राम
V.4218.4118.43

Chapter 18 · Verse 42·Spoken by Krishna

शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च।ज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम्

śhamo damas tapaḥ śhauchaṁ kṣhāntir ārjavam eva cha jñānaṁ vijñānam āstikyaṁ brahma-karma svabhāva-jam

—:—— / —:——

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Sanskrit recitation by Swami Brahmānanda

Audio from the Gītā Supersite, IIT Kanpur

Word by Word

śhamaḥtranquilitydamaḥrestrainttapaḥausterityśhauchampuritykṣhāntiḥpatienceārjavamintegrityevacertainlychaandjñānamknowledgevijñānamwisdomāstikyambelief in a hereafterbrahmaof the priestly classkarmaworksvabhāva-jamborn of one’s intrinsic qualities

Reading set · 5 translations · 3 commentaries

Translation · 5 voices

The natural duties of the Brahmanas are the control of the internal and external organs, austerity, purity, forgiveness, straightforwardness, knowledge, as well as wisdom [Knowledge refers to the understanding of subjects presented by the scriptures; wisdom means making them matters of one's own experience.], and faith.

Swami Gambiranandaafter Śaṅkara's bhāṣya· paired with Śaṅkara

The control of the senses and mind, austerity, purity, forbearance, uprightness, knowledge, special knowledge, and faith—all these constitute the duty of a Brahmana, born of his inherent nature.

Swami Adidevanandaafter Rāmānuja's bhāṣya· paired with Rāmānuja

Quietude, self-control, purity, forbearance, straightforwardness, knowledge, wisdom, and faith in another world are the duties of the Brahmanas, born of their nature.

Dr. S. Sankaranarayanafter Madhva's bhāṣya· paired with Madhva

Serenity, self-restraint, austerity, purity, forgiveness, and uprightness, as well as knowledge, realization, and belief in God, are the duties of Brahmanas, born of their own nature.

Swami SivanandaThe Bhagavad Gita

Serenity, self-restraint, austerity, purity, forgiveness, uprightness, knowledge, wisdom, and faith in God—these constitute the duty of a spiritual teacher.

Shri Purohit SwamiThe Geeta

ŚaṅkarācāryaGītā-bhāṣya
Advaita Vedānta· Classical
Machine translation · draft

Tranquillity (shama) and self-restraint (dama), already explained; austerity, of body and the rest as already described; purity, explained; forbearance, patience; uprightness, straightness; knowledge and discernment; and faith, the disposition of one who holds the matters taught in scripture to be real, a trusting frame of mind, this is the action of the brahmin class, born of their nature. What was said as 'apportioned by the qualities born of nature' is the very same thing now said as 'born of nature'.

Contemporary English rendering of the Sanskrit bhāṣya, pending scholar review.

RāmānujācāryaGītā-bhāṣya
Viśiṣṭādvaita· Classical
Machine translation · draft

Tranquillity is the restraining of the outer senses. Self-restraint is the restraining of the inner organ. Austerity is the scripturally established affliction of the body, of the form of the restraining of enjoyment. Purity is the fitness for scriptural action. Forbearance is the keeping of the mind unchanged even while being pained by others. Uprightness is the showing forth, toward others, of an outer conduct in keeping with the mind. Knowledge is the knowledge of the truth, as it truly stands, of the higher and the lower reality. Discernment is the knowledge whose object is the particular feature, shared with nothing else, that belongs to the higher reality. Faith is the certainty, the firm certainty, of the truth of the whole matter of the Veda, a certainty that can by no cause be shaken; that is the meaning. The Blessed One, the highest Person, Vasudeva, denoted by the word 'supreme Brahman', in whom not a trace of any fault remains, the host of countless auspicious qualities, natural, unsurpassed, and limitless, of knowledge, power, and the rest, to be known by the whole of the Veda and the Vedanta; He alone is the single cause of the whole world, He alone the support of the whole world, He alone the setter-going of the whole; and the whole Vedic action is His worship; worshipped by this and that one, He grants the fruit named duty, wealth, pleasure, and liberation; the firm certainty of the truth of this matter is faith. For it is said, 'by all the Vedas I alone am the thing to be known', 'I am the arising of all; from Me everything sets going', 'on Me all this is strung', 'knowing Me the enjoyer of sacrifices and austerities, he reaches peace', 'there is nothing higher than Me, Dhananjaya', 'He from whom is the activity of beings, by whom all this is pervaded, worshipping Him with his own action a man finds consummation', 'he who knows Me as unborn and beginningless, the great Lord of the worlds'. This is the brahmin's nature-born action.

Contemporary English rendering of the Sanskrit bhāṣya, pending scholar review.

MadhvācāryaGītā-bhāṣya
Dvaita· Classical
Machine translation · draft

This is a brief sub-gloss. For a fuller reading of this verse, see Madhusūdana, Śaṅkara, or Rāmānuja above.

Madhvacharya does not comment on this verse.

Contemporary English rendering of the Sanskrit bhāṣya, pending scholar review.