रविवेश मनोहरम् । महिषेभ्यश्च तां रक्षन्प्रियामनुमतां किल ॥ ३६ ॥ कदाचिन्महिषश्चान्यः कामार्तस्तामुपाद्रवत् । स्वयमागत्य तं हन्तुं दानवः समुपाद्रवत् ॥ ३७ ॥ स्वरक्षार्थं समागत्य महिषं समताडयत् । सोऽपि तं निजघानाशु शृङ्गाभ्यां काममोहितः ॥ ३८ ॥ ताडितस्तेन तीक्ष्णाभ्यां शृङ्गाभ्यां हृदये भृशम् । भूमौ पपात तरसा ममार च विमूर्च्छितः ॥ ३९ ॥ मृते भर्तरि सा दीना भयार्ता विद्रुता भृशम् । सा वेगात्तं वटं प्राप्य यक्षाणां शरणं गता ॥ ४० ॥ पृष्ठतस्तु गतस्तत्र महिषः कामपीडितः । कामयानस्तु तां कामी बलवीर्यमदोद्धतः ॥ ४१ ॥ रुदती सा भृशं दीना दृष्टा यक्षैर्भयातुरा । धावमानं च तं वीक्ष्य यक्षास्त्रातुं समाययुः ॥ ४२ ॥ युद्धं समभवद्‌ घोरं यक्षाणां च हयारिणा । शरेण ताडितस्तूर्णं पपात धरणीतले ॥ ४३ ॥ मृतं रम्भं समानीय यक्षास्ते परमं प्रियम् । चितायां रोपयामासुस्तस्य देहस्य शुद्धये ॥ ४४ ॥ महिषी सा पतिं दृष्ट्वा चितायां रोपितं तदा । प्रवेष्टुं सा मतिं चक्रे पतिना सह पावकम् ॥ ४५ ॥ वार्यमाणापि यक्षैः सा प्रविवेश हुताशनम् । ज्वालामालाकुलं साध्वी पतिमादाय वल्लभम् ॥ ४६ ॥ महिषस्तु चितामध्यात्समुत्तस्थौ महाबलः । रम्भोऽप्यन्यद्वपुः कृत्वा निःसृतः पुत्रवत्सलः ॥ ४७ ॥ रक्तबीजोऽप्यसौ जातो महिषोऽपि महाबलः । अभिषिक्तस्तु राज्येऽसौ हयारिरसुरोत्तमैः ॥ ४८ ॥ एवं स महिषो जातो रक्तबीजश्च वीर्यवान् । अवध्यस्तु सुरैर्दैत्यैर्मानवैश्च नृपोत्तम ॥ ४९ ॥ इत्येतत्कथितं राजन् जन्म तस्य महात्मनः । वरप्रदानञ्च तथा प्रोक्तं सर्वं सविस्तरम् ॥ ५० ॥

rājovāca yogeśvaryāḥ prabhāvo'yaṃ kathitaścātivistarāt | brūhi taccaritaṃ svāmiñchrotuṃ kautūhalaṃ mama || 1 || mahādevīprabhāvaṃ vai śrotuṃ ko nābhivāñchati | yo jānāti jagatsarvaṃ tadutpannaṃ carācaram || 2 || vyāsa uvāca śṛṇu rājan pravakṣyāmi vistareṇa mahāmate | śraddadhānāya śāntāya na brūyātsa tu mandadhīḥ || 3 || purā yuddhamabhūd‌ ghoraṃ devadānavasenayoḥ | pṛthivyāṃ pṛthivīpāla mahiṣākhye mahīpatau || 4 || mahiṣo nāma rājendra cakāra tapa uttamam | gatvā hemagirau cograṃ devavismayakārakam || 5 || varṣāṇāmayutaṃ pūrṇaṃ cintayanhṛdi devatām | tasya tuṣṭo mahārāja brahmā lokapitāmahaḥ || 6 || tatrāgatyābravīdvākyaṃ haṃsārūḍhaścaturmukhaḥ | varaṃ varaya dharmātmandadāmi tava vācchitam || 7 || mahiṣa uvāca amaratvaṃ devadeva vāñchāmi druhiṇa prabho | yathā mṛtyu bhayaṃ na syāttathā kuru pitāmaha || 8 || brahmovāca utpannasya dhruvaṃ mṛtyurdhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca | sarvathā maraṇotpattī sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ kila || 9 || nāśaḥ kālena sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ daityapuṅgava | mahāmahīdharāṇāṃ ca samudrāṇāṃ ca sarvathā || 10 || ekaṃ sthānaṃ parityajya maraṇasya mahīpate | prabrūhi taṃ varaṃ sādho yaste manasi vartate || 11 || mahiṣa uvāca na devānmānuṣāddaityānmaraṇaṃ me pitāmaha | puruṣānna ca me mṛtyuryoṣā māṃ kā haniṣyati || 12 || tasmānme maraṇaṃ nūnaṃ kāminyāḥ kuru padmaja | abalā hanta māṃ hantuṃ kathaṃ śaktā bhaviṣyati || 13 || brahmovāca yadā kadāpi daityendra nāryāste maraṇaṃ dhuvam | na narebhyo mahābhāga mṛtiste mahiṣāsura || 14 || vyāsa uvāca evaṃ dattvā varaṃ tasmai yayau brahmā nijālayam | so'pi daityavaraḥ prāpa nijaṃ sthānaṃ mudānvitaḥ || 15 || rājovāca mahiṣaḥ kasya putro'sau kathaṃ jāto mahābalī | kathaṃ ca māhiṣaṃ rūpaṃ prāptaṃ tena mahātmanā || 16 || vyāsa uvāca danoḥ putrau mahārāja vikhyātau kṣitimaṇḍale | rambhaścaiva karambhaśca dvāvāstāṃ dānavottamau || 17 || tāvaputrau mahārāja putrārthaṃ tepatustapaḥ | bahūnvarṣagaṇānkāmaṃ puṇye pañcanade jale || 18 || karambhastu jale magnaścakāra paramaṃ tapaḥ | vṛkṣaṃ rasālavaṭaṃ prāpya rambho'gnimasevata || 19 || pañcāgnisādhanāsaktaḥ sa rambhastu yadābhavat | jñātvā śacīpatirduḥkhamudyayau dānavau prati || 20 || gatvā pañcanade tatra grāharūpaṃ cakāra ha | vāsavastu karambhaṃ taṃ tadā jagrāha pādayoḥ || 21 || nijaghāna ca taṃ duṣṭaṃ karambhaṃ vṛtrasūdanaḥ | bhrātaraṃ nihataṃ śrutvā rambhaḥ kopaṃ paraṃ gataḥ || 22 || svaśīrṣaṃ pāvake hotumaicchacchittvā kareṇa ha | keśapāśe gahītvāśu vāmena krodhasaṃyutaḥ || 23 || dakṣiṇena kareṇograṃ gṛhītvā khaḍgamuttamam | chinatti śīrṣaṃ tattāvadvahninā pratibodhitaḥ || 24 || uktaśca daitya mūrkho'si svaśīrṣaṃ chettumicchasi | ātmahatyātiduḥsādhyā kathaṃ tvaṃ kartumudyataḥ || 25 || varaṃ varaya bhadraṃ te yaste manasi vartate | mā mriyasva mṛtenādya kiṃ te kāryaṃ bhaviṣyati || 26 || vyāsa uvāca tacchutvā vacanaṃ rambhaḥ pāvakasya subhāṣitam | tato'bravīdvaco rambhastyaktvā keśakalāpakam || 27 || yadi tuṣṭo'si deveśa dehi me vāñchitaṃ varam | trailokyavijayī putraḥ syānnaḥ parabalārdanaḥ || 28 || ajeyaḥ sarvathā sa syāddevadānavamānavaiḥ | kāmarūpī mahāvīryaḥ sarvalokābhivanditaḥ || 29 || pāvakastaṃ tathetyāha bhaviṣyati tavepsitam | putrastava mahābhāga maraṇādviramādhunā || 30 || yasyāṃ cittaṃ tu rambha tvaṃ pramadāyāṃ kariṣyasi | tasyāṃ putro mahābhāga bhaviṣyati balādhikaḥ || 31 || vyāsa uvāca ityukto vahninā rambho vacanaṃ cittarañjanam | śrutvā praṇamya prayayau vahniṃ taṃ dānavottamaḥ || 32 || yakṣaiḥ parivṛtaṃ sthānaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ śriyānvitam | dṛṣṭvā cakre tadā bhāvaṃ mahiṣyāṃ dānavottamaḥ || 33 || mattāyāṃ rūpapūrṇāyāṃ vihāyānyāñca yoṣitam | sā samāgācca tarasā kāmayantī mudānvitā || 34 || rambho'pi gamanaṃ cakre bhavitavyapraṇoditaḥ | sā tu garbhavatī jātā mahiṣī tasya vīryataḥ || 35 || tāṃ gṛhītvātha pātālaṃ praviveśa manoharam | mahiṣebhyaśca tāṃ rakṣanpriyāmanumatāṃ kila || 36 || kadācinmahiṣaścānyaḥ kāmārtastāmupādravat | svayamāgatya taṃ hantuṃ dānavaḥ samupādravat || 37 || svarakṣārthaṃ samāgatya mahiṣaṃ samatāḍayat | so'pi taṃ nijaghānāśu śṛṅgābhyāṃ kāmamohitaḥ || 38 || tāḍitastena tīkṣṇābhyāṃ śṛṅgābhyāṃ hṛdaye bhṛśam | bhūmau papāta tarasā mamāra ca vimūrcchitaḥ || 39 || mṛte bhartari sā dīnā bhayārtā vidrutā bhṛśam | sā vegāttaṃ vaṭaṃ prāpya yakṣāṇāṃ śaraṇaṃ gatā || 40 || pṛṣṭhatastu gatastatra mahiṣaḥ kāmapīḍitaḥ | kāmayānastu tāṃ kāmī balavīryamadoddhataḥ || 41 || rudatī sā bhṛśaṃ dīnā dṛṣṭā yakṣairbhayāturā | dhāvamānaṃ ca taṃ vīkṣya yakṣāstrātuṃ samāyayuḥ || 42 || yuddhaṃ samabhavad‌ ghoraṃ yakṣāṇāṃ ca hayāriṇā | śareṇa tāḍitastūrṇaṃ papāta dharaṇītale || 43 || mṛtaṃ rambhaṃ samānīya yakṣāste paramaṃ priyam | citāyāṃ ropayāmāsustasya dehasya śuddhaye || 44 || mahiṣī sā patiṃ dṛṣṭvā citāyāṃ ropitaṃ tadā | praveṣṭuṃ sā matiṃ cakre patinā saha pāvakam || 45 || vāryamāṇāpi yakṣaiḥ sā praviveśa hutāśanam | jvālāmālākulaṃ sādhvī patimādāya vallabham || 46 || mahiṣastu citāmadhyātsamuttasthau mahābalaḥ | rambho'pyanyadvapuḥ kṛtvā niḥsṛtaḥ putravatsalaḥ || 47 || raktabījo'pyasau jāto mahiṣo'pi mahābalaḥ | abhiṣiktastu rājye'sau hayārirasurottamaiḥ || 48 || evaṃ sa mahiṣo jāto raktabījaśca vīryavān | avadhyastu surairdaityairmānavaiśca nṛpottama || 49 || ityetatkathitaṃ rājan janma tasya mahātmanaḥ | varapradānañca tathā proktaṃ sarvaṃ savistaram || 50 ||

English translation

1-2. The king said “Lord! You have described fully the glory of the Maha Maya YogesVari; now describe Her Life and Character; I am very eager to hear them. This whole universe, moving and nonmoving, has been created by Mahes'vari; who is there that desires not to hear Her Glory!”

3-7. Vyasa spoke O king! You are very intelligent; I will describe in detail all this to you; whoever does not describe Her Glory to the peaceful and faithful, is certainly low-minded? In days of yore, a terrible battle ensued between the Devas and Danava forces on this earth when Mahisasura was the Ruler of this world. O king! Mahisasura went to the mountain of Sumeru and performed a very severe and excellent tapasya, wonderful even to the gods. O king! Meditating on his Ista Devata (the deity for his worship) in his heart, elapsed full ten thousand years, when Brahma the Grandfather of all the Lokas, was pleased with him. The fourfaced Brahma, arrived there on his vehicle the swan, asked Mahisasura “O One of virtuous soul! Ask from me what is your desired object; I will grant thee boon.”

8. Mahisa said “O Lord, Lotus-eyed! I want to become immortal! therefore O Thou, the Grandfather of the Devas! Dost thou do for me so that I have no fear of death.”

9-11. Brahma said “O Mahisa! Birth must be followed by death, and death must be followed by birth; this is the eternal law of nature. Then know this as certain that when one is born, one must die; and when one dies, one will be born. O Lord of the Danavas! What more to say than this, that high mountains, vast oceans, and all the beings will die when time will come. O Ruler of the earth! You are virtuous;

therefore ask any other boon than this immortality; I will grant that to you.”

12-13. Mahisa said “O Grand Sire! Grant, then, that no Deva, Danava, nor human being of the male sex can cause my death. There is none among women who can cause my death. Therefore, O Lotus-eyed! Let woman be the cause of my death; how can women slay me! The are too weak to kill me!”

14. Brahma said “O Lord of the Danavas! Your death will certainly occur, at any time, through a woman; O Highly Fortunate One! No man will be able to cause your death.”

15. Vyasa said Thus granting him the boon, Brahma went to his own abode; the lord of the Danavas, too, returned to his place, very glad.

16. The king said “O Bhagavan! Whose son was this powerful Mahisasura; how his birth took place? and why, too, did he get a body of a buffalo?”

17-26. Vyasa said O king! Rambha and Karambha were the two sons of Danu; these two Danavas were far famed in this world for their pre-eminence. O king! They had no issues; hence, desirous of issues, they went to the sacred banks of the Indus (Pahcha Nada) and there performed severe asceticism for long years. Karambha got himself submerged in water and thus began his severe tapasya; while the other, Rambha, had recourse to a juicy peepul tree (haunted by Yakshinis) and there began to worship Fire. Rambha remained, engaged in worshipping the Five Fires; knowing this.

Indra, the Lord of S'achi, was pained and hurried thither, being very anxious. Going to Pahcha Nada, Indra assumed the form of a crocodile and caught hold of the legs of the wicked Karambha and killed him. Hearing of the death of his brother, Rambha got very much enraged and wishing to offer his own head as an oblation to the Fire, he wanted to cut off his own head; he, being infuriated, held the hairs of his head by his left hand, and, catching hold of a good axe, by his right hand, was on the point of cutting it, when the Fire gave him knowledge, desisted him from this act and spoke thus You are stupid; why have you desired to cut off your own head; killing one's ownself is a great sin; and there is no means of deliverance from this sin. Why are you then ready to execute it? Do not seek your death now; what end will that serve you? Rather ask boons from me; thus you will get your welfare.

27-31. Vyasa said O king! Hearing thus the sweet words of Fire, Rambha quitted the hold of his hairs and said O Lord of the Devas! If thou art pleased, grant my desired boon that a son be born unto me, who will destroy the forces of my enemy and who will conquer the three worlds. And that son be invincible in every way by the Devas, Danavas and men, very powerful, assuming forms at will, and respected by all. The Fire said O highly Fortunate! You will get your son, as you desire; therefore desist now from your attempting suicide. O highly fortunate Rambha! With any female of whichever species, you will co-habit, you will get a son, more powerful than you; there is no doubt in this.

32-50. Vyasa said O king! Hearing thus the sweet words of the Fire as desired, Rambha, the chief of the Danavas, went, surrounded by Yaksas, to a beautiful place, adorned with picturesque sceneries; when one lovely she-buffalo, who was very maddened with passion, fell to the sight of Rambha. And he desired to have sexual intercourse with her, in preference to other women.

The she-buffallo, too, gladly yielded to his purpose and Rambha had sexual intercourse with her, impelled as it were by the destiny. The she-buffalo became pregnant with his semen virile. The Danava, too, carried the she-buffalo, his dear wife, to Patala (the lower regions) for her protection. On one occasion, another buffalo got excited and wanted to fall upon the she-buffalo. The Danava was also ready to kill him. The Danava came hurriedly and struck the buffalo for the safety of his wife; whereon the excited buffalo attacked him with his horns. The buffalo struck him so violently with his sharp horns that Rambha fell down senseless all on a sudden and finally died. Seeing her husband dead, the she-buffalo quickly fled away in distress and, with terror, she quickly went to the peepul tree and took refuge under the Yaksas. But that buffalo, excited very much and maddened with vigour, ran in pursuit of her, desiring intercourse with her. On seeing the miserable plight of the weeping she-buffalo, distressed with fear, and seeing the buffalo in pursuit of her, the Yaksas assembled to protect her. A terrible fight ensued between the buffalo and the Yaksas, when the buffalo, shot with arrows by them, fell down and died. Rambha was very much liked by the Yaksas; so they cremated his dead body for its purification. The she-buffalo, seeing her husband laid in the funeral pyre, expressed her desire to enter also into that fire. The Yaksas resisted; but that chaste wife quickly entered into the burning fire along with her husband. When the she- buffalo died, the powerful Mahisa rose from his mother's womb from the midst of the funeral pyre; Rambha, too, emerged from the fire in another form out of his affection towards his son. Rambha was known as Raktavija after he had changed his form. His son was thus born as a very powerful Danava and became famous by the name of Mahisa. The chief Danavas installed Mahisa on the throne. O king! The very powerful Raktavija and the Danava Mahisa, thus took their births and became invincible of the Devas, Danavas and human beings. O king! I have now described to you the birth of the highsouled Danava Mahisa and his getting the boon, all in detail.

Here ends the Second Chapter of the Fifth Book on the birth of Mahisa Danava in the Devi Bhagavatam, the Mahapuranam composed of 18,000 verses by Maharsi Veda Vyasa.

Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 24401, revision 74834 (2016-07-21T14:40:03Z). English is Swami Vijñanananda’s complete 1921–23 public-domain translation, controlled against the archival OCR and its chapter page at https://sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk05ch02.htm. Historic spelling and transliteration are lightly normalized; no verse-by-verse alignment is asserted.