Eighth Skandha · Chapter 16
Sourceश्रीनारायण उवाच अथातः श्रूयतां चित्रं सोमादीनां गमादिकम् । तद्गत्यनुसृता नॄणां शुभाशुभनिदर्शना ॥ १ ॥ यथा कुलालचक्रेण भ्रमता भ्रमतां सह । तदाश्रयाणां च गतिरन्या कीटादिनां भवेत् ॥ २ ॥ एवं हि राशिवृन्देन कालचक्रेण तेन च । मेरुं धुरं च सरतां प्रादक्षिण्येन सर्वदा ॥ ३ ॥ ग्रहाणां भानुमुख्यानां गतिरन्यैव दृश्यते । नक्षत्रान्तरगामित्वाद्भान्तरे गमनं तथा ॥ ४ ॥ गतिद्वयं चाविरुद्धं सर्वत्रैष विनिर्णयः । स एव भगवानादिपुरुषो लोकभावनः ॥ ५ ॥ नारायणोऽखिलाधारो लोकानां स्वस्तये भ्रमन् । कर्मशुद्धिनिमित्तं तु आत्मानं वै त्रयीमयम् ॥ ६ ॥ कविभिश्चैव वेदेन विजिज्ञास्योऽर्कधाभवत् । षट्सु क्रमेण ऋतुषु वसन्तादिषु च स्वयम् ॥ ७ ॥ यथोपजोषमृतुजान् गुणान् वै विदधाति च । तमेनं पुरुषाः सर्वे त्रय्या च विद्यया सदा ॥ ८ ॥ वर्णाश्रमाचारपथा तथाम्नातैश्च कर्मभिः । उच्चावचैः श्रद्धया च योगानां च वितानकैः ॥ ९ ॥ अञ्जसा च यजन्ते ये श्रेयो विन्दन्ति ते मतम् । अथैष आत्मा लोकानां द्यावाभूम्यन्तरेण च ॥ १० ॥ कालचक्रगतो भुङ्क्ते मासान्द्वादशराशिभिः । संवत्सरस्यावयवान्मासः पक्षद्वयं दिवा ॥ ११ ॥ नक्तं चेति स पादर्क्षद्वयमित्युपदिश्यते । यावता षष्ठमंशं स भुञ्जीत ऋतुरुच्यते ॥ १२ ॥ संवत्सरस्यावयवः कविभिश्चोपवर्णितः । यावतार्धेन चाकाशवीथ्यां प्रचरते रविः ॥ १३ ॥ तं प्राक्तना वर्णयन्ति अयनं मुनिपूजिताः । अथ यावन्नभोमण्डलं सह प्रतिगच्छति ॥ १४ ॥ कार्त्स्न्येन सह भुञ्जीत कालं तं वत्सरं विदुः । संवत्सरं परिवत्सरमिडावत्सरमेव च ॥ १५ ॥ अनुवत्सरमिद्वत्सरमिति पञ्चकमीरितम् । भानोर्मान्द्यशैघ्र्यसमगतिभिः कालवित्तमैः ॥ १६ ॥ एवं भानोर्गतिः प्रोक्ता चन्द्रादीनां निबोधत । एवं चन्द्रोऽर्करश्मिभ्यो लक्षयोजनमूर्ध्वतः ॥ १७ ॥ उपलभ्यमानो मित्रस्य संवत्सरभुजिं च सः । पक्षाभ्यां चौषधीनाथो भुङ्क्ते मासभुजिं च सः ॥ १८ ॥ सपादमाभ्यां दिवसभुक्तिं पक्षभुजिं चरेत् । एवं शीघ्रगतिः सोमो भुङ्क्ते नूनं भचक्रकम् ॥ १९ ॥ पूर्यमाणकलाभिश्चामराणां प्रीतिमावहन् । क्षीयमाणकलाभिश्च पितॄणां चित्तरञ्जकः ॥ २० ॥ अहोरात्राणि तन्वानः पूर्वापरसुघस्रकैः । सर्वजीवनिकायस्य प्राणो जीवः स एव हि ॥ २१ ॥ भुङ्क्ते चैकैकनक्षत्रं मुहूर्तत्रिंशता विभुः । स एव षोडशकलः पुरुषोऽनादिसत्तमः ॥ २२ ॥ मनोमयोऽप्यन्नमयोऽमृतधामा सुधाकरः । देवपितृमनुष्यादिसरीसृपसवीरुधाम् ॥ २३ ॥ प्राणाप्यायनशीलत्वात्स सर्वमय उच्यते । ततो भचक्रं भ्रमति योजनानां त्रिलक्षतः ॥ २४ ॥ मेरुप्रदक्षिणेनैव योजितं चेश्वरेण तु । अष्टाविंशतिसंख्यानि गणितानि सहाभिजित् ॥ २५ ॥ ततः शुक्रो द्विलक्षेण योजनानामथोपरि । पुरः पश्चात्सहैवासावर्कस्य परिवर्तते ॥ २६ ॥ शीघ्रमन्दसमानाभिर्गतिभिर्विचरन्विभुः । लोकानामनुकूलोऽयं प्रायः प्रोक्तः शुभावहः ॥ २७ ॥ वृष्टिविष्टम्भशमनो भार्गवः सर्वदा मुने । शुक्राद् बुधः समाख्यातो योजनानां द्विलक्षतः ॥ २८ ॥ शीघ्रमन्दसमानाभिर्गतिभिः शुक्रवत्सदा । यदार्काद्व्यतिरिच्येत सौम्यः प्रायेण तत्र तु ॥ २९ ॥ अतिवाताभ्रपातानां वृष्ट्यादिभयसूचकः । उपरिष्ठात्ततो भौमो योजनानां द्विलक्षतः ॥ ३० ॥ पक्षैस्त्रिभिस्त्रिभिः सोऽयं भुङ्क्ते राशीनथैकशः । द्वादशापि च देवर्षे यदि वक्रो न जायते ॥ ३१ ॥ प्रायेणाशुभकृत्सोऽयं ग्रहौघानां च सूचकः । नतो द्विलक्षमानेन योजनानां च गीष्पतिः ॥ ३२ ॥ एकैकस्मिन्नथो राशौ भुङ्गे संवत्सरं चरन् । यदि वक्रो भवेन्नैवानुकूलो ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥ ३३ ॥ ततः शनैश्चरो घोरो लक्षद्वयपरो मितः । योजनैः सूर्यपुत्रोऽयं त्रिंशन्मासैः परिभ्रमन् ॥ ३४ ॥ एकैकराशौ पर्येति सर्वान् राशीन्महाग्रहः । सर्वेषामशुभो मन्दः प्रोक्तः कालविदां वरैः ॥ ३५ ॥ तत उत्तरतः प्रोक्तमेकादशसुलक्षकैः । योजनैः परिसंख्यातं सप्तर्षीणां च मण्डलम् ॥ ३६ ॥ लोकानां शं भावयन्तो मुनयः सप्त ते मुने । यत्तद्विष्णुपदं स्थानं दक्षिणं प्रक्रमन्ति ते ॥ ३७
śrīnārāyaṇa uvāca athātaḥ śrūyatāṃ citraṃ somādīnāṃ gamādikam | tadgatyanusṛtā nṝṇāṃ śubhāśubhanidarśanā || 1 || yathā kulālacakreṇa bhramatā bhramatāṃ saha | tadāśrayāṇāṃ ca gatiranyā kīṭādināṃ bhavet || 2 || evaṃ hi rāśivṛndena kālacakreṇa tena ca | meruṃ dhuraṃ ca saratāṃ prādakṣiṇyena sarvadā || 3 || grahāṇāṃ bhānumukhyānāṃ gatiranyaiva dṛśyate | nakṣatrāntaragāmitvādbhāntare gamanaṃ tathā || 4 || gatidvayaṃ cāviruddhaṃ sarvatraiṣa vinirṇayaḥ | sa eva bhagavānādipuruṣo lokabhāvanaḥ || 5 || nārāyaṇo'khilādhāro lokānāṃ svastaye bhraman | karmaśuddhinimittaṃ tu ātmānaṃ vai trayīmayam || 6 || kavibhiścaiva vedena vijijñāsyo'rkadhābhavat | ṣaṭsu krameṇa ṛtuṣu vasantādiṣu ca svayam || 7 || yathopajoṣamṛtujān guṇān vai vidadhāti ca | tamenaṃ puruṣāḥ sarve trayyā ca vidyayā sadā || 8 || varṇāśramācārapathā tathāmnātaiśca karmabhiḥ | uccāvacaiḥ śraddhayā ca yogānāṃ ca vitānakaiḥ || 9 || añjasā ca yajante ye śreyo vindanti te matam | athaiṣa ātmā lokānāṃ dyāvābhūmyantareṇa ca || 10 || kālacakragato bhuṅkte māsāndvādaśarāśibhiḥ | saṃvatsarasyāvayavānmāsaḥ pakṣadvayaṃ divā || 11 || naktaṃ ceti sa pādarkṣadvayamityupadiśyate | yāvatā ṣaṣṭhamaṃśaṃ sa bhuñjīta ṛturucyate || 12 || saṃvatsarasyāvayavaḥ kavibhiścopavarṇitaḥ | yāvatārdhena cākāśavīthyāṃ pracarate raviḥ || 13 || taṃ prāktanā varṇayanti ayanaṃ munipūjitāḥ | atha yāvannabhomaṇḍalaṃ saha pratigacchati || 14 || kārtsnyena saha bhuñjīta kālaṃ taṃ vatsaraṃ viduḥ | saṃvatsaraṃ parivatsaramiḍāvatsarameva ca || 15 || anuvatsaramidvatsaramiti pañcakamīritam | bhānormāndyaśaighryasamagatibhiḥ kālavittamaiḥ || 16 || evaṃ bhānorgatiḥ proktā candrādīnāṃ nibodhata | evaṃ candro'rkaraśmibhyo lakṣayojanamūrdhvataḥ || 17 || upalabhyamāno mitrasya saṃvatsarabhujiṃ ca saḥ | pakṣābhyāṃ cauṣadhīnātho bhuṅkte māsabhujiṃ ca saḥ || 18 || sapādamābhyāṃ divasabhuktiṃ pakṣabhujiṃ caret | evaṃ śīghragatiḥ somo bhuṅkte nūnaṃ bhacakrakam || 19 || pūryamāṇakalābhiścāmarāṇāṃ prītimāvahan | kṣīyamāṇakalābhiśca pitṝṇāṃ cittarañjakaḥ || 20 || ahorātrāṇi tanvānaḥ pūrvāparasughasrakaiḥ | sarvajīvanikāyasya prāṇo jīvaḥ sa eva hi || 21 || bhuṅkte caikaikanakṣatraṃ muhūrtatriṃśatā vibhuḥ | sa eva ṣoḍaśakalaḥ puruṣo'nādisattamaḥ || 22 || manomayo'pyannamayo'mṛtadhāmā sudhākaraḥ | devapitṛmanuṣyādisarīsṛpasavīrudhām || 23 || prāṇāpyāyanaśīlatvātsa sarvamaya ucyate | tato bhacakraṃ bhramati yojanānāṃ trilakṣataḥ || 24 || merupradakṣiṇenaiva yojitaṃ ceśvareṇa tu | aṣṭāviṃśatisaṃkhyāni gaṇitāni sahābhijit || 25 || tataḥ śukro dvilakṣeṇa yojanānāmathopari | puraḥ paścātsahaivāsāvarkasya parivartate || 26 || śīghramandasamānābhirgatibhirvicaranvibhuḥ | lokānāmanukūlo'yaṃ prāyaḥ proktaḥ śubhāvahaḥ || 27 || vṛṣṭiviṣṭambhaśamano bhārgavaḥ sarvadā mune | śukrād budhaḥ samākhyāto yojanānāṃ dvilakṣataḥ || 28 || śīghramandasamānābhirgatibhiḥ śukravatsadā | yadārkādvyatiricyeta saumyaḥ prāyeṇa tatra tu || 29 || ativātābhrapātānāṃ vṛṣṭyādibhayasūcakaḥ | upariṣṭhāttato bhaumo yojanānāṃ dvilakṣataḥ || 30 || pakṣaistribhistribhiḥ so'yaṃ bhuṅkte rāśīnathaikaśaḥ | dvādaśāpi ca devarṣe yadi vakro na jāyate || 31 || prāyeṇāśubhakṛtso'yaṃ grahaughānāṃ ca sūcakaḥ | nato dvilakṣamānena yojanānāṃ ca gīṣpatiḥ || 32 || ekaikasminnatho rāśau bhuṅge saṃvatsaraṃ caran | yadi vakro bhavennaivānukūlo brahmavādinām || 33 || tataḥ śanaiścaro ghoro lakṣadvayaparo mitaḥ | yojanaiḥ sūryaputro'yaṃ triṃśanmāsaiḥ paribhraman || 34 || ekaikarāśau paryeti sarvān rāśīnmahāgrahaḥ | sarveṣāmaśubho mandaḥ proktaḥ kālavidāṃ varaiḥ || 35 || tata uttarataḥ proktamekādaśasulakṣakaiḥ | yojanaiḥ parisaṃkhyātaṃ saptarṣīṇāṃ ca maṇḍalam || 36 || lokānāṃ śaṃ bhāvayanto munayaḥ sapta te mune | yattadviṣṇupadaṃ sthānaṃ dakṣiṇaṃ prakramanti te || 37
English translation
S’n Narayana said O Narada! Now hear the wonderful movements of the planets and their positions. The auspicious and inauspicious events of the mankind, are due to the different movements of these planets. As in a potter’s wheel going round and round, the motion of the insects crawling on the wheel, appears in a contrary direction, so the motion of the Sun and other planets moving on the Zodiac composed of the Basis (12 constellations) which again always moves round the Meru as an axle, appears different. Their motion from one star to another and from one constellation to another appears so likewise. These two motions therefore are not contradictory but are consistent; so it is settled everywhere by the learned Pundits (as being subservient to the Zodiac). O Narada! He, Who is the Origin of all. Who is the Adi Purusa, from Whom all these have sprung. Who is endowed with six extraordinary powers, in Whom all this Prapahcha, this material world composed of the five elements remains, that Narayana, roaming about, has divided the Trayi Atma into twelve parts for the perfect happiness of all and for Karma S’uddhis (the purification of Karma, acts). The sages furnished with Jhan and Vijhana have thus argued on the point, following the path as laid out in the Vedas. The Surya Narayana, moving on in the six seasons, spring, etc., has established, cold, heat, etc., as the Dharma of the seasons, duly for the fructification of the Karmas of the individual beings. Those persons that worship this Adipurusa, with devotion, according to the knowledge of the Vedas the customs and usages of Varna (castes) and As’rama (Brahmacharya, etc.), and with various performances of Yogas, get their fruits respectively according to their desires. This Sun is the Atman of all the Lokas and resting on the Zodiac between the Heavens and the Earth, enjoys the twelve months in the twelve constellations, Aries, etc. These months are the limbs of the year. Two fortnights make one month. The 21 asterisms go to form one month according to the Solar measure, of the day and night.
The period that the Sun takes to travel over the two constellations is called Ritu or the Season (i.e., two months). The Scientists say that this season is the limb of one Samvatsara. The path that the Sun describes within the three seasons or half the year in the Zodiac is called one Ayanam. The time taken by the Sun with earth and heavens to make a circuit of the Zodiac is called one Vatsara or year. This year is reckoned into five divisions as Samvatsara, Parivatsara, Idavatsara, Anuvatsara, and Idvatsara. These are functioned by the S’lghra, Manda, and uniform motions of the Sun. So the Munis say. Thus far the motion of the Sun has been described. Now hear that of the Moon. The Moon is situated one lakh Yoyanas higher than the Sun and shares with the motion of the Sun for one year; and She enjoys as well every month with the Sun in the shape of the dark and bright fortnights. The Moon, the Lord of Night and of the medicinal plants also enjoys the day and night by the help of one constellation or 2% Naksattras. Thus, by Her S’lghragati, the Moon enjoys the Naksattras. During the bright fortnight, the Moon becomes more and more visible and gives pleasure to the Immortals by Her increasing phases; and, during the dark fortnight by Her waning phases. She delights the Piths. She performs revolution in the day and night by Her both the phases of the bright and dark fortnights. Thus She becomes the Life and Soul of all the living beings. The Moon, endowed with the highest prosperity, travels one Naksattra in thirty Muhurtas. She is Full and the Soul without any beginning. She fructifies the desires (Sankalpas) and resolves of all; hence She is called Manomaya. She is the Lord of all the medicinal plants (Osadhis); hence She is called Annamaya. She is filled with nectar; hence She is called the Abode of Immortality and She gives Nirvana (the final liberation) to all. Hence She is called Sudhakara. She nourishes and satisfies the Devas, Piths, men, reptiles and trees; hence She is called “Sarvamaya.” By Her influence the asterisms travel over the three lakh Yoyanas. The God Himself has made the Naksattra Abhijit to revolve round the Meru, along with the other Naksattras in the
Zodiac; so this is reckoned as the twenty-eighth Naksattra. The planet Venus (S’ukra) is situated above the Moon two lakh Yoyanas high. He sometimes goes before the Sun, sometimes behind and sometimes along with Him. He is very powerful. His motion is of three kinds (1) S’lghra, (2) Manda, and (3) uniform. He is generally favourable to all the persons and does for them many auspicious things. So it is stated in the S’astras. O Muni! S’ukra, the illustrious scion of Bhrigu, removes the obstacles to the rains. Next to S’ukra, the planet Mercury (Budha) is situated two lakh Yoyanas high. Like S’ukra, he, too, goes sometimes in front sometimes behind and sometimes along with the Sun. And his motion too, is of three kinds S’lghra, Manda, and uniform. When Mercury the Son of Moon, is away from the Sun, then Ativata (strong winds, hurricanes), Abhrapata (the falling of meteors from the clouds) and draught and other fears arise. The planet Mars, the son of the Earth is situated two lakh Yoyanas higher. Within three fortnights (45 days) he travels one Ras’i. This occurs when his motion is not retrograde. This Mars causes all sorts of mischief, evils, and miseries to mankind. The planet Jupiter is situated two lakh Yoyanas higher. He passes through one Ras’T in one year. When his motion is not retrograde, he is always in favour with the Brahma Vadis. Next to Brihaspati, come the planet Saturn, the son of the Sun, two lakh Yoyanas higher. He takes thirty months to pass over one Ras’T. This planet causes all sorts of unrest and miseries to all. Therefore He is called a Manda Graha (a malefic planet). Next to it, is situated the Saptarsi mandala, the Great Bear, eleven lakh Yoyanas higher up. O Muni! The seven planets always do special favours to all. These circumambulate the Visnupada, the Polar Star.
Here ends the Sixteenth Chapter in the Eighth Book on the motion of the planets in the Maha Puranam S’rT Mad DevT Bhagavatam of 18,000 verses by Maharsi Veda Vyasa.
Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 23828, revision 73370 (2016-07-03T02:52:13Z). English is Swami Vijñanananda’s complete 1921–23 public-domain translation, controlled against the archival OCR and its chapter page at https://sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk08ch16.htm. Historic spelling and transliteration are lightly normalized; no verse-by-verse alignment is asserted.