Prīti · Sanskrit §97 · English §84
Source[९७] अथ परिकराणाम् अपि भावेषु तारतम्यं विवेचनीयं, येषां भगवत्तैवोपजीव्या । तत्र भगवत्ता तावत् सामान्यतो द्विविधैव । परमैश्वर्य-रूपा परम-माधुर्य-रूपा चेति । ऐश्वर्यं प्रभुता । माधुर्यं नाम च शील-गुण-रूप-वयो-लीलानां सम्बन्ध-विशेषाणां च मनोहरत्वं, परमत्वं च चासमोर्ध्वत्वम् । अथ भक्तादि-चतुर्-विधाः परिकराअपि द्विविधाः । परमैश्वर्यानुभव- प्रधानाः परम-माधुर्यानुभव-प्रधानाश् च । तत्रैश्वर्य-मात्रस्य साध्वस-सम्भ्रम-गौरव-बुद्धि-जनकत्वं माधुर्य-मात्रस्य प्रीति- जनकत्वम् इति सर्वानुभव-सिद्धम् एव । ततस् तत्रैश्वर्य-माधुर्ययोः परमत्वम् इति ताभ्यां यथासङ्ख्यं साध्वसादीनां प्रीतेश् च परमत्वम् एव स्यात् । अतएव - देवकी वसुदेवश् च विज्ञाय जगद्-ईश्वरौ । कृत-संवन्दनौ पुत्रौ सस्वजाते न शङ्कितौ ॥ [भ्प् १०.४४.५१] पितराव् उपलब्धार्थौ विदित्वा पुरुषोत्तमः । मा भूद् इति निजां मायां ततान जन-मोहिनीम् ॥ उवाच पितराव् एत्य साग्रजः सात्वतर्षभः । प्रश्रयावनतः प्रीणन्न् अम्ब तातेति सादरम् ॥ [भ्प् १०.४५.१-२] इत्य् आद्य्- अनन्तरम्, इति माया-मनुष्यस्य हरेर् विश्वात्मनो गिरा । मोहिताव् अङ्कम् आरोप्य परिष्वज्यापतुर् मुदम् ॥ सिञ्चन्ताव् अश्रु-धाराभिः स्नेह-पाशेन चावृतौ । न किञ्चिद् ऊचतू राजन् बाष्प-कण्ठौ विमोहितौ ॥ [भ्प् १०.४५.१०-११] उपलब्धो जातो जगदीश्वरत्व-लक्षणोऽर्थो याभ्यां तथाभूतौ ज्ञात्वा । माभूद् इति । समारूढ-पितृत्व-पदवीकत्वेन ज्ञानि-भक्त-जन-केवल- भक्त-जनादि-दुर्लभ-परम-प्रेमैक-योग्ययोस् तयोस् तद्-आच्छादकं तज्- ज्ञानं न भवत्व् इति निजां मायाम् आवरण-शक्तिं निज- जगदीश्वरत्वाच्छादनाय ततान विस्तारितवान् । तद्-अनन्तरं निज-तादृश- प्रेम-पोष्कं माधुर्यम् एव व्यञ्जितवान् इत्य् आह उवाचेत्य् आदि । अथवा माया दम्भे कृपायां च इति विश्व-प्रकोशात् निजां स्व-विषयां मायां कृपां तद्-आत्मिकां वात्सल्याख्यां प्रीतिं तयोस् ततान आविर्भावितवान् । कीदृशीं या निज-माधुर्येण सर्वम् एव जनं मोहयति ताम् । कथं ततानेत्य् आशङ्क्य निजैश्वर्याच्छादक-निज-माधुर्य- प्रकाशनेनेत्य् आह उवाचेति । अथवा माया वयुनं ज्ञानम् इति निघण्टु-दृष्ट्या निजां तादृश-प्रेम- जनकत्वेनान्तरङ्गां मायां निज-माधुर्य-ज्ञानं ततान । तत्-प्रकारम् आह उवाचेति । माया-मनुष्यस्याशेष-विद्या-प्रचुरस्य नराकृति-पर- ब्रह्मण इति । ॥ १०.४५ ॥ श्री-शुकः ॥ ९७ ॥
[97] atha parikarāṇām api bhāveṣu tāratamyaṃ vivecanīyaṃ, yeṣāṃ bhagavattaivopajīvyā | tatra bhagavattā tāvat sāmānyato dvividhaiva | paramaiśvarya-rūpā parama-mādhurya-rūpā ceti | aiśvaryaṃ prabhutā | mādhuryaṃ nāma ca śīla-guṇa-rūpa-vayo-līlānāṃ sambandha-viśeṣāṇāṃ ca manoharatvaṃ, paramatvaṃ ca cāsamordhvatvam | atha bhaktādi-catur-vidhāḥ parikarāapi dvividhāḥ | paramaiśvaryānubhava- pradhānāḥ parama-mādhuryānubhava-pradhānāś ca | tatraiśvarya-mātrasya sādhvasa-sambhrama-gaurava-buddhi-janakatvaṃ mādhurya-mātrasya prīti- janakatvam iti sarvānubhava-siddham eva | tatas tatraiśvarya-mādhuryayoḥ paramatvam iti tābhyāṃ yathāsaṅkhyaṃ sādhvasādīnāṃ prīteś ca paramatvam eva syāt | ataeva - devakī vasudevaś ca vijñāya jagad-īśvarau | kṛta-saṃvandanau putrau sasvajāte na śaṅkitau || [BhP 10.44.51] pitarāv upalabdhārthau viditvā puruṣottamaḥ | mā bhūd iti nijāṃ māyāṃ tatāna jana-mohinīm || uvāca pitarāv etya sāgrajaḥ sātvatarṣabhaḥ | praśrayāvanataḥ prīṇann amba tāteti sādaram || [BhP 10.45.1-2] ity ādy- anantaram, iti māyā-manuṣyasya harer viśvātmano girā | mohitāv aṅkam āropya pariṣvajyāpatur mudam || siñcantāv aśru-dhārābhiḥ sneha-pāśena cāvṛtau | na kiñcid ūcatū rājan bāṣpa-kaṇṭhau vimohitau || [BhP 10.45.10-11] upalabdho jāto jagadīśvaratva-lakṣaṇo'rtho yābhyāṃ tathābhūtau jñātvā | mābhūd iti | samārūḍha-pitṛtva-padavīkatvena jñāni-bhakta-jana-kevala- bhakta-janādi-durlabha-parama-premaika-yogyayos tayos tad-ācchādakaṃ taj- jñānaṃ na bhavatv iti nijāṃ māyām āvaraṇa-śaktiṃ nija- jagadīśvaratvācchādanāya tatāna vistāritavān | tad-anantaraṃ nija-tādṛśa- prema-poṣkaṃ mādhuryam eva vyañjitavān ity āha uvācety ādi | athavā māyā dambhe kṛpāyāṃ ca iti viśva-prakośāt nijāṃ sva-viṣayāṃ māyāṃ kṛpāṃ tad-ātmikāṃ vātsalyākhyāṃ prītiṃ tayos tatāna āvirbhāvitavān | kīdṛśīṃ yā nija-mādhuryeṇa sarvam eva janaṃ mohayati tām | kathaṃ tatānety āśaṅkya nijaiśvaryācchādaka-nija-mādhurya- prakāśanenety āha uvāceti | athavā māyā vayunaṃ jñānam iti nighaṇṭu-dṛṣṭyā nijāṃ tādṛśa-prema- janakatvenāntaraṅgāṃ māyāṃ nija-mādhurya-jñānaṃ tatāna | tat-prakāram āha uvāceti | māyā-manuṣyasyāśeṣa-vidyā-pracurasya narākṛti-para- brahmaṇa iti | || 10.45 || śrī-śukaḥ || 97 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 84
Anuccheda 84
As the various incarnatiosn of the Supreme Personality of Godhead are on different levels, some higher or lower, so love for the Lord is also on different levels, some kinds of love higher and others lower. The various qualities of the different stages of spiritual love (priti) show many differences. These qualities are of two basic kinds: 1. qualities that prufy the devotees' hearts (bhakta-citta-samskriya), and 2. qualities that place certain conceptions in the devotees' hearts (tad-abhimana). The first group of qualities are these: 1. love brings bliss to the devotee's heart, 2. love gives the idea "Krsna is mine", 3. love creates faith in Krsna, 4. love gives the idea that Krsna is the object of love, 5. love makes the heart melt, 6. love makes the devotee see Lord Krsna as newer and newer at every moment, and 7. love makes the devotees become wild with a sense of wonder that has no equal or superior. When it brings great bliss, spiritual love is called rati". In that stage the devotee desires to attain Lord Krsna alone. Then all other desires seem petty and insignificant. When love fills the devotee with the idea "Krsna is mine", that stage is called "prema". When that stage is reached nothing has the power to lessen or wither the devotee's love. This stage of love, where the devotee is filled with the idea "Krsna is mine" is described in many places in the scriptures. For example, the nature of thinking "it is mine" in described in these words of the Markandeya Purana:
marjara-bhaksite duhkham yadrsam grha-kukkute na tadrn mamata-sunye kalavinke 'tha musike
"A rooster that shares the same living space with a housecat, thinks, `It is my cat', and fears that someday the cat will eat him. However, a sparrow or a rat, who do not live in the same hosue with the cat, and do not think, `It is my cat', and do not have the same fear."
The nature of thinking "it is mine" when it is manifested in loving devotional service (prema-bhakti) is seen in these words of Narada-pancaratra:
ananya-mamata visnau mamata prema-samyuta bhaktir ity acyute bhisma- prahladoddhava-naradaih
"Bhisma, Prahlada, Uddhava, and Narada were filled with devotion for the infallible Supreme Personality of Godhead, pure devotion characterized by the thought, `Lord Visnu is mine. He is all I possess'."
Here the word "ananya-mamata" means "The thought: Lord Visnu is mine. He is all I possess." This kind of rapt devotion to the Lord is also described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (3.25.32):
sattva evaika-manasah. . .
"The mind's natural duty is to serve. When that service spirit is engaged in devotional service to the Personality of Godhead, without any motive, that is far better even than salvation."
When great faith is present, love for the Supreme Lord is called "pranaya". When this state is manifest it may seem appropriate that awe, veneration, and other like sentiments would be appropriate. However, they are not manifest. When the conception that Lord Krsna is one's beloved becomes very strong, and when a great wonder of varieties of the reflection of crookedness are manifest, then loving jealous anger (pranaya- mana) is manifest. When this kind of jealous anger is manifest even the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself feels love-filled fear born from His beloved's loving anger. When the melting of the heart becomes very prominent, the stage of love is called "sneha". In that stage from even a reflection of Lored Krsna's contact the devotee manifests great tears and other like symptoms. In this stage the devotee never becomes satiated by gazing at the beloved Krsna. The devotee also fears that some calamity may come. When in this stage of sneha, passionate desire becomes very strong, the stage is called "raga". In that stage the devotee cannot tolerate even a moment's separation from the beloved Krsna. When the devotee associates with Lord Krsna, the devotee thinks the greatest sufferings are all happinesses, and whne the devotee cannot associate with Krsna, the devotee thinks all happiness are the greatest sufferings. When in that stage of raga the devotee sees the beloved Krsna as newer and newer at every moment, the stage is called nava-navi-bhavann anuraga". In that stage Lord Krsna and His devotee become under each other's control. In that stage is manifest great anguish of love (prema-vaicittya). Then the devotee yearsn always to be with Krsna, and in Krsna's absence the devotee trembles with grief. When the stage of anuraga is manifest in a wonderful way without equal or superior, then the devotee becomes wild with love. This stage is called maha-bhava". In that stage the devotee cannot tolerate even the blinking of the eyes that may interrupt gazing at Lored Krsna. In Lord Krsna's presence a kalpa seems like a moment, and in Krsna's absence a moment seems like a kalpa. In both of these stages the uddipta (blazing) sattvika-bhavas are all manifest. In this way the qualities that purify the heart are revealed. The different qualities that place various conceptions in the loving devotees' hearts will now be described. As theLord manifests Himself in different ways, so the devotees feel different kinds of love for Him. Some devotees think of themselves as people who receive mercy from Lord. Other devotees think of themselves as people who give mercy to the Lord. Other devotees think of themselves as the Lord's friends. Other devotees think of themselves as the Lord's female beloved. As the Supreme Lord manifests different aspects of Himself, the devotees manifest a loving relationship appropriate to the feature the Lord manifested. In this way the Lord's eternal associates each have an eternal relationship with Him. The love manifested by the devotee when the devotee thinks himself the object of the Lord's mercy is called "bhakti". When the devotee thinks of the Lord as the object of worship, then bhakti (devotion) naturally follows. This is described in the following words of the Maya-vaibhava-sastra:
sneho 'nubandho yas tasmin bahumana-purahsarah bhaktir ity ucyate saiva karanam paramesituh
"When it is based on awe and reverence, the devotees love for the Lord is called bhakti."
Here the word "sneha" means "love" in a general sense. It is does not refer to a specific stage of love. Bhakti is also described in these words of the Padma Purana:
mahitva-buddhir bhaktis tu sneha-purvabhidhiyate
"Love where the devotee is filled with awe at the Lord's greatness is called sneha-bhakti."
The sages use the word "bhakti" in a general sense to mean "love for the Supreme Personality of Godhead". Thus the word "bhakti" has a general meaning (love and devotion) and a specific meaning (love in the stage of awe and reverence) also. Some words have a general and specific meaning in this way. For example the word "jiva" has the general meaning of "living entity". However, it also has a specific meaning of "human being". In the same way, the word "bhakti" sometimes means "inetnse bhakti", or, in other words, "prema" (love). In the same way, the word "brahmana" may refer to the brahmana class in general, or it may refer to one certain especially exalted brahmana. This usage is seen in the following verse of the Pancaratra:
mahatmya-jnana-purvas tu su-drdhah sarvato-'dhikah sneho bhaktir iti proktas taya sarsty-adi nanyatha
"When love in the mood of awe and reverence becomes very strong, it is called `sneha-bhakti'. By practicing sneha- bhakti one attains sarsti and the other kinds of Vaisnava liberation. It is not otherwise."
In some situations tyhe word "bhakti" is used to describe the state of love where in his heart the devotee thinks "Krsna is mine". In this situation the priomary meaning of the word "bhakti" is the state of devotion where the devotee thinks of himself as the recipient of thje Supreme Lord's mercy. This state where the devoptee thinks of himself as receiving the Lord's mercy is of two kinds: 1. the state where the devotee considers the Lord his maintainer, and 2. the state where the devotee thinks the Lord is especially kind to him. In the state where the devotee thinks of the Lord as the maintainer, the devotee is delighted by the Lord's nature and qualities. In the state where the devotee thinks the Lord is especially kind to him, the devotee yearns to serve the Lord. Then the devotee considers devotional service his great good fortune. His heart melts with devotion to the Lord. He spontaneously wishes to help and please the Lord. These devotees are of two kinds: 1. the devotees who do not think "the Lord is mine", and 2. the devotees who do think "the Lord is mine". The devotees who delight in thinking of the Lord as the Paramatma or Parabrahma do not think "the Lord is mine". These are the jnani-bhaktas (devotees whose conceptions are mixed with jnana). Amongst them sri Sanaka and the four Kumaras are the most prominent. Their idea, that "the Lord is not mine". is expressed in these words:
saty api bhedapagame natha tavaham na mamakinas tvam samudro hi tarangah kvacana samudro na tarangah
"O Supreme Lord, I am Yours, but You are not mine. You are like the ocean, and I am like a wave in the ocean. The wave is the property of the ocean, but the ocean is never the property of the wave."
As one gazes at the moon but does not think "the moon is mine", in the same way these devotees lovingly see the Lord, but do not think "the Lord is mine". These devotees are favorably inclined to the Lored. They offer prayers to Him and perform other like activities for Him. Still, their love for Him is called "jnana-bhakti", for they see HIm as the Brahman. Their relationship with Him is also called santa-rasa", for peacefulness (santi) is prominent amongst them. The Supreme Lord Hismelf describes them in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (11.19.36):
samo man-nisthata buddheh
"They are peaceful, and their intelligence is devoted to Me."
Now we will consider the devotees who, thinking themselves the recipients of the Supreme Lord's mercy, also think the Lord is mine". These devotees think, "the Lord is ours". Their conception is described in these words of the Pancaratra (previously quoted here in anuccheda 84):
ananya-mamata. . .
"Bhisma, Prahlada, Uddhava, and Narada were filled with devotion for the infallible Supreme Personality of Godhead, pure devotion characterized by the thought, `Lord Visnu is mine. He is all I possess'."
Bhisma, Prahlada, Uddhava, Narada, and many other devotees think in this way. However, Sanaka-kumara and the other jnana-bhaktas do not think in this way. In this way the devotees who think themselves the recipients of the Lord's mercy also think, "the Lord is mine". The devotees who think themselves the recipients of the Lord's mercy are of three kinds: 1. the devotees who think themselves protected (palya) by the Lord, 2. the devotees who think themselves servants (bhrtya) of the Lord, and 3. the devotees who think themselves objects of the Lord's affection (lalya). Now we will considsr, one by one, the natures of these various kinds of devotees. The devotees who think the Lord is their protector are the citizens of Dvaraka and other like devotees. The devotees who think they should serve the Lord are the Lord's servants, like Daruka. The devotees who think they are objects of the Lord's affection are devotees who think of Him as their superior, devotees like His sons Pradyumna and Gada. These three kinds of devotees all have priti-bhakti (loving devotion) for the Lord. The previously described jnana- bhaktas are inferior, for their knowledge of the Lord is covered. The devoteeswho think"the Lord is mine" are superior. Their love for the Lord is greater. This is explained in srila Rupa Gosvami's Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu. Now these different kinds of devotion will be considered. In the devotion wehre one thinks oneself protected by the Lord on thinks the Lord one's shelter. In the devotion where one thinks oneself the Lord's servant, one has the conception of being a servant. In the devotion where one thinks onself the object of the Lord's affection one is humble and respectful before the Lord. It is implied here that these kinds of devotion to the Lord are filled with the idea that the Lord is one's superior and with reverent activities such as bowing down to offere respects. However, reverence is not considered the essence of this kind of devotion, for without the specific conceptions these devotees have (of being personally proetcted by the Lord, personally serving Him, or personally loved by Him) mere reverent loving loving devotion is only ordinary loving devotion (bhakti-samanya) to the Lord and not the exalted devotion of these personal associates of the Lord. In the conception that the devotee gives his mercy to the Lord, the devoptee thinks, "the Lord is my son", or has another similar idea. This kind of love is called "vatsalya". The word [vatsalya" is derived from the word "vatsa" (calf). As one may be affectionate to a calf, so parents may be affectionate to their children and hug the children, holding them to their chests. This kind of love is called "vatsalya" (parental love). This kind of relationship is filled with love. They who know the nature of rasa call this vatsalya-rasa. This state, and this derivation of the word "vatsalya" are seen in these words describing Devahuti when she was separated from her son (srimad-Bhagavatam 3.33.21):
vatse gaur iva vatsala
"Devahuti's husband had already left home and accepted the renounced order of life, and then her only son, Kapila, left home. Although she knew all the truths of life and death, and although her hearet was cleansed of all dirt, she weas very aggrieved at the loss of her son, just as a cow is affected when her calf dies."
The sentiments of vatsalya-rasa are also felt by the king and queen of Vraja and many other devotees as well. When the devotee thinks: "Krsna is my equal in charm and virtues. Therefore without limit I love Him as a friend", that kind of love is called "maitra priti". When the devotee thinks: "Krsna and I enjoy many nectar pastimes together without limit. Therefore I love Him as a friend", that kind of love is called "sakhya priti". Lord Krsna's friends (mitras), therefore, are of two kinds: 1. suhrts, and 2. sakhas. Yudhisthira, Bhisma, and Draupadi are counted among the suhrts. Arjuna and sridama are counted among the sakhas. When the devotee thinks: "Krsna is my beloved", that is called "kanta-bhava". This love of a female devotee for her beloved Krsna is described in Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (2.5.36) in the definition of the word "priyata". Ordinary scholars call this by the word "rat". They say the gopis' love for Lord Krsna is like ordinary material lust, and to describe that love they use the word "kama" (lust). However the gopis' love is very different from material lust. It is far superior. Ordinary material lust has ordinary material desires at its heart. Ordinary material love is characterized by the desire for pleasant contact with material sense objects. The activities that come from these two (material lust and material love) are the same, for both are based on the desire to please one's own self. When the desire to please the beloved is manifest as a secondary goal, after pleasing one's own self, that is called material love. Pure love (suddha- priti) is when the desire to please the beloved becomes the true goal of the lover. When the prinary goal is to please the beloved, that state is called by the word "priti" (love). As the happiness of material pleasure and material love are similar, although the happiness of love is superior, so the desires of material lust and material love are similar, although the desires of material love are superior. In the same way the desires of exalted, spiritual lust and exalted, spiritual love love are similar, although the desires of exalted, spiritual love are superior. An example of exalted, spiritual love is seen in the following words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.31.19):
yat te sujata-caranamburuham stanesu bhitah sanaih priya dadhimahi karkasesu. . .
"O dearly beloved! Your lotus feet are so soft that we place them gently on our breasts, fearing that Your feet will be hurt. Our life rests only in You. Our minds, therefore, are filled with anxiety that Your tender feet might be wounded by pebbles as You roam about on the forest path."
In this verse is seen exalted pure love, where the lover desires the happiness of the beloved. This love is exalted because its desires are exalted. Kubja and others feel spiritual lust to enjoy with Krsna This kind of lust is not material. When spiritual lust is present, then material lust cannot remain. This is confirmed by these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.33.39):
vikriditam vraja-vadhubhir idam ca visnoh sraddhanvito nusrnuyad atha varnayed yah bhaktim param bhagavati pratilabhya kamam hrd-rogam asv apahinoty acirena dhirah
"Anyone who faithfully hears or describes the Lord's playful affairs with the young gopis of Vrndavana will attain the Lord's pure devotional service. Thus he will quickly become sober and conquer lust, the disease of the heart."
Hearing these pastimes quickly removes material lust, even from people separated by a long time or a great physicial distance from these pastimes. Then these pastimes grant spiritual love to the hearers. Material lust will never return to those hearers. Instead, exalted spiuritual love will stay with them. Mud is not washed away by more mud. Nor is love created by a lack of love. The Supreme Lord is greatly pleased by this pure love. This is seen in the following words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.22.18):
bhagavan ahata viksya suddha-bhava-prasaditah
"When the Supreme Lord saw how the gopis were struck with embarrassment, He was satisfied by their pure loving affection."
Even though He isd the crest-jewel of all self-satisfied persons, the Supreme Lord is delighted by His devotees' pure love. This is seen in the following words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.33.19):
krtva tavantam atmanam. . .
"Expanding Himself as many times as there were cowherd women to associate with, the Supreme Lord, though self- satisfied, playfully enjoyed their company."
The Supreme Lord is controlled by His devotees' pure love. This is seen in the following words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.32.22):
na paraye 'ham niravadya-samyujam. . .
"I am not able to repay My debt for your spotless service, even within a lifetime of Brahma. Your connection with Me is beyond reproach. You have worshiped Me, cutting off all domestic ties, which are difficult to break. Therefore please let your own glorious deeds be your compensation."
In this verse the word "niravadya (spotless service) shows the purity of the gopis' love, the word "sva-sadhu- krtyam" (able to repay My debt) show the exalted nature of their love, and the words "na paraye" (I am not able) show how the Supreme Lord is controlled by their love. That the gopis' are the most exalted of all the pure lovers of the Supreme Lord is seed in these words spoken by sri Uddhava in srimad-Bhagavatam (10.47.58):
vanchanti yad bhava-bhiyo munayo vayam ca
"Among all persons on earth, these cowherd women alone have actually perfected their embodied lives, for they have achieved the perfection of unalloyed love for Lord Govinda. Their pure love is hankered after by those who fear material existence, by great sages, and by ourselves as well. For one who has tasted the narrations of the infinite Lord, what is the use of taking birth as a high-class brahmana, or even as Lord Barhma himself?"
Therefore the gopis' love, where they think of the Supreme Lord as their paramour is the highest of all. In this way spiritual love (priti) has five basic conceptions: 1.jnana- bhakti (dveotion mixed with knowledge, or santa-rasa), 2. bhakti (devotion in the mood of servitude), 3. vatsalya (parental love), 4. maitri (friendship), and 5. kanta-bhava (conjugal love). Sometimes mixtures of these five conceptions are present. sri Bhisma and others are situated in a mixture of santa-rasa and servitude. sri Yudhisthira is situated in parwental love and well-wishing friendship (sauhrdya). sri Bhima is situated in parental love and pastime-friendship (sakhya). sri Kunti is situated in servitude and parental love. sri Vasudeva and Devaki are situated in parental love and servitude. In this way various mixtures may be seen. sri Uddhava is situated in a mixture of servitude and friendship. The Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself describes this in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (11.11.49):
tvam me bhrtyah suhrt sakha
"O Uddhava, you are My servant, well-wisher, and friend."
Lord Balarama is situated in a mixture of friendship and parental love. Lord Balarama's mixture of friendship and parental love is seen in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.15.14-15):
kvacit krida-parisrantam gopotsangopabarhanam svayam visramayaty aryam pada-samvahanadibhih
"When His elder brother, fatigued from playing, would lie down with His head upon the lap of a cowherd boy, Lord Krsna would help Him relax by personally massaging His feet and offering other services."
nrtyato gayatah kvapi valgato yudhyato mithah grhita-hastau gopalan hasantau prasasamsatuh
"Sometimes, as the cowherd boys danced, sang, moved about and playfully fought with each other, Krsna and Balarama, standing nearby hand in hand, would glorify Their friends' activities and laugh."
Lord Balarama is also situated in the conception of servitude. This is seen in the following words spoken by Lord Balarama Himself in srimad-Bhagavatam (10.13.37):
prayo mayastu me bhartur
"This must be the illusory energy of My master, Lord Krsna, for who else can bewilder Me?"
In Vraja Lord Balarama's main rasa is friendship. Within that friendship servitude and parental love are also manifest. There friendship is Lord Balarama's main rasa because there from early childhood Krsna and Balarama played together. However, in the Yadus' city of Dvaraka, Lord Balaraama's main rasa is servitude, and His feelings of parental love and servitude are manifested within the rasa of servitude. There servitude is Lord Balarama's main rasa because in Dvaraka Lord Krsna manifested pastimes of opulence (aisvarya). Also, in Vraja Lord Balarama was considered like Lord Krsna's elder brother, for Krsna's and Balarama's fathers, Nanda and Vasudeva, were brothers. Because Nanda gave protection to Him, Lord Balarama considered Nanda Maharaja His father. This is described in the following words spoken by Maharaja Vasudeva to Maharaja Nanda in srimad- Bhagavatam (10.5.27):
bhratar mama sutah kaccin matra saha bhavad-vraje tatam bhavantam manvano bhavadbhyam upalalitah
"My son Baladeva, being raised by you and your wife, Yasoda-devi, considers you His father and mother. Is He living very peacefully in your home with His real mother, Rohini?"
That Lord Balarama was considered Lord Krsna's elder brother is also seen in these words spoken by Morher Yasoda to Lord Krsna in srimad-Bhagavatam (10.8.34):
vadanti tavaka hy ete kumaras te 'grajo 'py ayam
"This complaint has been lodged against You by all Your playmates, including Your elder brother, Balarama."
The queens at Dvaraka are situated in the conjugal rasa mixed with servitude. The gopis of Vraja are situated in the conjugal rasa mixed with friendship. When spiritual love (priti) is manifest without the specific conceptions of the different rasas, then that love is ordinary spiritual love (samanya priti). It is manifest among the devotees who are not yet qualified to relate to the Lord in one or more of the rasas. An example of this kind of love is seen in the following description of the people of Mithila and other places (srimad-Bhagavatam 10.86.20):
anarta-dhanva-kuru-jangala-kanka-matsya- pancala-kunti-madhu-kekaya-kosalarnah anye ca tan-mukha-sarojam udara-hasa- snigdheksanam nrpa papur drsibhir nr-naryah
The men and women of Anarta, Dhanva, Kuru-jangala, Kanka, Matsya, Pancala, Kunti, Madhua, Kekaya, Kosala, Arna, and many other kingdoms drank with their eyeas the nectarean beauty of Lord Krsna's lotuslike face, which was graced with generous smiles and affectionate glances."
These devotees do not have the conception "The Supreme Lord is mine". Their affection for the Lord is in the ordinary santa-rasa (samanya-santi), which is also called tatastha-santi (santa-rasa on the borderline). Their affection for the Lord is called "tatastha priti". The Lord's personal associates are other persons. The love felt by the Lord's personal associates is abundantly filled with the idea, "the Supreme Lord is mine". Amongst these personal associates of the Lord are included the Lord's servants (bhrtya) and persons who are protected (palya) by the Lord. These two kindsof personal associates of the Lord are situated in the rasa of servitude. Their love for the Lord is called sambhrama-priti" (love filled with reverence). The Lord's relatives are objects of the Lord's affection. Their love for the Lord is called "bandhava-priti" (the love of a relative). These different rasas and kinds of love are described by Lord Kapila in thesen words of srimad-Bhagavatam (3.25.38):
yesam aham priya atma sutas ca sakha guruh suhrdo daivam istam
"The devotees accept Me as their friend, their relative, their son, perceptor, benefactor, and Supreme Deity."
In this verse the word "priyah" means beloved", "atma" means "the Supersoul", "sutah" means "son, nephew, younger brother, ort other like relative", "sakha" means "an affectionate friend with whom one enjoys pastimea", guruh" means "father or other superior", suhrdah" refers to two kinds of friends: 1. a friend with whom one has a special relation, and 2. a friend for whom one wishes limitless good fortune. This list is given with the most intimate relationships given first. Here "daivam istam" means "the Deity of whom one takes shelter" or "the Deity one serves". When these rasas are absent, then spiritual love is of the ordinary (samanya) kind. Now the previously described bhavas, beginning with rati, will be described. Rati is described in these words of srimad- Bhagavatam (1.5.26-27):
tatranv-aham krsna-kathah pragayatam anugrahenasrnavam manoharah tah sraddhaya me 'nupadam visrnvatah priya-sravasy anga mamabhavad rucih
"O Vyasadeva, in that association and by the mercy of those great Vedantists, I could hear them describe thw attractive activities of Lord Krsna. And thus listening attentively, my taste for hearing of the Personality of Godhead increased at every step.
tasmims tada labdha-rucer maha-mate priya-sravasy askhalita matir mama yayaham etat sad-asat sva-mayaya pasye mayi brahmani kalpitam pare
"O great sage, as soon as I got a taste of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, my attention to hear of the Lord was unflinching. And as my taste developed, I could realize that it was only in my ignorance that i had accepted gross and subtle coverings, for both the Lord and I are transcendental."
Here the word "mayi" means "in a single pure individual soul", and "pare brahmani" means "In the Supreme, who is the sum total of everything". These words were spoken by sri Narada to sri Vyasa.
Prīti · Sanskrit §98 · English §85
Source[९८] तद् एवं पारमैश्वर्यस्य भक्तौ यत् क्वचिद् उद्दीपनत्वं, तत् तु सम्भ्रम-गौरवादि तद्-अवयवस्यैव । तत्राप्य् अवयविनि प्रीत्यंशे तु माधुर्यस्यैवोद्-दीपनत्वम् । उभय-समाहारस्य पुनः परमेश्वर- (पगे ५६) भक्ति-जनकत्वम् इति विवेक्तव्यम् । तद् एवं माधुर्यस्यैव प्रीति-जनकत्वे स्थिते तद्-अनुभवश् च श्रीमद्- गोकुलस्य स्वभाव-सिद्धः । आगन्तुकः खल्व् ऐश्वर्यानुभवः । तथैव श्री-गोवर्धनोद्धरणानन्तरे- एवं-विधानि कर्माणि गोपाः कृष्णस्य वीक्ष्य ते । अतद्-वीर्य-विदः प्रोचुः समभ्येत्य सु-विस्मिताः ॥ [भ्प् १०.२६.१] इत्य्-आद्य्- अध्याये, दुस्त्यजश् चानुरागो ऽस्मिन् सर्वेषां नो व्रजौकसाम् । नन्द ते तनये ऽस्मासु तस्याप्य् औत्पत्तिकः कथम् ॥ [भ्प् १०.२६.१३] इति श्री-गोप-गण-प्रश्ने, श्री-व्रजेश्वरेण च तद्-ऐश्वर्यम् आप्त-वाक्य- द्वारैव तेषां समाधानायोक्तं, माधुर्यं तु स्वानुभव-सिद्धत्वेन व्यञ्जितम् । यथाह- श्रूयतां मे वचो गोपा व्येतु शङ्का च वो ऽर्भके । एनं कुमारम् उद्दिश्य गर्गो मे यद् उवाच ह ॥ [भ्प् १०.२६.१५] इत्य् आदि, इत्य् अद्धा मां समादिश्य गर्गे च स्व-गृहं गते । मन्ये नारायणस्यांशं कृष्णम् अक्लिष्ट-कारिणम् ॥ [भ्प् १०.२६.२३] इत्य् अन्तम् । अथ गर्गो मां यद् उवाच ह इति शब्द-द्वारा परोक्षं ज्ञानम् उक्तम् । तत्रापि मन्ये इति वितर्क एव । अर्भक-कुमार-शब्द-प्रयोगस् तु बाल-भाव- मय-माधुर्ये स्व-स्वभावानुभवस्य सूचक इत्य् अवगम्यते । ॥ १०.२६ ॥ श्री-व्रजेश्वरः ॥ ९८ ॥
[98] tad evaṃ pāramaiśvaryasya bhaktau yat kvacid uddīpanatvaṃ, tat tu sambhrama-gauravādi tad-avayavasyaiva | tatrāpy avayavini prītyaṃśe tu mādhuryasyaivod-dīpanatvam | ubhaya-samāhārasya punaḥ parameśvara- (page 56) bhakti-janakatvam iti vivektavyam | tad evaṃ mādhuryasyaiva prīti-janakatve sthite tad-anubhavaś ca śrīmad- gokulasya svabhāva-siddhaḥ | āgantukaḥ khalv aiśvaryānubhavaḥ | tathaiva śrī-govardhanoddharaṇānantare- evaṃ-vidhāni karmāṇi gopāḥ kṛṣṇasya vīkṣya te | atad-vīrya-vidaḥ procuḥ samabhyetya su-vismitāḥ || [BhP 10.26.1] ity-ādy- adhyāye, dustyajaś cānurāgo 'smin sarveṣāṃ no vrajaukasām | nanda te tanaye 'smāsu tasyāpy autpattikaḥ katham || [BhP 10.26.13] iti śrī-gopa-gaṇa-praśne, śrī-vrajeśvareṇa ca tad-aiśvaryam āpta-vākya- dvāraiva teṣāṃ samādhānāyoktaṃ, mādhuryaṃ tu svānubhava-siddhatvena vyañjitam | yathāha- śrūyatāṃ me vaco gopā vyetu śaṅkā ca vo 'rbhake | enaṃ kumāram uddiśya gargo me yad uvāca ha || [BhP 10.26.15] ity ādi, ity addhā māṃ samādiśya garge ca sva-gṛhaṃ gate | manye nārāyaṇasyāṃśaṃ kṛṣṇam akliṣṭa-kāriṇam || [BhP 10.26.23] ity antam | atha gargo māṃ yad uvāca ha iti śabda-dvārā parokṣaṃ jñānam uktam | tatrāpi manye iti vitarka eva | arbhaka-kumāra-śabda-prayogas tu bāla-bhāva- maya-mādhurye sva-svabhāvānubhavasya sūcaka ity avagamyate | || 10.26 || śrī-vrajeśvaraḥ || 98 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 85
Anuccheda 85
The stage of spiritual love called "prema" is described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.60.51):
upalabdham pati-prema pativratyam ca te 'naghe yad-vakyais calyamanaya na dhir mayy apakarsita
"O sinless one, I have now seen firstahand the pure love and chaste attachment you have for your husband. Even though shaken by My words, your mind could not be pulled away from Me."
In this verse the phrase "na dhir mayy apakarsita" means "your mind could not be pulled away from Me." This means: "Even though you feareed that My words of renunciation would leave to My abandoning You, your love for Me did not decrease." This means "As you have always loved Me in the past, so you love Me now in the present". This verse was spoken by the Supreme Personality of Godhead to Rukmini-devi.
Prīti · Sanskrit §99–100 · English §86
Source[९९] तथा मत्-कामा रमणं जारम् अस्वरूप-विदोऽबलाः [भ्प् ११.१२.१३] इति श्री- भगवता चोक्तम् । न चैवं तेषाम् अज्ञानं च वक्तव्यम् । माधुर्य- ज्ञानेनैव परम-भगवत्ता-ज्ञान-सद्-भावात् । यत एव तेषाम् अन्यत्रानावेशः । यद् एव खल्व् आत्मारामाणाम् अपि मोदनम् । न च सर्वापि भगवत्ता सर्वेणोपास्यते अनुभूयते वा । अपि तु स्व-स्वाधिकार-प्राप्तैव अनन्तत्वाद् अनुपयुक्तत्वाच् च । अतएव वेदान्तेऽपि गुणोपासना-वाक्येषु तत्-तद्-विद्यायां गुण-समाहारः पृथक् पृथग् एव सूत्र-कारेण व्यवस्थापितः । तथैवोक्तं- यस्य यस्य हि यः कामस् तस्य तस्य ह्य् उपासनम् । तादृशानां गुणानां च समाहारं प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ इति । तथा मल्लानाम् अशनिः [भ्प् १०.४३.१७] इत्य् आदौ च टीका चूर्णिका-तत्र च शृङ्गारादि-रस-कदम्ब-मूर्तिर् भगवांस् तत्-तद्-अभिप्रायानुसारेण बभौ, न साकल्येन सर्वेषाम् इत्य् आह इत्य् एषा । अत्र परम-तत्त्वतया जानताम् अपि न सम्यग्-ज्ञानम् इत्य् आयातम् । युक्तं चेदं तत्-तन्-माधुर्य- विशेषाननुभवात् । माधुर्यानुभाविनां भक्तानां तु - यस्यास्ति भक्ति भगवत्य् अकिञ्चना सर्वैर् गुणैस् तत्र समासते सुराः [भ्प् ५.१८.१२] इत्य् आदि- न्यायेनानादृतम् अपि सर्वं ज्ञानं समय-प्रतीक्षकम् एव स्यात् । पूर्वत्रैव पद्ये तेषां परम-विद्वत्ताम् अभिप्रैति । यथा - मल्लानाम् अशनिर् नृणां नर-वरः स्त्रीणां स्मरो मूर्तिमान् गोपानां स्व-जनो ऽसतां क्षिति-भुजां शास्ता स्व-पित्रोः शिशुः । मृत्युर् भोज-पतेर् विराड् अविदुषां तत्त्वं परं योगिनां वृष्णीनां पर-देवतेति विदितो रङ्गं गतः साग्रजः ॥ [भ्प् १०.४३.१७] अत्र खलु पद्ये त्रिविधा जना उक्ताः प्रतिकूल-ज्ञानाः, मूढाः, विद्वांसश् च । तत्र निरुपाधि-परम-प्रेमास्पदता-स्वभावे तस्मिन् विरोध-लिङ्गेन मल्लानां कंस-पक्षीयासत्-क्षिति-भुजां कंसस्य च प्रतिकूल-ज्ञानत्वं बोध्यते । विराड् अविदुषाम् इति पृथग्-उपादानेन (पगे ५७) विराट्त्व- ज्ञानिनाम् एव मूढत्वम् । पारिशेष्य-प्रमाणेनान्येषां तु विद्वत्तैव । तत्र विराट्त्वं नाम विराद्-अंशे-भौतिक-देहत्वं यत्-किञ्चिन्-नर-दारकत्वम् इत्य् अर्थः । अतस् तत्र मूढता । ते च भगवद्-याच्ञाम् अश्रद्दधानैर् याज्ञिक- विप्रैः सदृशाः । केचित् तद्-अवज्ञातारो न द्वेष्टारो न च प्रीयमाणाः । अत्र तेषां भौतिकत्व- स्फूर्तौ भक्तानां जुगुप्सां जायत इति बीभत्स-रसश् च भगवता पोष्यते । नर-वरत्वे तु तन्-माधुर्य-प्रभावयोर् अंशेनैव नरेषु तस्य श्रेष्ठत्वम् अनुभूतम् इति तद्-अनुभव-सद्-भावात् साधारण-नॄणाम् अपि विद्वत्ता । अतएव च सामान्य-भक्ताः । यथैव तेषां प्रीतिर् वर्णिता । निरीक्ष्य ताव् उत्तम-पुरुषौ जना मञ्च-स्थिता नागर-राष्ट्रका नृप । प्रहर्ष-वेगोत्कलितेक्षणाननाः [भ्प् १०.४३.२०] इत्य् आदिना । एतेषां प्रजात्वेऽपि प्रायस् तदानीम् अजात-ममत्वान् न पाल्यान्तः-प्रवेशः । अथैवं तेषाम् अपि विद्वत्तायाम् अन्येषां सुतराम् एव सा । तत्रापि किम् उत श्री-गोपानां । तथा हि तत्र नॄणां सामान्य-भक्तानां योगिनां तल्-लीला- दिदृक्षा-गताकाशादि-स्थित-चतुःसन-प्रभृति-ज्ञानि-भक्तानां च ममत्व- सूचक-पद-विन्यासो न कृतः । तथा- तद् बलाबलवद् युद्धं समेताः सर्व-योषितः । ऊचुः परस्परं राजन् सानुकम्पा वरूथशः ॥ [भ्प् १०.४४.६] इत्य् आदौ । क्व व्रज-सार-सर्वाङ्गौ [भ्प् १०.४४.८] इत्य् आदि-तद्- वाक्योदाहृतानुकम्पामय-परम-प्रीति-विकाराणां नाना-भाव-स्त्रीणां मध्ये स्मरत्वेन विदित-कृष्णानां गोप्यस् तपः किम् अचरन् [भ्प् १०.४४.१४] इत्य् आदिक-गिरां स्त्री-विशेषाणां कान्त-भावाख्य-प्रीतेर् लोक-प्रसिद्ध- स्मरेणापि मिश्रत्वेन श्री-व्रज-देवीवच् छुद्धत्वाभावः । तत्-काल- दृष्टत्वेन ममत्वाभावश् चागतश् च । वृष्णि-पितृ-गोपानां तु तत्-तच्- छब्दैर् ममता-विशेषः सूचितः । तस्माद् एतेष्व् एव परम-माधुर्यानुभवेषूत्तमत्वं मतम् । तत्र च गोपानां स्वजनो वृष्णीनां पर-देवतेत्य् अनेन श्री-गोपानां बान्धव- भावापादक-माधुर्य-ज्ञानं स्वाभाविकं, वृष्णीनां तु पर- देवताभावापादकैश्वर्य-ज्ञानं स्वाभाविकम् इत्य् अङ्गीकृतम् । सम्बन्धाद् वृष्णयः [भ्प् ७.१.३०] इति तु तथा गौणस्यापि बन्धु-भावस्य तद्-अनुगतौ स्वतः प्राबल्यापेक्षयोक्तम् । किं च, तेषु यथा कंसादयः प्रतिकूल-ज्ञाना वृष्ण्य्-अधमाः । तथैवाविद्वांसः शतधन्व-प्रभृतयः सन्ति । तद्-अपेक्षयैव न यं विदन्त्य् अमी भूपा एकारामाश् च सात्वताः [भ्प् १०.८४.२३] इत्य् आदिकं ज्ञेयम् । अत उत्तम-वृष्णितया सामान्यतो लब्धम् ऐश्वर्य-ज्ञानम् उत्तमम् एव श्री- वसुदेव-देवक्योः सम्मतम् । ततः तत्-संसृष्टत्वेऽपि लीला-विशेषाद् एव पित्रोः शिशुर् इत्य् अनेन माधुर्य-ज्ञानं व्यज्यते । अतो गौणत्वाद् एव - नातिचित्रम् इदं विप्रा वसुदेवो बुभुत्सया । कृष्णं मत्वार्भकं यन् नः पृच्छति श्रेय आत्मनः ॥ [भ्प् १०.८४.३०] इत्य् आदौ श्री-नारदेन तन् नानुमोदितम् । राज्ञा तु स्वाभाविकत्वात् श्री-व्रजेश्वरयोस् तद्-अनुमोदितम् । नन्दः किम् अकरोद् ब्रह्मन् [भ्प् १०.८.४६] इत्य् आदौ । तयोर् ऐश्वर्य-ज्ञानस्य स्वाभाविकत्वं च जन्म-क्षणम् आरभ्य तादृश-स्तुत्य्-आदौ प्रसिद्धम् । अतएवअ पितराव् उपलब्धार्थो विदित्वा [भ्प् १०.४५.१] इत्य् अत्र टीका-कारैर् अपि तयोर् ऐश्वर्य-ज्ञानं सिद्धम् एव । पुत्रतया प्रेम तु दुर्लभम् इत्य् उक्तम् । तथा श्री-गोपानां स्वजनत्वं सामान्यतो निर्दिष्टम् । तच् च वृष्णि- कंसादिवन् न व्रजे क्वचिद् अपि (पगे ५८) जने व्यभिचरति- आबाल-वृद्ध-वनिताः सर्वे ऽङ्ग पशु-वृत्तयः । निर्जग्मुर् गोकुलाद् दीनाः कृष्ण-दर्शन-लालसाः ॥ [भ्प् १०.१६.१५] इत्य् आदि- दर्शनात् । तद् एवं सति स्वयम् एव गोप-राजे कदाप्य् अव्यभिचारि-वात्सल्ये वैशिष्ट्यम् आयातम् इति तस्यापि शिशुर् इति किं वक्तव्यम् इति भावः । ॥ १०.४३ ॥ श्री-शुकः ॥ ९९ ॥ [१००] तद् एवं परम-माधुर्यातिशयानुभव-स्वभावत्वेन परम-ज्ञानित्वम् एव श्री-गोपालानाम् अङ्गीकृतम् । अतएव दृष्ट-चतुर्भुजाद्य्-अनन्त-तद्- आविर्भावेनापि ब्रह्मणा तेषाम् आलम्बनं रूपम् एव निजालम्बनीकृतम् नौमीड्य तेऽभ्र-वपुषे [भ्प् १०.१४.१] इत्य् आदिना । तेषाम् अपि यत्- स्वभावत्वेनैव चागन्तुकाद् अन्य-ज्ञानात् नासौ प्रीतिर् व्यभिचरति । प्रत्युत तद् एव तिरस्करोति । तेनानतराय-प्राये वर्धते च विषयिणां विषय-प्रीतिर् इव । यतो विषयिणां विषयेषु स-दोषत्वे श्रुते दृष्टेऽपि राग-प्राप्त- गुणवत्त्व-बुद्धिः प्रबला दृश्यते । तथैवोक्तं - या प्रीतिर् अविवेकानां [विप् १.२०.१९] इति । अत्र च श्री-सङ्कर्षणं प्रति श्रीमन्-नन्द-यशोदा- वचनम्- चिरं नः पाहि दाशार्ह सानुजो जगद्-ईश्वरः । इत्य् आरोप्याङ्कम् आलिङ्ग्य नेत्रैः सिषिचतुर् जलैः ॥ [भ्प् १०.६५.३] इत्य्-आदि । येन वसुदेव-पुत्रत्वे क्षत्रियत्वे परमेश्वरत्वे च व्यक्ते श्री- बलदेवस्यापि तत्-पुत्रोचित-भावो नान्यथा ज्ञातः । यथा तत्-पूर्वम् उक्तम्- बलभद्रः कुरु-श्रेष्ठ भगवान् रथम् आस्थितः । सुहृद्-दिदृक्षुर् उत्कण्ठः प्रययौ नन्द-गोकुलम् ॥ परिष्वक्तश् चिरोत्कण्ठैर् गोपैर् गोपीभिर् एव च । रामो ऽभिवाद्य पितराव् आशीर्भिर् अभिनन्दितः ॥ [भ्प् १०.६५.१-२] इति । परमैश्वर्यादि-ज्ञान-स्वभावानाम् अपि प्रीति-प्राबल्य-मये तत्-तिरस्कारो दृश्यते । यथा श्री-देवहूत्याः- वनं प्रव्रजिते पत्याव् अपत्य-विरहातुरा । ज्ञात-तत्त्वाप्य् अभून् नष्टे वत्से गौर् इव वत्सला ॥ [भ्प् ३.३३.२१] इति । श्री-देवकी-देव्याः-समुद्विजे भवद्-धेतोः कंसाद् अहम् अधीरधीः [भ्प् १०.२.२९] इति । श्री-युधिष्ठिरस्य- अजात-शत्रुः पृतनां गोपीयाय मधु-द्विषः । परेभ्यः शङ्कितः स्नेहात् प्रायुङ्क्ते चतुरङ्गिणीम् ॥ [भ्प् १.१०.३२] इयं च तस्य प्रशंसाम् अर्थम् एवोक्तम्- अथ दूरागतान् शौरिः कौरवान् विरहातुरान् । संनिवर्त्य दृढ-स्निग्धान् प्रायाद् स्व-नगरीं प्रियैः ॥ [भ्प् १.१०.३३] इत्य् उक्त-वाक्येऽपि तादृग्- अभिप्रायात् । तथा श्री-सङ्कर्षणस्य च- श्रुत्वैतद् भगवान् रामो विपक्षीय-नृपोद्यमम् । कृष्णं चैकं गतं हर्तुं कन्यां कलह-शङ्कितः ॥ बलेन महता सार्धं भ्रातृ-स्नेह-परिप्लुतः । त्वरितः कुण्डिनं प्रागाद् गजाश्व-रथ-पत्तिभिः ॥ [भ्प् १०.५३.२०-२१] भगवान् सर्वज्ञोऽपीत्य् अर्थः । अतएव कृष्णं महा-बक-ग्रस्तं दृष्ट्वा रामादयोऽर्भकाः [भ्प् १०.११.४९] इत्य् आदिकम् अपि । तद् एवं माधुर्य-ज्ञानस्यैव बलवत्-सुखमयत्वे स्थिते तस्मिंश् च श्री- गोपानाम् एव स्वाभाविकतया लब्धे ब्रह्मत्वेश्वरत्वानुभवम् अतिक्रम्य तेषाम् एव भाग्येन श्री-शुकदेवोऽपि युक्तम् एव चमत्कृतिम् अवाप -इत्थं सतां ब्रह्म-सुखानुभूत्या [भ्प् १०.१२.११] इत्य् आदौ, नेमं विरिञ्चो न भवः [भ्प् १०.९.२०] इत्य् आदौ, नायं सुखाप इत्य् आदिकस्य गोपिका-सुत [भ्प् १०.९.२१] अत्र, नायं श्रियोऽङ्ग [भ्प् १०.४७.६०] इत्य् आदौ च । क्वचिच् च तादृश- स्वभावेषु तेष्व् ऐश्वर्य-प्रकटनम् अपि विस्मय-द्वारा माधुर्य-ज्ञानम् एव पुष्णाति । अस्माकं पुत्रादि (पगे ५९) रूपोऽयं कथम् ईदृश-क्रियावान् इति । तथा- नन्दादयस् तु तं दृष्ट्वा परमानन्द-निर्वृताः । कृष्णं च तत्र च्छन्दोभिः स्तूयमानं सुविस्मिताः ॥ [भ्प् १०.२८.१७] इत्य् आदि । तद् एवं शुद्धत्वाच् छ्री-गोकुल-बालिकानाम् एव प्रीतिः प्रशस्ता । यथोक्तं एषां घोष-निवासिनाम् उत भवान् [भ्प् १०.१४.३५] इति । यत्रैव पशूनाम् अपि परमः स्नेहो दृश्यते । यथा काली-ह्रदावगाहे- गावो वृषा वत्सतर्यः क्रन्दमानाः सुदुःखिताः । कृष्णे न्यस्तेक्षणा भीता रुदत्य इव तस्थिरे ॥ [भ्प् १०.१६.११] इति । तथा तत उत्थाने नरा गावो वृषा वत्सा लेभिरे परमां मुदाम् [भ्प् १०.१७.१६] इति । तथा स्थावराणाम् अपि तत्रैव कृष्णं समेत्य लब्धेहा आसन् शुष्का नगा अपि [भ्प् १०.१७.६५] इति । अतएव श्री-ब्रह्मणापि प्रार्थितम्- तद् भूरि-भाग्यम् इह जन्म किम् अप्य् अटव्यां यद् गोकुलेऽपि कतमाङ्घ्रि-रजोऽभिषेकम् । [भ्प् १०.१४.३४] इति । तद् एवं परम-माधुर्यैक-ज्ञान-निधौ श्रीमति गोकुलेऽपि अनुगता बान्धवाश् चेति द्विविधानां तत्-प्रियाणां मध्ये ममता-विशेष-धारित्वाद् अन्त्यानां महान् एवोत्कर्षः । यथोक्तं - अहो भाग्यम् अहो भाग्यम् [भ्प् १०.१४.३२] इत्य् आदिना । अत्र व्रजौकसां कनिष्ठेष्व् अपि तेन मित्रतया स्वीकार इति यद् उच्यते तत् खलु मित्रतायाः प्रशंसाम् एवावहतीति । अथ तेष्व् अपि सखीनां तावद् उत्कर्षम् आह- इत्थं सतां ब्रह्म-सुखानुभूत्या दास्यं गतानां पर-दैवतेन । मायाश्रितानां नर-दारकेण साकं विजह्रुः कृत-पुण्य-पुञ्जाः ॥ [भ्प् १०.१२.११] सतां ज्ञानिनां ब्रह्मत्वेन स्फुरंस् तावद् विरल-प्रचारः । दास्यं गतानां- मुक्तानाम् अपि सिद्धानां नारायण-परायणः । सुदुर्लभः प्रशान्तात्मा कोटिष्व् अपि महामुने ॥ [भ्प् ६.१४.३-५] इत्य् अनुसारेण पर-दैवत्वेन स्फुरंस् ततोऽपि विरल-प्रचारः । मायाश्रितानां तु ज्ञान-भक्ति-मैत्री-हीनानां चिद्-एक-रूपत्वेन न स्फुरति । न च परमेश्वरत्वेन, न च प्रेमास्पदत्वेन । ततस् तदीयासाधारणता-स्फूर्तौ योग्यताश्रयाभावात् । अवजानन्ति मां मूढा मानुषीं तनुम् आश्रितम् [गीता ९.११] इति न्यायेन अलभ्य एवेति पाद-त्रयेण तस्योदय-मात्र- दौर्लभ्यं विवक्षितम् । ततश् चैवम्भूतो योऽसुलभ-स्फूर्तिः श्री-कृष्णस् तेन समं साक्षाद् एव प्रेम-भूमिकोत्कर्षम् अधिरूढेन परम-सख्येनापि विजह्रुर् इति श्री- शुकदेवस्य चमत्कारः । अथवा योऽयम् अहो तदानीं विषूचीनया कृपया मायाश्रितानां साधारण- जनानाम् अपि दर्शित-सर्वाकारातिक्रमित्-माहात्म्येन साक्षान् नराकृति-पर- ब्रह्मत्वेन स्फुरंस् ततोऽपि तथा तथा लब्धे लाभे बन्धु-भावस् तु तैर् न लब्धः । सखायस् तु तथाभूतेन तेन सार्धं बन्धु-भावोत्कर्ष- रूपेण सख्येन विजह्रुर् इत्य् अतस् त एव कृत-पुण्य-पुञ्जाः श्री-भगवत्- पारितोषिकानेक-सत्-कर्म-कारि-वृन्देषु परम-श्रेष्ठा इत्य् अर्थः । अतएव बान्धवान्तरेषु नेदृशं सख्यम् अस्तीति तेभ्योऽपि माहात्म्यम् आयातम् । अतएव किम् एषां सखीनां साक्षात् तेन समं प्रणय-लक्षण-हार्द- विशेषेण विहरतां (पगे ६०) भाग्यं वर्णनीयम् । ये साधारणा अपि व्रज- वासिनस् तेषाम् अप्य् आस्तां तत् तद् अन्यद् भाग्यम् । तद्-दर्शन-मात्र- भाग्यम् अपि परेषां महा-मुनीनां परम-दुर्लभम् एवेत्य् अभिप्रायेण यत्-पादांशुर् बहु-जन्म-कृच्छ्रत [भ्प् १०.१२.१२] इत्य् अनन्तर-पद्यम् अपि व्याकृत्यैतद् एव सखीनां महा-भाग्य-वर्णनं पोषणीयम् । अतएवाक्रूरेण अथावरूढ [भ्प् १०.३८.१५] इत्य् अत्र नमस्य आभ्यां च सखीन् वनौकस इति चोक्तम् । तद् एतत् तावद् अस्तु येषु सखिषु वत्सेष्व् अपि ब्रह्मणा हृतेषु अन्यान् सृज्यां तत् तुल्यान् दृष्ट्वा स्वयम् एवैतत् तया बभूव । तेष्व् अपि परितोषम् अप्राप्य तान् सखीन् एवानिनायेत्य् अप्य् अनुसन्धेयम् । ॥ १०.१२ ॥ श्री-शुकः ॥ १०० ॥
[99] tathā mat-kāmā ramaṇaṃ jāram asvarūpa-vido'balāḥ [BhP 11.12.13] iti śrī- bhagavatā coktam | na caivaṃ teṣām ajñānaṃ ca vaktavyam | mādhurya- jñānenaiva parama-bhagavattā-jñāna-sad-bhāvāt | yata eva teṣām anyatrānāveśaḥ | yad eva khalv ātmārāmāṇām api modanam | na ca sarvāpi bhagavattā sarveṇopāsyate anubhūyate vā | api tu sva-svādhikāra-prāptaiva anantatvād anupayuktatvāc ca | ataeva vedānte'pi guṇopāsanā-vākyeṣu tat-tad-vidyāyāṃ guṇa-samāhāraḥ pṛthak pṛthag eva sūtra-kāreṇa vyavasthāpitaḥ | tathaivoktaṃ- yasya yasya hi yaḥ kāmas tasya tasya hy upāsanam | tādṛśānāṃ guṇānāṃ ca samāhāraṃ prakalpayet || iti | tathā mallānām aśaniḥ [BhP 10.43.17] ity ādau ca ṭīkā cūrṇikā-tatra ca śṛṅgārādi-rasa-kadamba-mūrtir bhagavāṃs tat-tad-abhiprāyānusāreṇa babhau, na sākalyena sarveṣām ity āha ity eṣā | atra parama-tattvatayā jānatām api na samyag-jñānam ity āyātam | yuktaṃ cedaṃ tat-tan-mādhurya- viśeṣānanubhavāt | mādhuryānubhāvināṃ bhaktānāṃ tu - yasyāsti bhakti bhagavaty akiñcanā sarvair guṇais tatra samāsate surāḥ [BhP 5.18.12] ity ādi- nyāyenānādṛtam api sarvaṃ jñānaṃ samaya-pratīkṣakam eva syāt | pūrvatraiva padye teṣāṃ parama-vidvattām abhipraiti | yathā - mallānām aśanir nṛṇāṃ nara-varaḥ strīṇāṃ smaro mūrtimān gopānāṃ sva-jano 'satāṃ kṣiti-bhujāṃ śāstā sva-pitroḥ śiśuḥ | mṛtyur bhoja-pater virāḍ aviduṣāṃ tattvaṃ paraṃ yogināṃ vṛṣṇīnāṃ para-devateti vidito raṅgaṃ gataḥ sāgrajaḥ || [BhP 10.43.17] atra khalu padye trividhā janā uktāḥ pratikūla-jñānāḥ, mūḍhāḥ, vidvāṃsaś ca | tatra nirupādhi-parama-premāspadatā-svabhāve tasmin virodha-liṅgena mallānāṃ kaṃsa-pakṣīyāsat-kṣiti-bhujāṃ kaṃsasya ca pratikūla-jñānatvaṃ bodhyate | virāḍ aviduṣām iti pṛthag-upādānena (page 57) virāṭtva- jñāninām eva mūḍhatvam | pāriśeṣya-pramāṇenānyeṣāṃ tu vidvattaiva | tatra virāṭtvaṃ nāma virād-aṃśe-bhautika-dehatvaṃ yat-kiñcin-nara-dārakatvam ity arthaḥ | atas tatra mūḍhatā | te ca bhagavad-yācñām aśraddadhānair yājñika- vipraiḥ sadṛśāḥ | kecit tad-avajñātāro na dveṣṭāro na ca prīyamāṇāḥ | atra teṣāṃ bhautikatva- sphūrtau bhaktānāṃ jugupsāṃ jāyata iti bībhatsa-rasaś ca bhagavatā poṣyate | nara-varatve tu tan-mādhurya-prabhāvayor aṃśenaiva nareṣu tasya śreṣṭhatvam anubhūtam iti tad-anubhava-sad-bhāvāt sādhāraṇa-nṝṇām api vidvattā | ataeva ca sāmānya-bhaktāḥ | yathaiva teṣāṃ prītir varṇitā | nirīkṣya tāv uttama-puruṣau janā mañca-sthitā nāgara-rāṣṭrakā nṛpa | praharṣa-vegotkalitekṣaṇānanāḥ [BhP 10.43.20] ity ādinā | eteṣāṃ prajātve'pi prāyas tadānīm ajāta-mamatvān na pālyāntaḥ-praveśaḥ | athaivaṃ teṣām api vidvattāyām anyeṣāṃ sutarām eva sā | tatrāpi kim uta śrī-gopānāṃ | tathā hi tatra nṝṇāṃ sāmānya-bhaktānāṃ yogināṃ tal-līlā- didṛkṣā-gatākāśādi-sthita-catuḥsana-prabhṛti-jñāni-bhaktānāṃ ca mamatva- sūcaka-pada-vinyāso na kṛtaḥ | tathā- tad balābalavad yuddhaṃ sametāḥ sarva-yoṣitaḥ | ūcuḥ parasparaṃ rājan sānukampā varūthaśaḥ || [BhP 10.44.6] ity ādau | kva vraja-sāra-sarvāṅgau [BhP 10.44.8] ity ādi-tad- vākyodāhṛtānukampāmaya-parama-prīti-vikārāṇāṃ nānā-bhāva-strīṇāṃ madhye smaratvena vidita-kṛṣṇānāṃ gopyas tapaḥ kim acaran [BhP 10.44.14] ity ādika-girāṃ strī-viśeṣāṇāṃ kānta-bhāvākhya-prīter loka-prasiddha- smareṇāpi miśratvena śrī-vraja-devīvac chuddhatvābhāvaḥ | tat-kāla- dṛṣṭatvena mamatvābhāvaś cāgataś ca | vṛṣṇi-pitṛ-gopānāṃ tu tat-tac- chabdair mamatā-viśeṣaḥ sūcitaḥ | tasmād eteṣv eva parama-mādhuryānubhaveṣūttamatvaṃ matam | tatra ca gopānāṃ svajano vṛṣṇīnāṃ para-devatety anena śrī-gopānāṃ bāndhava- bhāvāpādaka-mādhurya-jñānaṃ svābhāvikaṃ, vṛṣṇīnāṃ tu para- devatābhāvāpādakaiśvarya-jñānaṃ svābhāvikam ity aṅgīkṛtam | sambandhād vṛṣṇayaḥ [BhP 7.1.30] iti tu tathā gauṇasyāpi bandhu-bhāvasya tad-anugatau svataḥ prābalyāpekṣayoktam | kiṃ ca, teṣu yathā kaṃsādayaḥ pratikūla-jñānā vṛṣṇy-adhamāḥ | tathaivāvidvāṃsaḥ śatadhanva-prabhṛtayaḥ santi | tad-apekṣayaiva na yaṃ vidanty amī bhūpā ekārāmāś ca sātvatāḥ [BhP 10.84.23] ity ādikaṃ jñeyam | ata uttama-vṛṣṇitayā sāmānyato labdham aiśvarya-jñānam uttamam eva śrī- vasudeva-devakyoḥ sammatam | tataḥ tat-saṃsṛṣṭatve'pi līlā-viśeṣād eva pitroḥ śiśur ity anena mādhurya-jñānaṃ vyajyate | ato gauṇatvād eva - nāticitram idaṃ viprā vasudevo bubhutsayā | kṛṣṇaṃ matvārbhakaṃ yan naḥ pṛcchati śreya ātmanaḥ || [BhP 10.84.30] ity ādau śrī-nāradena tan nānumoditam | rājñā tu svābhāvikatvāt śrī-vrajeśvarayos tad-anumoditam | nandaḥ kim akarod brahman [BhP 10.8.46] ity ādau | tayor aiśvarya-jñānasya svābhāvikatvaṃ ca janma-kṣaṇam ārabhya tādṛśa-stuty-ādau prasiddham | ataevaa pitarāv upalabdhārtho viditvā [BhP 10.45.1] ity atra ṭīkā-kārair api tayor aiśvarya-jñānaṃ siddham eva | putratayā prema tu durlabham ity uktam | tathā śrī-gopānāṃ svajanatvaṃ sāmānyato nirdiṣṭam | tac ca vṛṣṇi- kaṃsādivan na vraje kvacid api (page 58) jane vyabhicarati- ābāla-vṛddha-vanitāḥ sarve 'ṅga paśu-vṛttayaḥ | nirjagmur gokulād dīnāḥ kṛṣṇa-darśana-lālasāḥ || [BhP 10.16.15] ity ādi- darśanāt | tad evaṃ sati svayam eva gopa-rāje kadāpy avyabhicāri-vātsalye vaiśiṣṭyam āyātam iti tasyāpi śiśur iti kiṃ vaktavyam iti bhāvaḥ | || 10.43 || śrī-śukaḥ || 99 || [100] tad evaṃ parama-mādhuryātiśayānubhava-svabhāvatvena parama-jñānitvam eva śrī-gopālānām aṅgīkṛtam | ataeva dṛṣṭa-caturbhujādy-ananta-tad- āvirbhāvenāpi brahmaṇā teṣām ālambanaṃ rūpam eva nijālambanīkṛtam naumīḍya te'bhra-vapuṣe [BhP 10.14.1] ity ādinā | teṣām api yat- svabhāvatvenaiva cāgantukād anya-jñānāt nāsau prītir vyabhicarati | pratyuta tad eva tiraskaroti | tenānatarāya-prāye vardhate ca viṣayiṇāṃ viṣaya-prītir iva | yato viṣayiṇāṃ viṣayeṣu sa-doṣatve śrute dṛṣṭe'pi rāga-prāpta- guṇavattva-buddhiḥ prabalā dṛśyate | tathaivoktaṃ - yā prītir avivekānāṃ [ViP 1.20.19] iti | atra ca śrī-saṅkarṣaṇaṃ prati śrīman-nanda-yaśodā- vacanam- ciraṃ naḥ pāhi dāśārha sānujo jagad-īśvaraḥ | ity āropyāṅkam āliṅgya netraiḥ siṣicatur jalaiḥ || [BhP 10.65.3] ity-ādi | yena vasudeva-putratve kṣatriyatve parameśvaratve ca vyakte śrī- baladevasyāpi tat-putrocita-bhāvo nānyathā jñātaḥ | yathā tat-pūrvam uktam- balabhadraḥ kuru-śreṣṭha bhagavān ratham āsthitaḥ | suhṛd-didṛkṣur utkaṇṭhaḥ prayayau nanda-gokulam || pariṣvaktaś cirotkaṇṭhair gopair gopībhir eva ca | rāmo 'bhivādya pitarāv āśīrbhir abhinanditaḥ || [BhP 10.65.1-2] iti | paramaiśvaryādi-jñāna-svabhāvānām api prīti-prābalya-maye tat-tiraskāro dṛśyate | yathā śrī-devahūtyāḥ- vanaṃ pravrajite patyāv apatya-virahāturā | jñāta-tattvāpy abhūn naṣṭe vatse gaur iva vatsalā || [BhP 3.33.21] iti | śrī-devakī-devyāḥ-samudvije bhavad-dhetoḥ kaṃsād aham adhīradhīḥ [BhP 10.2.29] iti | śrī-yudhiṣṭhirasya- ajāta-śatruḥ pṛtanāṃ gopīyāya madhu-dviṣaḥ | parebhyaḥ śaṅkitaḥ snehāt prāyuṅkte caturaṅgiṇīm || [BhP 1.10.32] iyaṃ ca tasya praśaṃsām artham evoktam- atha dūrāgatān śauriḥ kauravān virahāturān | saṃnivartya dṛḍha-snigdhān prāyād sva-nagarīṃ priyaiḥ || [BhP 1.10.33] ity ukta-vākye'pi tādṛg- abhiprāyāt | tathā śrī-saṅkarṣaṇasya ca- śrutvaitad bhagavān rāmo vipakṣīya-nṛpodyamam | kṛṣṇaṃ caikaṃ gataṃ hartuṃ kanyāṃ kalaha-śaṅkitaḥ || balena mahatā sārdhaṃ bhrātṛ-sneha-pariplutaḥ | tvaritaḥ kuṇḍinaṃ prāgād gajāśva-ratha-pattibhiḥ || [BhP 10.53.20-21] bhagavān sarvajño'pīty arthaḥ | ataeva kṛṣṇaṃ mahā-baka-grastaṃ dṛṣṭvā rāmādayo'rbhakāḥ [BhP 10.11.49] ity ādikam api | tad evaṃ mādhurya-jñānasyaiva balavat-sukhamayatve sthite tasmiṃś ca śrī- gopānām eva svābhāvikatayā labdhe brahmatveśvaratvānubhavam atikramya teṣām eva bhāgyena śrī-śukadevo'pi yuktam eva camatkṛtim avāpa -itthaṃ satāṃ brahma-sukhānubhūtyā [BhP 10.12.11] ity ādau, nemaṃ viriñco na bhavaḥ [BhP 10.9.20] ity ādau, nāyaṃ sukhāpa ity ādikasya gopikā-suta [BhP 10.9.21] atra, nāyaṃ śriyo'ṅga [BhP 10.47.60] ity ādau ca | kvacic ca tādṛśa- svabhāveṣu teṣv aiśvarya-prakaṭanam api vismaya-dvārā mādhurya-jñānam eva puṣṇāti | asmākaṃ putrādi (page 59) rūpo'yaṃ katham īdṛśa-kriyāvān iti | tathā- nandādayas tu taṃ dṛṣṭvā paramānanda-nirvṛtāḥ | kṛṣṇaṃ ca tatra cchandobhiḥ stūyamānaṃ suvismitāḥ || [BhP 10.28.17] ity ādi | tad evaṃ śuddhatvāc chrī-gokula-bālikānām eva prītiḥ praśastā | yathoktaṃ eṣāṃ ghoṣa-nivāsinām uta bhavān [BhP 10.14.35] iti | yatraiva paśūnām api paramaḥ sneho dṛśyate | yathā kālī-hradāvagāhe- gāvo vṛṣā vatsataryaḥ krandamānāḥ suduḥkhitāḥ | kṛṣṇe nyastekṣaṇā bhītā rudatya iva tasthire || [BhP 10.16.11] iti | tathā tata utthāne narā gāvo vṛṣā vatsā lebhire paramāṃ mudām [BhP 10.17.16] iti | tathā sthāvarāṇām api tatraiva kṛṣṇaṃ sametya labdhehā āsan śuṣkā nagā api [BhP 10.17.65] iti | ataeva śrī-brahmaṇāpi prārthitam- tad bhūri-bhāgyam iha janma kim apy aṭavyāṃ yad gokule'pi katamāṅghri-rajo'bhiṣekam | [BhP 10.14.34] iti | tad evaṃ parama-mādhuryaika-jñāna-nidhau śrīmati gokule'pi anugatā bāndhavāś ceti dvividhānāṃ tat-priyāṇāṃ madhye mamatā-viśeṣa-dhāritvād antyānāṃ mahān evotkarṣaḥ | yathoktaṃ - aho bhāgyam aho bhāgyam [BhP 10.14.32] ity ādinā | atra vrajaukasāṃ kaniṣṭheṣv api tena mitratayā svīkāra iti yad ucyate tat khalu mitratāyāḥ praśaṃsām evāvahatīti | atha teṣv api sakhīnāṃ tāvad utkarṣam āha- itthaṃ satāṃ brahma-sukhānubhūtyā dāsyaṃ gatānāṃ para-daivatena | māyāśritānāṃ nara-dārakeṇa sākaṃ vijahruḥ kṛta-puṇya-puñjāḥ || [BhP 10.12.11] satāṃ jñānināṃ brahmatvena sphuraṃs tāvad virala-pracāraḥ | dāsyaṃ gatānāṃ- muktānām api siddhānāṃ nārāyaṇa-parāyaṇaḥ | sudurlabhaḥ praśāntātmā koṭiṣv api mahāmune || [BhP 6.14.3-5] ity anusāreṇa para-daivatvena sphuraṃs tato'pi virala-pracāraḥ | māyāśritānāṃ tu jñāna-bhakti-maitrī-hīnānāṃ cid-eka-rūpatvena na sphurati | na ca parameśvaratvena, na ca premāspadatvena | tatas tadīyāsādhāraṇatā-sphūrtau yogyatāśrayābhāvāt | avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā mānuṣīṃ tanum āśritam [Gītā 9.11] iti nyāyena alabhya eveti pāda-trayeṇa tasyodaya-mātra- daurlabhyaṃ vivakṣitam | tataś caivambhūto yo'sulabha-sphūrtiḥ śrī-kṛṣṇas tena samaṃ sākṣād eva prema-bhūmikotkarṣam adhirūḍhena parama-sakhyenāpi vijahrur iti śrī- śukadevasya camatkāraḥ | athavā yo'yam aho tadānīṃ viṣūcīnayā kṛpayā māyāśritānāṃ sādhāraṇa- janānām api darśita-sarvākārātikramit-māhātmyena sākṣān narākṛti-para- brahmatvena sphuraṃs tato'pi tathā tathā labdhe lābhe bandhu-bhāvas tu tair na labdhaḥ | sakhāyas tu tathābhūtena tena sārdhaṃ bandhu-bhāvotkarṣa- rūpeṇa sakhyena vijahrur ity atas ta eva kṛta-puṇya-puñjāḥ śrī-bhagavat- pāritoṣikāneka-sat-karma-kāri-vṛndeṣu parama-śreṣṭhā ity arthaḥ | ataeva bāndhavāntareṣu nedṛśaṃ sakhyam astīti tebhyo'pi māhātmyam āyātam | ataeva kim eṣāṃ sakhīnāṃ sākṣāt tena samaṃ praṇaya-lakṣaṇa-hārda- viśeṣeṇa viharatāṃ (page 60) bhāgyaṃ varṇanīyam | ye sādhāraṇā api vraja- vāsinas teṣām apy āstāṃ tat tad anyad bhāgyam | tad-darśana-mātra- bhāgyam api pareṣāṃ mahā-munīnāṃ parama-durlabham evety abhiprāyeṇa yat-pādāṃśur bahu-janma-kṛcchrata [BhP 10.12.12] ity anantara-padyam api vyākṛtyaitad eva sakhīnāṃ mahā-bhāgya-varṇanaṃ poṣaṇīyam | ataevākrūreṇa athāvarūḍha [BhP 10.38.15] ity atra namasya ābhyāṃ ca sakhīn vanaukasa iti coktam | tad etat tāvad astu yeṣu sakhiṣu vatseṣv api brahmaṇā hṛteṣu anyān sṛjyāṃ tat tulyān dṛṣṭvā svayam evaitat tayā babhūva | teṣv api paritoṣam aprāpya tān sakhīn evānināyety apy anusandheyam | || 10.12 || śrī-śukaḥ || 100 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 86
Anuccheda 86
The stage of spiritual love called "pranaya" is described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.18.24):
uvaha krsno bhagavan sridamanam parajitah
"Defeated, the Supreme Lord Krsna carried sridama."
The meaning of this verse is clear. This verse was spoken by srila sukadeva Gosvami.
Prīti · Sanskrit §101 · English §87
Source[१०१] अथ तेभ्योऽपि श्री-पित्रोर् उक्तं - ततो भक्तिर् भगवति पुत्री-भूते जनार्दने । दम्पत्योर् नितराम् आसीद् गोप-गोपीषु भारत ॥ [भ्प् १०.८.५१] इत्य् अनेन । भक्तिः प्रेम । नितरां स्नेह-राग-पराकाष्ठाध्यारूढत्वात् । गोपाः सर्वे । गोप्यस् तत्-प्रेयसी-वर्ग-वनिताः । वक्ष्यमाणानुरोधात् । अथ सर्वेभ्योऽपि मुनि-गण-प्रशस्तत्या सर्वतोऽपि प्रेम-प्रणय-मान-राग- वैशिष्ट्य-पुष्टया विशेषतोऽनुराग-महाभाव-सम्पत्ति-धारिण्या स्व- प्रीत्या वशीकृत-कृष्णानां श्री-व्रज-देवीनां त्व् असमोर्धम् एव तद्- वैभवम् । एतत्-क्रमेणैवोद्धवस्याप्य् अनुज्ञापन-क्रमो दृश्यते । यथा - अथ गोपीर् अनुज्ञाप्य यशोदां नन्दम् एव च । गोपान् आमन्त्र्य दाशार्हो यास्यन्न् आरुरुहे रथम् ॥ [भ्प् १०.४७.६४] स्पष्टम् । ॥ १०.४७ ॥ श्री-शुकः ॥ १०१ ॥
[101] atha tebhyo'pi śrī-pitror uktaṃ - tato bhaktir bhagavati putrī-bhūte janārdane | dampatyor nitarām āsīd gopa-gopīṣu bhārata || [BhP 10.8.51] ity anena | bhaktiḥ prema | nitarāṃ sneha-rāga-parākāṣṭhādhyārūḍhatvāt | gopāḥ sarve | gopyas tat-preyasī-varga-vanitāḥ | vakṣyamāṇānurodhāt | atha sarvebhyo'pi muni-gaṇa-praśastatyā sarvato'pi prema-praṇaya-māna-rāga- vaiśiṣṭya-puṣṭayā viśeṣato'nurāga-mahābhāva-sampatti-dhāriṇyā sva- prītyā vaśīkṛta-kṛṣṇānāṃ śrī-vraja-devīnāṃ tv asamordham eva tad- vaibhavam | etat-krameṇaivoddhavasyāpy anujñāpana-kramo dṛśyate | yathā - atha gopīr anujñāpya yaśodāṃ nandam eva ca | gopān āmantrya dāśārho yāsyann āruruhe ratham || [BhP 10.47.64] spaṣṭam | || 10.47 || śrī-śukaḥ || 101 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 87
Anuccheda 87
The stage of spiritual love called "mana" is described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.32.6):
eka bhru-kutim abadhya prema-samrambha-vihvala
"One gopi, beside herself with loving anger, bit her lips and stared at Him with frowning eyebrows, as if to wound Him with her harsh glances."
The meaning of this verse is clear. This verse was spoken by srila sukadeva Gosvami.
Prīti · Sanskrit §102 · English §88
Source[१०२] अतएव सर्वम् अपि श्री-गोकुलम् अतिक्रम्य - दृष्ट्वैवम्-आदि गोपीनां कृष्णावेशात्म-विक्लवम् । उद्धवः परम-प्रीतस् ता नमस्यन्न् इदं जगौ ॥ एताः परं तनु-भृतो भुवि गोप-वध्वो गोविन्द एव निखिलात्मनि रूढ-भावाः । वाञ्छन्ति यद् भव-भियो मुनयो वयं च किं ब्रह्म-जन्मभिर् अनन्त-कथा-रसस्य ॥ [भ्प् १०.४७.५७-५८] परं केवलम् एतास् तनु-भृतः सफल-जन्मानः । अतोऽखिलम् आत्मनि परमात्मत्वेन सर्वेषाम् अपि दुर्लभ-स्फूर्ति-मात्रे स्व-सन्निधौ तु गोविन्दे साक्षात् श्री-गोकुलेन्द्रतया विराजमाने एवम् ईदृश-भाव-विशेष- माधुर्येण रूढ-भावाः उद्भूत-महा-भावा जाताः । यद् एव महाभाव-तात्पर्यान्त-गति-समर्थं भाव-विशेष-माधुर्यं यदि यदृच्छया वर्णन-द्वारा कर्ण-गोचरं स्यात्, तदा स्व-स्वभावं परित्यज्य यद् अयं भावं प्रेम्णः पराकाष्टेयम् इत्य् अनुभाव-महिम-द्वारा वितर्क्य भव-भियो मुमुक्षवो मुनयो प्राप्नुमः । एतासाम् इवास्माकं तन्-माधुर्य-विशेषास्वाद-योग्यत्वाभावाद् इति भावः । तत्र तद्-अवाञ्छकं निन्दति । अनन्तस्यानन्त-लीलस्य श्री-कृष्णस्य कथासु कथा-मात्रेषु किम् उत ईदृशीषु कथासु अरसो रसाभावो यस्य तस्य साङ्ख्यैर् विरिञ्च-जन्मभिर् अपि किं, न किञ्चिद् अपीत्य् अर्थः ।
[102] ataeva sarvam api śrī-gokulam atikramya - dṛṣṭvaivam-ādi gopīnāṃ kṛṣṇāveśātma-viklavam | uddhavaḥ parama-prītas tā namasyann idaṃ jagau || etāḥ paraṃ tanu-bhṛto bhuvi gopa-vadhvo govinda eva nikhilātmani rūḍha-bhāvāḥ | vāñchanti yad bhava-bhiyo munayo vayaṃ ca kiṃ brahma-janmabhir ananta-kathā-rasasya || [BhP 10.47.57-58] paraṃ kevalam etās tanu-bhṛtaḥ saphala-janmānaḥ | ato'khilam ātmani paramātmatvena sarveṣām api durlabha-sphūrti-mātre sva-sannidhau tu govinde sākṣāt śrī-gokulendratayā virājamāne evam īdṛśa-bhāva-viśeṣa- mādhuryeṇa rūḍha-bhāvāḥ udbhūta-mahā-bhāvā jātāḥ | yad eva mahābhāva-tātparyānta-gati-samarthaṃ bhāva-viśeṣa-mādhuryaṃ yadi yadṛcchayā varṇana-dvārā karṇa-gocaraṃ syāt, tadā sva-svabhāvaṃ parityajya yad ayaṃ bhāvaṃ premṇaḥ parākāṣṭeyam ity anubhāva-mahima-dvārā vitarkya bhava-bhiyo mumukṣavo munayo prāpnumaḥ | etāsām ivāsmākaṃ tan-mādhurya-viśeṣāsvāda-yogyatvābhāvād iti bhāvaḥ | tatra tad-avāñchakaṃ nindati | anantasyānanta-līlasya śrī-kṛṣṇasya kathāsu kathā-mātreṣu kim uta īdṛśīṣu kathāsu araso rasābhāvo yasya tasya sāṅkhyair viriñca-janmabhir api kiṃ, na kiñcid apīty arthaḥ |
English translation
English witness · section(s) 88
Anuccheda 88
The stage of spiritual love called "sneha" is described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (1.10.11-14):
sat-sangan mukta-duhsango hatum notsahate budhah kirtyamanam yaso yasya sakrd akarnya rocanam
tasmin nyasta-dhiyah parthah saheran viraham katham darsana-sparsa-samlapa- sayanasana-bhojanaih
"The intelligent, who have understood the Supreme Lord in association with pure devotees and have become freed from bad materialistic association, can never avoid hearing the glories of the Lord, even though they have heard them only once. How, then, could the Pandavas tolerate His separation, for they had been intimately associated with His person, seeing Him face to face, touching Him, conversing with Him, and sleeping, sitting and dining with Him?
sarve te'nimisair aksais tam anu druta-cetasah viksantah sneha-sambaddha vicelus tatra tatra ha
"All their hearts were melting for Him on the pot of attraction. They looked at Him without blinking their eyes, and they moved hither and thither in perplexity.
nyarundhann udgalad baspam autkanthyad devaki-sute niryaty agaran no 'bhadram iti syad bandhava-striyah
"The female relatives, whose eyes were flooded with tears out of anxiety for Krsna, came out of the palace. They could stop their tears only with great difficulty. They feared that tears would cause misfortune at the time of departure."
Here the word "vicluh" means "to bring various articles of worship, they moved here and there". The words "no 'bhadram iti syat" mean "So no evil oment would be manifest", and "nyarundhan" means they suppressed". This verse was spoken by srila Suta Gosvami.
Prīti · Sanskrit §103 · English §89
Source[१०३] ननु ते मुक्ता मुमुक्षवश् च तत्-तद्-भावेन शास्त्र-प्रशस्ता एव । भक्तास् त्व् अतितमाम् । तर्हि तद्-विधानां कथम् अन्यत्र वाञ्छा । तत्राह - क्वेमाः स्त्रियो वन-चरीर् व्यभिचार-दुष्टाः कृष्णे क्व चैष परमात्मनि रूठ-भावः । नन्व् ईश्वरो ऽनुभजतो ऽविदुषो ऽपि साक्षाच् छ्रेयस् तनोत्य् अगद-राज इवोपयुक्तः ॥ [भ्प् १०.४७.५९] तत्र तासु श्रीमद्-उद्धवस्योपक्रमोपसंहारादिषु महा-भक्तेर् एव स्पष्टत्वात्, तासां श्री-कृष्ण-भजने व्यभिचारित्वस्य सुतरां तद्-दोषस्य च रासान्ते - गोपीनां तत्-पतीनां च सर्वेषाम् अपि देहिनाम् । (पगे ६१) यो ऽन्तश् चरति सो ऽध्यक्षः क्रीडनेनेह देह-भाक् ॥ [भ्प् १०.३३.३५] इत्य् आदिना निराकृतत्वात् । स्वयम् एवाधुनापि परमात्मनीति तस्यैव सूच्यमानत्वात् । दुर्धियां मते वा तासां व्यभिचार-शीलत्वस्य तु आर्य-पथं हित्वा [भ्प् १०.४७.६१] इति प्राप्यस्यैव परित्यागोपपत्तेः स्वयम् एव निराक्रियमाणत्वाद् अन्यथार्थस्याप्रस्ताव्यत्वम् इति वक्ष्यमाण एवार्थः समञ्जसः । यथा - इमा वनचर्यः वृन्दावन-विहारिण्यः स्त्रियः कृष्णे तद्-रूपे आश्रये क्व कां वा भूमिकाम् अधिकृत्य वर्तन्ते । तया व्यभिचार-दुष्टा एतादृश- भावोत्कर्षाभावेन यो व्यभिचारो गाढ-तद्-आसक्त्य्-अभावस् तेन दुष्टा अन्ये भव-भी-प्रभृतयो वयं वा तस्मिन् क्व कां भूमिकाम् अधिकृत्य वर्तामहे । ततो महद् एवान्तरम् इति भावः । कथम् ? एष श्री-गोप- वधूष्व् एतासु दृश्यमानः परमात्मनि सर्वेषाम् एव भजनीयत्वेन स्पृहास्पदे परमेश्वरे रूढ-भावः उद्भूत-महा-भावः समुज्जृम्भते । न त्व् अस्मास्व् इति । तर्हि ताभिर् अनुभूयमानस्य ताड्श-भाव-जनकस्य श्री-कृष्ण-गुण- विशेषस्यानभिज्ञा यूयं कथं तद्-वाञ्छयापि तत् प्राप्स्यथ, तत्राह नन्व् इति । अविदुषोऽपि । तत्र ममैव अकस्मात् स्वयम् अत्र प्रस्थापितस्य दृष्टान्तत्वम् इति भावः । यथोक्तं स्वयम् एव - विरहेण महाभागा महान् मेऽनुग्रहः कृतः [भ्प् १०.४७.२७] इति । अथवा- पूर्वम् एवार्थं तद्-रस-विमुखीनां महा-पतिव्रतानाम् अपि निन्दया द्रढत्यति क्वेमा इति । इमाः श्री-वृन्दावन-विहारिण्यः श्री-कृष्ण- प्रेयस्यः स्त्रियः क्व । अ-कार-प्रश्लेषेण याश् च वन-चर्यस् तद्-वन- विहारिणीभ्यस् ताभ्यो भिन्नाः । अथ च स्त्रियो व्रतिअस् त्वाम् [भ्प् ५.१८.१९] इत्य् आदि केतुमाल-वर्ष-वर्णन-स्थित-लक्ष्मी-वचन-रीत्या परमात्मनि स्वतः सर्व-पतौ श्री-कृष्णे वैमुख्येन व्यभिचार-दुष्टाः स्त्रियः क्व । महद् एवान्तरम् इति भावः । यतश् चैतास्व् एष सर्व-पुरुषार्थ-शिरोमणि-रूपो रूढ-भावो दृश्यते न तु तास्व् इव तल्-लेशस्याप्य् अभाव इति ।
[103] nanu te muktā mumukṣavaś ca tat-tad-bhāvena śāstra-praśastā eva | bhaktās tv atitamām | tarhi tad-vidhānāṃ katham anyatra vāñchā | tatrāha - kvemāḥ striyo vana-carīr vyabhicāra-duṣṭāḥ kṛṣṇe kva caiṣa paramātmani rūṭha-bhāvaḥ | nanv īśvaro 'nubhajato 'viduṣo 'pi sākṣāc chreyas tanoty agada-rāja ivopayuktaḥ || [BhP 10.47.59] tatra tāsu śrīmad-uddhavasyopakramopasaṃhārādiṣu mahā-bhakter eva spaṣṭatvāt, tāsāṃ śrī-kṛṣṇa-bhajane vyabhicāritvasya sutarāṃ tad-doṣasya ca rāsānte - gopīnāṃ tat-patīnāṃ ca sarveṣām api dehinām | (page 61) yo 'ntaś carati so 'dhyakṣaḥ krīḍaneneha deha-bhāk || [BhP 10.33.35] ity ādinā nirākṛtatvāt | svayam evādhunāpi paramātmanīti tasyaiva sūcyamānatvāt | durdhiyāṃ mate vā tāsāṃ vyabhicāra-śīlatvasya tu ārya-pathaṃ hitvā [BhP 10.47.61] iti prāpyasyaiva parityāgopapatteḥ svayam eva nirākriyamāṇatvād anyathārthasyāprastāvyatvam iti vakṣyamāṇa evārthaḥ samañjasaḥ | yathā - imā vanacaryaḥ vṛndāvana-vihāriṇyaḥ striyaḥ kṛṣṇe tad-rūpe āśraye kva kāṃ vā bhūmikām adhikṛtya vartante | tayā vyabhicāra-duṣṭā etādṛśa- bhāvotkarṣābhāvena yo vyabhicāro gāḍha-tad-āsakty-abhāvas tena duṣṭā anye bhava-bhī-prabhṛtayo vayaṃ vā tasmin kva kāṃ bhūmikām adhikṛtya vartāmahe | tato mahad evāntaram iti bhāvaḥ | katham ? eṣa śrī-gopa- vadhūṣv etāsu dṛśyamānaḥ paramātmani sarveṣām eva bhajanīyatvena spṛhāspade parameśvare rūḍha-bhāvaḥ udbhūta-mahā-bhāvaḥ samujjṛmbhate | na tv asmāsv iti | tarhi tābhir anubhūyamānasya tāḍśa-bhāva-janakasya śrī-kṛṣṇa-guṇa- viśeṣasyānabhijñā yūyaṃ kathaṃ tad-vāñchayāpi tat prāpsyatha, tatrāha nanv iti | aviduṣo'pi | tatra mamaiva akasmāt svayam atra prasthāpitasya dṛṣṭāntatvam iti bhāvaḥ | yathoktaṃ svayam eva - viraheṇa mahābhāgā mahān me'nugrahaḥ kṛtaḥ [BhP 10.47.27] iti | athavā- pūrvam evārthaṃ tad-rasa-vimukhīnāṃ mahā-pativratānām api nindayā draḍhatyati kvemā iti | imāḥ śrī-vṛndāvana-vihāriṇyaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇa- preyasyaḥ striyaḥ kva | a-kāra-praśleṣeṇa yāś ca vana-caryas tad-vana- vihāriṇībhyas tābhyo bhinnāḥ | atha ca striyo vratias tvām [BhP 5.18.19] ity ādi ketumāla-varṣa-varṇana-sthita-lakṣmī-vacana-rītyā paramātmani svataḥ sarva-patau śrī-kṛṣṇe vaimukhyena vyabhicāra-duṣṭāḥ striyaḥ kva | mahad evāntaram iti bhāvaḥ | yataś caitāsv eṣa sarva-puruṣārtha-śiromaṇi-rūpo rūḍha-bhāvo dṛśyate na tu tāsv iva tal-leśasyāpy abhāva iti |
English translation
English witness · section(s) 89
Anuccheda 89
The stage of spiritual love called "raga" is described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (1.8.25):
vipadah santu tah sasvat tatra tatra jagad-guro bhavato darsanam yat syad apunar bhava-darsanam
"I wish that all those calamities would happen again and again so that we could see You again and again, for seeing You means that we will no longer see repeated births and deaths."
In this verse the word "bhavatah" means because of past karma", "darsanam" means the sight", "yad" means "in which", apunar-bhavam" means "may I not take birth in any situation where I cannot see You glorious sweetness". This verse was spoken by sri Kunti to the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Prīti · Sanskrit §104 · English §90
Source[१०४] एवं परम-प्रेमवतीष्व् आसुअ तस्य सौदृदम् अपि परम-काष्ठापन्नं भवेत् । यतो भक्त-मात्राणां स्वभावत एव सुहृद् असाव् इत्य् आह नन्व् इति । किं बहुना - नायं श्रियो ऽङ्ग उ नितान्त-रतेः प्रसादः स्वर्-योषितां नलिन-गन्ध-रुचां कुतो ऽन्याः । रासोत्सवे ऽस्य भुज-दण्ड-गृहीत-कण्ठ- लब्धाशिषां य उदगाद् व्रज-वल्लभीनाम् ॥ [भ्प् १०.४७.६०] अङ्गे तदीये श्री-वैकुण्ठ-नाथाख्य-श्री-विग्रह-विशेषे परम-प्रेयसी- रूपायाः श्रियो या नितान्त-रतिः प्रगाढः कान्त-भावः तस्या अपि अयं एतावान् प्रसादः सौख्य-प्रकाशो नास्ति । यदि श्रियोऽपि नास्ति तदा नलिनस्य तत्रत्य-दिव्य-स्वर्ण-कमलस्येव गन्धो रूक् कान्तिश् च यासां तादृशीनाम् अपि स्वर्-योषितां वैकुण्ठ-पुराङ्गनानाम् अन्यासां सुतराम् एव नास्ति । ततः कुतोऽन्याः । अन्याः पुनर् दूरतोऽपि निरस्ता इत्य् अर्थः । कासाम् इव कियान् प्रसादो नास्ति, तत्राह रासेति । अस्य श्री-व्रजेन्द्र-नन्दन-रूपस्य । यद्- वाञ्छया श्रीर् ललनाचरत् तपः [भ्प् १०.१६.३६] इत्य् उक्त-दिशा तस्या अपि स्पृहणीयस्य इत्य् अर्थः । ततो न केवलं विप्रलम्भ एवासाम् ईदृशो भावोत्कर्षः परन्तु सम्भोगेऽपि लक्ष्या अपि स्पृहणीयः । तेन मद्- विधानां का वार्ता इति भावः । भुज-दण्ड-गृहीत-कण्ठ-लब्धाशिषां परमावेशेन गृहीत-कण्ठतया प्राप्त-परम-मनोरथानां रासोत्सवे वः यावान् उदगात् सततं निगूढमन्तः सन्न् अपि प्राकट्यं प्रापेति । अपि यत् स्पृहा श्रीः [भ्प् १०.१५.८] इत्य् अत्र (पगे ६२) लक्ष्मी-स्पर्धामय-वाक्ये व्रज- सुन्दरीणाम् इति सुन्दरी-पद-विन्यासः सौन्दर्यादिकम् अपि तासां तद्वद् अधिकम् इति सूचयति । तच् च युक्तं यस्यास्ति भक्तिर् भगवत्य् अकिञ्चना [भ्प् ५.१८.१२] इति न्यायेन तद्-उत्कर्षत उत्कर्ष-प्राप्तेः । अत्र सर्व-भाव- शिरोमणिना कान्त-भावांशेनैवोभयत्र तारतम्यं दर्शितम् । न तु न च सङ्कर्षणो न श्रीः [भ्प् ११.१४.१५] इत्य् आदाव् इव भक्ति-जायात्वांशाभ्याम् । ततो नान्येन साधारण्यं मन्तव्यम् । श्री-कृष्ण-लक्षण-स्वयं-भगवद्- विषयतया विशेषान्तरं स्वस्त्य् एवेति ज्ञेयम् ।
[104] evaṃ parama-premavatīṣv āsua tasya saudṛdam api parama-kāṣṭhāpannaṃ bhavet | yato bhakta-mātrāṇāṃ svabhāvata eva suhṛd asāv ity āha nanv iti | kiṃ bahunā - nāyaṃ śriyo 'ṅga u nitānta-rateḥ prasādaḥ svar-yoṣitāṃ nalina-gandha-rucāṃ kuto 'nyāḥ | rāsotsave 'sya bhuja-daṇḍa-gṛhīta-kaṇṭha- labdhāśiṣāṃ ya udagād vraja-vallabhīnām || [BhP 10.47.60] aṅge tadīye śrī-vaikuṇṭha-nāthākhya-śrī-vigraha-viśeṣe parama-preyasī- rūpāyāḥ śriyo yā nitānta-ratiḥ pragāḍhaḥ kānta-bhāvaḥ tasyā api ayaṃ etāvān prasādaḥ saukhya-prakāśo nāsti | yadi śriyo'pi nāsti tadā nalinasya tatratya-divya-svarṇa-kamalasyeva gandho rūk kāntiś ca yāsāṃ tādṛśīnām api svar-yoṣitāṃ vaikuṇṭha-purāṅganānām anyāsāṃ sutarām eva nāsti | tataḥ kuto'nyāḥ | anyāḥ punar dūrato'pi nirastā ity arthaḥ | kāsām iva kiyān prasādo nāsti, tatrāha rāseti | asya śrī-vrajendra-nandana-rūpasya | yad- vāñchayā śrīr lalanācarat tapaḥ [BhP 10.16.36] ity ukta-diśā tasyā api spṛhaṇīyasya ity arthaḥ | tato na kevalaṃ vipralambha evāsām īdṛśo bhāvotkarṣaḥ parantu sambhoge'pi lakṣyā api spṛhaṇīyaḥ | tena mad- vidhānāṃ kā vārtā iti bhāvaḥ | bhuja-daṇḍa-gṛhīta-kaṇṭha-labdhāśiṣāṃ paramāveśena gṛhīta-kaṇṭhatayā prāpta-parama-manorathānāṃ rāsotsave vaḥ yāvān udagāt satataṃ nigūḍhamantaḥ sann api prākaṭyaṃ prāpeti | api yat spṛhā śrīḥ [BhP 10.15.8] ity atra (page 62) lakṣmī-spardhāmaya-vākye vraja- sundarīṇām iti sundarī-pada-vinyāsaḥ saundaryādikam api tāsāṃ tadvad adhikam iti sūcayati | tac ca yuktaṃ yasyāsti bhaktir bhagavaty akiñcanā [BhP 5.18.12] iti nyāyena tad-utkarṣata utkarṣa-prāpteḥ | atra sarva-bhāva- śiromaṇinā kānta-bhāvāṃśenaivobhayatra tāratamyaṃ darśitam | na tu na ca saṅkarṣaṇo na śrīḥ [BhP 11.14.15] ity ādāv iva bhakti-jāyātvāṃśābhyām | tato nānyena sādhāraṇyaṃ mantavyam | śrī-kṛṣṇa-lakṣaṇa-svayaṃ-bhagavad- viṣayatayā viśeṣāntaraṃ svasty eveti jñeyam |
English translation
English witness · section(s) 90
Anuccheda 90
The stage of spiritual love called "anuraga" is described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (1.11.33):
yadyapy asau parsva-gato raho-gatas tathapi tasyanghri-yugam navam navam pade pade ka virameta tat-padac calapi yac chrir na jahati karhicit
"Although Lord sri Krsna was constantly by their sides, as well as exclusively alone, His feet appeared to them to be newer and newer. The goddess of fortune, although by nature always restless and moving, could not quit the Lord's feet. So what woman can be detached from those feet, having once taken shelter of them?"
In this verse the word "asau" means "sri Krsna", "parsva-gatah" means "staying near His queens", and "raho-gatah" means "in a solitary place". "Pade pade" means "at every moment". This was not surprising for the queens, who were naturally full of love (anuraga) for Lord Krsna. The verse then says:"ka virameta tat-padat", which means: "What woman would become satiated by tasting the nectar of the Lord's feet?" The phrase beginning with the words "calapi" means: If even the goddess of fortune, who is always restless and moving, could not quit the Lord's feetm how can any other woman be detached from those feet?" It is seen in this world that material wealth is flickering and temporary. In this example material wealth and the spiritual goddesses of fortune are equated. This verse was spoken by srila Suta Gosvami.
Prīti · Sanskrit §105 · English §91
Source[१०५] तस्माद् आस्तां तावद् आसां भाव-च्छवि-लाभाभिलाषः । मम त्व् इदम् एव प्रार्थनीयम् इथ् आह - आसाम् अहो चरण-रेणु-जुषाम् अहं स्यां वृन्दावने किम् अपि गुल्म-लतौषधीनाम् । या दुस्त्यजं स्व-जनम् आर्य-पथं च हित्वा भेजुर् मुकुन्द-पदवीं श्रुतिभिर् विमृग्याम् ॥ [भ्प् १०.४७.६१] अयम् अर्थः - मय्य् आसां श्री-कृष्ण-प्रेम-विशेष-च्छवि-स्पर्शोऽपि न सम्भवत्य् एव विजातीय-जन्म-वासनत्वात् । ततश् च साक्षाच् चरण-स्पर्शोऽपि नेति किं वक्तव्यम् । यद्य् एवं तद् आसां चरणस्य यो रेणुस् तस्य स्पर्श- भाग-धेयानां श्री-गुल्म-लतौषधीनां मध्ये किम् अपि यत् किञ्चिद् अनादृत-रूपम् इति स्याम् इति । अहो इत्य् अभिलाष-कृत-हृदयार्तौ । कथम्भूतानाम् इत्य् आह या इति । याः खलु कुल-वधूत्वाद् आपात-विचारेण स्वयं दुस्त्यजं स्वजनम् आर्य-पथं च हित्वा रागातिशयेन लोक-वेद- मर्यादाम् उल्लङ्घ्येत्य् अर्थः । वस्तुतस् तु श्रुतिभिर् विमृग्यां सर्व-श्रुति- समन्वयेन परम-पुरुषार्थ-शिरोमणितया निर्णेयाम् ईदृश-परम- प्रेम-लक्षणां मुकुन्दस्य प्रस्तुतत्वात् श्री-व्रजेन्द्र-नन्दन-रूपस्य पदवीं तदीय-संयोगानन्द-पद्धतिं भेजुर् इति ।
[105] tasmād āstāṃ tāvad āsāṃ bhāva-cchavi-lābhābhilāṣaḥ | mama tv idam eva prārthanīyam ith āha - āsām aho caraṇa-reṇu-juṣām ahaṃ syāṃ vṛndāvane kim api gulma-latauṣadhīnām | yā dustyajaṃ sva-janam ārya-pathaṃ ca hitvā bhejur mukunda-padavīṃ śrutibhir vimṛgyām || [BhP 10.47.61] ayam arthaḥ - mayy āsāṃ śrī-kṛṣṇa-prema-viśeṣa-cchavi-sparśo'pi na sambhavaty eva vijātīya-janma-vāsanatvāt | tataś ca sākṣāc caraṇa-sparśo'pi neti kiṃ vaktavyam | yady evaṃ tad āsāṃ caraṇasya yo reṇus tasya sparśa- bhāga-dheyānāṃ śrī-gulma-latauṣadhīnāṃ madhye kim api yat kiñcid anādṛta-rūpam iti syām iti | aho ity abhilāṣa-kṛta-hṛdayārtau | kathambhūtānām ity āha yā iti | yāḥ khalu kula-vadhūtvād āpāta-vicāreṇa svayaṃ dustyajaṃ svajanam ārya-pathaṃ ca hitvā rāgātiśayena loka-veda- maryādām ullaṅghyety arthaḥ | vastutas tu śrutibhir vimṛgyāṃ sarva-śruti- samanvayena parama-puruṣārtha-śiromaṇitayā nirṇeyām īdṛśa-parama- prema-lakṣaṇāṃ mukundasya prastutatvāt śrī-vrajendra-nandana-rūpasya padavīṃ tadīya-saṃyogānanda-paddhatiṃ bhejur iti |
English translation
English witness · section(s) 91
Anuccheda 91
The stage of spiritual love called "maha-bhava" is described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.19.16):
gopinam paramananda asid govinda-darsane ksanam yuga-satam iva yasam yena vinabhavat
"The young gopis took the greatest pleasure in seeing Govinda [Krsna] come home, since for them even a moment without His association seemed like a hundred ages."
The meaning of this verse is clear. This verse was spoken by srila sukadeva Gosvami.
Prīti · Sanskrit §106–107 · English §92
Source[१०६] तद् एवम् आर्य-पथं त्यजाम इति तु तासां भ्रम एवेति भावः । य एव तत्- संयोगानन्दः श्री-प्रभृतीनां परम-दुर्लभ एवेति स्वयम् एव व्यनक्ति । या वै श्रियार्चितम् अजादिभिर् आप्त-कामैर् योगेश्वरैर् अपि यद् आत्मनि रास-गोष्ठ्याम् । कृष्णस्य तद् भगवतश् चरणारविन्दं न्यस्तं स्तनेषु विजहुः परिरभ्य तापम् ॥ [भ्प् १०.४७.६२] या रास-गोष्ठ्यां विराजमानस्य श्री-कृष्णस्य भगवतः परम- माधुर्य-सार-भगवत्ताप्रकाशिनस् तद्-अनिर्वचनीय-माधुर्यक- प्रकृष्टं पदारविन्दं न्यस्तं, तेन स्वयम् अर्पितं परिरभ्य तापं साक्षात् तद्-अप्राप्ति-हेतुकम् आधिं जहुः । तत् तु योगेश्वरैर् भक्ति-योग- प्रवीणैः श्री-शुकादिभिर् अपि आत्मनि मनस्य् एवार्चितम् । यद् वाञ्छया श्रीर् ललनाचरत् तपः [भ्प् १०.१६.३६] इत्य् उक्त-दिशा श्रियापि यत् प्राप्तुं मनस्य् एवार्चितम् । तच् च सदैवानादित एव न तु कदाचिद् अपि साक्षात् प्राप्तम् । तद्- अश्रवणाद् इति भावः । [१०७] एवं तासाम् एव साक्षान् नमस्कारे कृत-चित्ततया तथाविधं गायन्न् एवासौ पुनर् अपि महा-महिम-स्फूर्तेर् अतिदैन्य-भर-सङ्कुचिततया तत्राप्य् आत्मनोऽनधिकारितां मन्यमानस् तत्-पाद-रेणुम् एव नमस्कुर्वन् तत्रापि दैन्येन तद्-एक-वर्ग-सम्बन्धात् साधारण-व्रज-स्त्रीणाम् एव नमस्करोति वन्दे नन्द-व्रज-स्त्रीणां पाद-रेणुम् अभीक्ष्णशः । यासां हरि-कथोद्गीतं पुनाति भुवन-त्रयम् ॥ [भ्प् १०.४७.६३] उत्तरार्धेन तादृशीनाम् अप्य् आसां साक्षाद् एव पाद-रेणुं वन्दे, तद् एतद् अप्य् अहो अस्माकं (पगे ६३) भाग्यम् अस्तीत्य् एतद् अपि महद् अद्भुतम् इति भावः । अत्रैतद् उक्तं भवति - एते हि यादवाः सर्वे मद्-गणा एव भामिनि । [पद्मप् ६.८९.२२] सर्वदा मत्-प्रिया देवि मत्-तुल्य-गुण-शालिनः ॥ इति पाद्म-कार्तिक-माहात्म्य-दृष्ट-श्री-भगवद्-वाक्यानुसारेण शय्यासनाटनालापे [भ्प् १०.९०.४६] इत्य् आद्य्-अनुसारेण च यादवा एव तावत् स्वयं भगवतः श्री-कृष्ण-देवस्य परम-प्रेष्ठाः । अतः प्रादुर्भावान्तर-भक्तास् तु स्वतो दूरत एव स्थिता । अथ भक्तान्तरेषु यादवेष्व् अपि त्वं तु भागवतेष्व् अहम् [भ्प् ११.१६.२९], त्वं मे भृत्यः सुहृत् सखा [भ्प् ११.११.४९], नोद्धवोऽण्व् अपि मन्-न्यूनः [भ्प् ३.४.३१], न च सङ्कर्षणो न श्रीर् नैवात्मा च यथा भवान् [भ्प् ११.१४.१५] इत्य् आदि काम-कृच्-छ्री-कृष्ण-वाक्यानुसारात् भक्त्य्-अंशेन तु सर्वतोऽप्य् उद्धव एव श्रेयान्, तस्य तु श्री-व्रज-देवीष्व् एवैवं दैन्य- वचनं, न जातु महिषीस्व् अपीति जातान्धस्यापि चाक्ष्षम् एवेदं तासां यशो- राका-चन्द्रमः-सौन्दर्यम् इति ॥ ॥ १०.४७ ॥ श्री-उद्धवः ॥ १०२-१०७ ॥
[106] tad evam ārya-pathaṃ tyajāma iti tu tāsāṃ bhrama eveti bhāvaḥ | ya eva tat- saṃyogānandaḥ śrī-prabhṛtīnāṃ parama-durlabha eveti svayam eva vyanakti | yā vai śriyārcitam ajādibhir āpta-kāmair yogeśvarair api yad ātmani rāsa-goṣṭhyām | kṛṣṇasya tad bhagavataś caraṇāravindaṃ nyastaṃ staneṣu vijahuḥ parirabhya tāpam || [BhP 10.47.62] yā rāsa-goṣṭhyāṃ virājamānasya śrī-kṛṣṇasya bhagavataḥ parama- mādhurya-sāra-bhagavattāprakāśinas tad-anirvacanīya-mādhuryaka- prakṛṣṭaṃ padāravindaṃ nyastaṃ, tena svayam arpitaṃ parirabhya tāpaṃ sākṣāt tad-aprāpti-hetukam ādhiṃ jahuḥ | tat tu yogeśvarair bhakti-yoga- pravīṇaiḥ śrī-śukādibhir api ātmani manasy evārcitam | yad vāñchayā śrīr lalanācarat tapaḥ [BhP 10.16.36] ity ukta-diśā śriyāpi yat prāptuṃ manasy evārcitam | tac ca sadaivānādita eva na tu kadācid api sākṣāt prāptam | tad- aśravaṇād iti bhāvaḥ | [107] evaṃ tāsām eva sākṣān namaskāre kṛta-cittatayā tathāvidhaṃ gāyann evāsau punar api mahā-mahima-sphūrter atidainya-bhara-saṅkucitatayā tatrāpy ātmano'nadhikāritāṃ manyamānas tat-pāda-reṇum eva namaskurvan tatrāpi dainyena tad-eka-varga-sambandhāt sādhāraṇa-vraja-strīṇām eva namaskaroti vande nanda-vraja-strīṇāṃ pāda-reṇum abhīkṣṇaśaḥ | yāsāṃ hari-kathodgītaṃ punāti bhuvana-trayam || [BhP 10.47.63] uttarārdhena tādṛśīnām apy āsāṃ sākṣād eva pāda-reṇuṃ vande, tad etad apy aho asmākaṃ (page 63) bhāgyam astīty etad api mahad adbhutam iti bhāvaḥ | atraitad uktaṃ bhavati - ete hi yādavāḥ sarve mad-gaṇā eva bhāmini | [PadmaP 6.89.22] sarvadā mat-priyā devi mat-tulya-guṇa-śālinaḥ || iti pādma-kārtika-māhātmya-dṛṣṭa-śrī-bhagavad-vākyānusāreṇa śayyāsanāṭanālāpe [BhP 10.90.46] ity ādy-anusāreṇa ca yādavā eva tāvat svayaṃ bhagavataḥ śrī-kṛṣṇa-devasya parama-preṣṭhāḥ | ataḥ prādurbhāvāntara-bhaktās tu svato dūrata eva sthitā | atha bhaktāntareṣu yādaveṣv api tvaṃ tu bhāgavateṣv aham [BhP 11.16.29], tvaṃ me bhṛtyaḥ suhṛt sakhā [BhP 11.11.49], noddhavo'ṇv api man-nyūnaḥ [BhP 3.4.31], na ca saṅkarṣaṇo na śrīr naivātmā ca yathā bhavān [BhP 11.14.15] ity ādi kāma-kṛc-chrī-kṛṣṇa-vākyānusārāt bhakty-aṃśena tu sarvato'py uddhava eva śreyān, tasya tu śrī-vraja-devīṣv evaivaṃ dainya- vacanaṃ, na jātu mahiṣīsv apīti jātāndhasyāpi cākṣṣam evedaṃ tāsāṃ yaśo- rākā-candramaḥ-saundaryam iti || || 10.47 || śrī-uddhavaḥ || 102-107 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 92
Anuccheda 92
Although they certainly experience rati, and although they feel the happiness of spiritual bliss, because they do not have the conception that "the Supreme Lord is mine", the devotees whose devotion is mixed with jnana (jnani-bhaktas) experience only ordinary love for the Supreme Lord. Their feelings of love for the Lord are seen in the following words of srimad-Bhagavatam (3.15.49):
kamam bhavah sva-vrjinair nirayesu nah stat. . .
"O Lord, we pray that You let usbe born in any hellish condition of life, just as long as our hearts and minds are always engaged in the service of Your lotus feet, our words are made beautiful (by speaking of Your activities) just as tulasi leaves are beautified when offereed unto Your lotus feet, and as long as our ears are always filled with the chanrting of Your transcendental qualities."
The four Kumaras headed by Sanaka speak this prayer of love (raga). Still, the raga they feel is not direct raga. The devotees who consider themselves protected (palya) by the Lord experience love up to the stage of prema. This is so because they clearly think, "The Lord is mine". However, they do not experience love up to the stage of sneha. This is so because their relationship with the Lord is distant and because their love is not very intense. They express their love in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (1.11.9):
yarhy ambujaksapasasara bho bhavan, . . .
"O lotus-eyed Lord, whenever You go away to Mathura-, Vrndavana or Hastinapura to meet Your friends and relatives, every moment of Your absence seems like a million years. O infallible one, at that time our eyes become useless, as if bereft of sun."
These words were spoken by Dvaraka's citizens. Included among them were the florist, barber, and others who had the good fortune to serve Lord Krsna directly. The devotees in the rasa of servitude (bhrtya) can experience spiritual love up to the stage of raga. This is so because they have a strong sense of "the Lord is mine", because they are very eager always to serve the Lord, and because the Lord is their very life. The devotee who think themselves the object of the Sup"reme Lord's love (lalya) also experience spiritual love up to the stage of raga. This is so because they have direct contact with the Lord's graceful form, and because they have an especially strong sense that the Lord is mine". The Lord's mother and father, who are situated in vatsalya-rasa, love the Lord more than these devotees. They have a very strong sense that "the Lord is mine", even stronger than the conception held by the Lord's friends (sakhas). sri Kunti's words in srimad-Bhagavatam 10.8.25 (quoted above) show that she loves the Lord even more than the Lord's friends. The great love manifest in vatsalya-rasa is not at all similar to the love manifest in sakhya-rasa. However, sakhya-rasa and srngara-rasa are similar in many ways. For example, loving anger (pranaya-mana) is possible only in those two rasas. Among the Lord's beloveds the queens at Dvaraka experience spiritual love up to the stage of maha-bhava anuraga. The ecstasies they feel in separation from the Lord are called prema-vaicittya" and are described in srimad- Bhagavatam 10.90.14-25). I have not heard in the scriptures any other description like this, nor have I not heard in the scriptures any other description of the queens' anuraga.
Here someone may protest: Is not anuraga described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.13.2): satam ayam sara-bhrtam nisargah. . .
"Paramahamsas, devotees who have accepted the essence of life, are attached to Krsna in the core of their hearts, and He is the aim of their lives. It is their nature to talk only of Krsna at every moment, as if such topics were newer and newer. They are attached to such topics, just as materialists are attached to topics of women and sex." ?
Is the love here not anuraga because the devotees see the Lord as newer and newer at every moment?
To this protest I reply: No. It is not so. The symptoms described in this verse are not the symptoms of anuraga. The symptoms of joy and distress described in this verse are rather the symptoms of rati or of other stages of love. Because it is not possible to say the symnptoms describned here are ther symptoms of anuraga, therefore it cvannot be concluded that anuraga is described in this verse. In this verse the word navya-vat" (the devotees consider the topics of the Lord as if they were newer and newer) is not the same as the devotees consider the topics of the Lord newer and newer". The gopis of Vraja experience spiritual love up to the stage of maha-bhava. Their love is described By Lord Krsna in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (11.12.11):
tas tah ksapah presthatamena nita mayaiva vrndavana-gocarena ksanardha-vat tah punar anga tasam hina maya kalpa-sama babhuvuh
"Dear Uddhava, all of those nights that the gopis spent with Me, their most dearly beloved, in the land of Vrndavana, seemed to them to pass in less than a moment. Bereft of My association, however, the gopis felt that those same nights dragged on forever, as if each night were equal to a day of Brahma."
When they gazed at Lord Krsna, the gopis were not willing to tolerate even the blinking of their eyelids. This is seen in the following words spoken by the gopis to Lord Krsna in srimad- Bhagavatam (10.31.15):
kutila-kuntalam sri-mukham ca te jada udiksatam paksma-krd drsam
"When You go off to the forest during the day, a tiny fraction of a second becomes like a millennium for us because we cannot see You. And even when we can eagerly look upon Your beautiful face, so lovely with its adornment of curly locks, our pleasure is hindered by our eyelids, which were fashioned by the foolish creator."
The devotees' inability to tolerate the blinking of their eyelids when that blinking interrupts their gazing at Lord Krsna is also seen in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (9.24.65):
yasyananam. . .naryo naras ca muditah kupita nimes ca
"Krsna's face is decorated with ornaments, such as earrings resembling sharks. His ears are beautiful, His cheeks brilliant, and His smiling attractive to everyone. Whoever sees Lord Krsna sees a festival. His face and body are fully satisfying for everyone to see, but the devotees are angry at the creator for the disturbance caused by the momentary blinking of their eyes."
Here the words "naryo naras ca muditah" show that even ordinary men and women become delighted by gazing at Lord Krsna. Then the words "kupita nimes ca" mean "but some devotees, namely the graceful gopis, become angry at the creator who created eyelids." This same verse is not found in other places in the scriptures. However, in the deescription of the gopis' meeting with Lord Krsna at Kuruksetra, it is said in srimad-Bhagavatam (10.82.39):
gopyas ca krsnam upalabhya cirad abhistam yat-preksane drsisu paksma-krtam sapanti drgbhir hrdi-krtam alam parirabhya sarvas tad-bhavam apur api nitya-yujam durapam
"While gazing at their beloved Krsna, the young gopis used to condemn the creator of their eyelids (which would momentarily block their vison of Him). Now, seeing Krsna again after such a long separation, with their eyes they took Him into their hearts, and there they embraced Him to their full satisfaction. In this way they became totally absorbed in ecstatic meditation on Him, although those who constantly practice mystic yoga find such absorption difficult to achieve."
In this verse it is seen that the gopis are the most exalted devotees. Although by His very nature Lord Krsna creates these ecstatic feelings of maha-bhava love in the gopis, the gopis still turn to Him for protection from the anxiety they feel in their love. As rain falling during the time of the Svati star creates pearls, so Lord Krsna inspires this kind of ecstatic love in the gopis. In the words "mad-bhavam apuh", the Lord affirms that the gopis indeed attained maha-bhava love for Him. Now the words "nitya-yujam durapam" will be discussed. Here the word "nitya-yujam" refers to the Dvaraka queens, who are like the gopis. It does not refer to others, who are not like the gopis, who are very far away from being like the gopis. The word "nitya-yujam" may also be interpeted to mean "We gopis, who are separated from our beloved and who day after day yearn to be with Him". The ecstatic love felt by the Dvaraka queens is described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.84.1):
srutva prtha subala-putry atha yajnaseni madhavy atha ksitipa-patnya uta sva-gopyah krsne 'khilatmani harau pranayanubandham sarva visismyur alam asru-kalakulaksyah
"Prtha, Gandhari, Draupadi, Subhadra, the wives of other kings, and the Lord's cowherd girlfriends were all amazed to hear of the queens' deep love for Lord Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead and Soul of all beings, and their eyes filled with tears."
Glorifying the gopis, the Dvaraka queens say in srimad- Bhagavatam (10.83.43):
vraja-striyo yad vanchanti. . .
"We desire the same contact with the Supreme Lord's feet that thr young women of Vraja, the cowherd boys, and even the aborigine Pulinda women desire - the touch of the dust He leaves on the plants and grass as He tends His cows."
The spiritual love the Dvaraka queens feel almost touches the spiritual love the filled with wonder vraja-gopis feel. In srimad-Bhagavatam 10.84.1 the word "sva" indicates that the gs are the Supreme Lord's most confidential (paramantaranga) internal potency. The glories and good fortune of the gopis ands the residents of Vraja, Mathura, and Dvaraka are described in the following three verses of srimad- Bhagavatam (1.10.26-28):
aho alam slaghyatamam yadoh kulam. . .
"Oh, how supremely glorified is the dynasty of King Yadu, and how virtuous is the land of Mathura, where the supreme leader of all living beings, the husband of the goddess of fortune, has taken His birth and wandered in His childhood. "Undoubtedly it is wonderful that Dvaraka has defeated the glories of the heavenly planets and has enchanced the celebrity of the earth. The inhabitants of Dvaraka are always seeing the soul of all living beings (Krsna) in His loving feature. He glances at them and favors them with sweet smiles.
nunam vrata-snana-hutadinesvarah samarcito hy asya grhita-panibhih pibanti yah sakhy adharamrtam muhur vraja-striyah sammumuhur yad-asayah
"O friends, just think of His wives, whose hands He has accepted. How they must have undergone vows, baths, fire sacrifices and perfect worship of the Lord of the universe to constantly relish now the nectar from His lips [by kissing]. The damsels of Vrajabhumi would often faint just by expecting such favors."
In these verses the gopis' and Dvaraka queens' exalted status and supreme knowledge of spiritual nectar sweetness is described. By thinking of the nectar sweetness the gopis and queens' tasted, the demigods would faint. Although they seemed to be mere human beings as they enjoyed their nectar pastimes, they were in truth the most exalted of souls. The following explanation may be given here. The Supreme Personality of Godhead has two features: 1. His feature as Brahman, and 2. His feature as the Supreme Personality of Godhead (bhagavan). In general the devotees are of two kinds: 1. neophyte devotees (tatastha) and 2. devotees who are personal associates (parikara) of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Some of the neophyte (tatastha) devotees take pleasure in the Brahman feature of the Lord. These devotees are situated in santa-rasa. Other neophyte devotees love the Supreme Personality of Godhead and His personal associates, but have not yet themselves become personal associates of the Lord. The causes that attract one to become a personal associate of the Lord and results of becoming a personal associate of the Lord are both absent amongst the nephyte devotees who take pleasure in the Brahman feature of the Lord. For these reasons these neophyte devotees are not attracted to become personal associates of the Lord. The causes that help (sahaya) one attracted to become a personal associate of the Lord are of two kinds: 1. the idea the Supreme Lord is mine", and 2. perception of the various limbs and features (upanga) of the Lord, amongst which is included perception of the Lord's impersonal Brahman feature. That the devotees attrracted to the impersonal Brahman do not think, "the Supreme Lord is mine" has already been shown. Neiother do these devotees have any direct perception of the limbs of the Supreme Lord's body. However, these devotees do have knowledge of the the impersonal Brahman, which is one of the Supreme Lord's secondary features (upanga). Fropm this knowledge of Brahman knowledge of the Supreme Personality of Godhead may eventually come. In this way these devotees m,ay eventually become attracted to the personal feature of the Supreme Lord. This truth is seen in the following words of srimad-Bhagavatam (1.7.10):
atmaramas ca. . .ittham-bhuta-guno harih
"All different varieties of atmaramas [those who take pleasure in atma, or spirit self], especially those established on the path of seff-realization, though freed from all kinds of material bondage, desire to render unalloyed devotional service unto the Personality of Godhead. This means that the Lord possesses transcendental qualities and therefore can attract everyone, including liberated souls."
These devotees may also become attracted ot the Supreme Lord directly. this is seen in the following words of srimad- Bhagavatam (3.15.43):
tasyaravinda-nayanasya. . . . . .cakara tesam sanksobham aksara-jusam api citta-tanvoh
"When the breeze carrying the aroma of tulasi leaves from the toes of the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead enetred the nosytrils of those sages, they experienced a change both in body and in mind, even though they were attached to the impersonal Brahman understanding."
In this way the impersonalists may renounced the impersonal idea. Then they attain the results of becoming attracted to the Supreme Lord. The result is they become rapt in meditation on the Lord. Eventually they may also see the Supreme Lord directly. The personal associates of the Supreme Lord directly serve the Lord again and again eternally. For this reason the good ofrtune of the Lord's personal associates is very great. The Supreme Lord, His personal associates, and some devotees' first directly seeing the Lord are described in srimad-Bhagavatam's account of the curse placed upon Jaya and Vijaya. In that account it is said: (srimad-Bhagavatam 3.15.37, 38, and 40):
tasmin yayau paramahamsa-maha-muninam anvesaniya-caranau calayan saha-srih
"Accompanied by His spouse, the goddess of fortune, He (the Supreme Lord) went to the spot on those very feet sought for by recluses and great sages.
tam tv agatam parihrtaupayikam sva-pumbhis te 'caksataksa-visayam sva-samadhi-bhagyam
"The sages, headed by Sanaka Rsi, saw that the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Visnu, who was formerly visible only within their hearts in ecstatic trance, had now actually become visible to their eyes. As He came forward, accompanied by His own associates bearing all paraphernalia, such as an umbrella and a camara fan, the white bunches of hair moved very gently, like two swans, and do to their favorable breeze the pearls garlanding the umbrella also moved, like drops of nectar falling frem the white full moon or ice melting due to a gust of wind."
vinata-sutamse vinyasta-hastam
"He rested one of His hands on the shoulder of Garuda, His carrier."
In these verses it is clear that Jaya and Vijaya were the Supreme Lord's personal associates. The four Kumaras, however, were more distantly associated with the Lord, associated in the mood of awe and reverence. That Jaya and Vijaya were personal associates of the Lord and the four Kumaras were not is confirmed by these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (3.15.37):
evam tadaiva bhagavan aravinda-nabhah svanam vibudhya sad-atikramam arya-hrdyah
"At that very moment the Lord, who is called Padmanabha because of the lotus grown from His navel and who is the delight of the righteous, learned about the insult offered by His own servants to the saints." This is also confirmed by the following words spoken by the Supreme Lord in srimad-Bhagavatam (3.15.40):
tad vah prasadayamy adya brahma daivam param hi me tad dhity atma-krtam manye yat sva-pumbhir asat-krtah
"To Me, the brahmana is the highest and most beloved personality. The disrespect shown by My attendants has actually been displayed by Me because the doormen are My servitors. I take this to be an offense by Myself: therefore I seek your forgiveness for the incident that has arisen."
When they saw the great good fortune of the Lord's personal associates, the four Kumaras became ashamed that they had cursed the Lord's associates. They said (srimad-Bhagavatam 3.16.25):
yam vanayor damam adhisa bhavan vidhatte vrttim nu va tad anumanmahi nirvyalikam asmasu va ya ucito dhriyatam sa dando ye 'nagasau vayam ayunksmahi kilbisena
"O Lord, whatever punishment You wish to award to these two innocent persons or also to us we shall accept without duplicity. We understand that we have cursed two faultless persons."
After the four Kumaras had departed, the Supreme Lord openly revealed His mercy to His personal associates. He said (srimad-Bhagavatam 3.16.29):
bhagavan anugav aha vatam ma bhaistam astu sam brahma-tejah samartho 'pi hantum necche matam tu me
"The Lord then said to His attendants, Jaya and Vijaya: Depart this place, but fear not. All glories unto you. Though I am capable of nullifying the brahmanas' curse, I would not do so. On the contrary, it has My approval."
In this way it is seen that the neophyte devotees are situated on a lower level of spiritual love and the personal associates of the Lord are situated on a higher level of spiritual love. Here someone may protest: "Is it not so that the Supreme is the abode of limitless spiritual love,love beyond all material designations? And is it not also so that to think of oneself as the Lord's personal associate is in itself a material designation, a designation that limits the love one may feel for the Supreme? Therefore the spiritual love felt by the worshipers of the impersonal Brahman is the true, the advanced spiritual love, and the spiritual love felt by persons who think themselves the Supreme Lord's personal associates is a very inferior kind of love. And furthermore the personal associates of the Lord have the mistaken idea that "the Supreme Lord is mine". Therefore the spiritual love felt by the worshipers of the impersonal Brahman is far superior." To this protest I give the following reply: It is not as you say. Whatever spiritual love may be felt in a general way without a personal relationship with the Lord is also included within the spiritual love the Lord's personal associates feel for Him. When thespirit soul attains perfection an realizes his true identity, then he becomes a personal associate of the Lord in a particular relationship with the Lord. What objection may be raised against this explanation? In this way, by comparison, the higher and lower levels of spiritual love are seen. The Supreme Personality of Godhead has His own individual nature, and the devotee has his individiual nature as the Lord's associate. An example of the love the Lord's personal associates feel for Him is given in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (10.13.25):
go-gopinam matrtasminn asit snehardhikam vina purovad. . .
"Previously, from the very beginning, the gopis had motherly affection for Krsna. Indeed, their affection for Krsna exceeded even their aaection for their own sons. In displaying their affection, they had thus distinguished between Krsna and their sons, but now that distinction disappeared."
The meaning of this verse is clear. This verse was spoken by srila sukadeva Gosvami.
Prīti · Sanskrit §108 · English §93
Source[१०८] तत्र स्वेभ्यः षोडश-सहस्र-सङ्ख्याभ्यः श्री-यदु-देवस्य पत्नीभ्यस् तथाष्टभ्यः पट्ट-महीषिभ्यश् च तासां माहात्म्यं वदन्त्यः परमकाष्ठापन्नतया श्री-राधिका-देव्या आहुः -- न वयं साध्वि साम्राज्यं स्वाराज्यं भौज्यम् अप्य् उत । वैराज्यं पारमेष्ठ्यं च आनन्त्यं वा हरेः पदम् ॥ कामयामह एतस्य श्रीमत्-पाद-रजः श्रियः । कुच-कुङ्कुम-गन्धाठ्यं मूर्ध्ना वोठुं गदा-भृतः ॥ व्रज-स्त्रियो यद् वाञ्छन्ति पुलिन्द्यस् तृण-वीरुधः । गावश् चारयतो गोपाः पाद-स्पर्शं महात्मनः ॥ [भ्प् १०.८३.४१-४३] हे साध्वि, साम्राज्यादिकं न कामयामहे । तत्र साम्राज्यं सार्वभौमं पदम् । स्वाराज्यं ऐन्द्रं पदं भोज्यं तद्-उभय-भोग-भाक्त्वम् । भुनक्तीति भुक् तस्य भाव इति । विविधं राजत इति विराट् तस्य भावो वैराज्यम् । अणिमादि-सिद्धि-भाक्त्वम् इत्य् अर्थः । पारमेष्ट्यं ब्रह्म- पदम् । आनन्त्यं ये ते शतम् [तैत्तु २.८.२] इत्य् आदि-श्रुति-रीत्या मनुष्यानन्दम् आरभ्य शत-शत-गुणितत्वेन प्राजापत्यस्य गणनायाः परां काष्ठां दर्शयित्वा पर-ब्रह्मणि तु यतो वाचो निवर्तन्ते [तैत्तु २.४.१] इत्य् अनेन यदानन्दस्यानन्त्यं दर्शितं तद् अपीत्य् अर्थः । किं बहुना, हरेः श्री-पतेः पदं सामीप्यादिकम् अपि यत् तद् एतद् अपि न कामयामहे । नाधीनं कर्तुम् इच्छाम इत्य् अर्थः । तर्हि किम् अधिकं लब्धं कामयध्वे ? न, तत्राहुः - एतस्यास्मत्-पतित्वेन सर्व-विज्ञातस्य गदा-भृतः श्रीमत्-पादरज एव तावन् मूर्ध्ना वोड्ध्रुं कामयामहे । तत्रापि यत् श्रियः कुच-कुङ्कुम-गन्धेनाढ्यं तद्- गन्धेन प्राप्त-सम्पद्-विशेषं तत् पुनर् अधिकं कामयामह इत्य् अर्थः । ननु, श्रीपतेर् एव पदं श्री-कुङ्कुम-गन्धाढ्यं [वृ. हेरे अद्द्स्: तत्- सामीप्याद् इत्य् आगात् तत् तु भवत्यस् त्यक्तवत्य एव । यदि च श्रीर् अत्र रुकुम्ण्य् अभिप्रेयते तर्हि तत् तु भवतीनां प्राप्तम् एव । तस्मात् तत्-तद्- विलक्षणाया एव श्रियः कुच-कुङ्कुम-गन्धाढ्यम् । वृ. अद्दितिओन् एन्द्स्.] तत् स्याद् इति गम्यते । ततस् तद्-अवबोधनाय पुनर् विशिष्यताम् । तत्राहुः व्रज- स्त्रिय इति । पूर्णाः पुलिन्द्य उरुगाय [भ्प् १०.२१.१७] इत्य् आदि स्व-वाक्याद्य्- अनुसारेण व्रज-स्त्र्य्-आदयो यद् वाञ्छन्ति ववाञ्छुर् इत्य् अर्थः । वर्तमान- प्रयोगेण तत्-तद्-अविच्छेद उत्प्रेक्ष्यते । अत्र पुलिन्द्य्-आदि-निर्देशस् तु स्वेषाम् अपि तत्-प्राप्ति-योग्यता-विवक्षया । तृण-वीरुधो (पगे ६४) दूर्वाद्याः । आसां तादृग्-अनुभवश् च तत्-कुच-कुङ्कुम-सौरभ-वासितत्वाविच्छिन्न-तत्- पादप-भावाद् एवेति भावः । गावो गाः । चारयतश् चारयन्तः । गोपा इत्य् अन्ते निर्देशस् तु केषांचित् प्रिय-नर्म-सखादीनां तद्-अनुमोदकारित्वेऽपि पुरुषत्वात् तत्रायोग्यता-विवक्षया । अयं भावः - श्रीत्वेन प्रसिद्धायाः श्रियस् तत्र कामनैव श्रूयते, न तु सङ्गतिः । यद्-वाञ्छया श्रीर् [भ्प् १०.१६.३६] इति नाग-पत्नीनां, या वै श्रियार्चितम् [भ्प् १०.४७.६२] इत्य् उद्धवस्याप्य् उक्तेः । न च रुक्मिणीत्वेन प्रसिद्धाया श्रियस् तत्र सङ्गतिः । काल-देशयोर् अन्यतमत्वात् । न च व्रज-स्त्रीणां श्री-सम्बन्ध-लालसा युक्ता - नायं श्रियोऽङ्ग [भ्प् १०.४७.६०] इत्य्-आदिना ततोऽपि परमाधिक्य-श्रवणात् । तस्माद् रुक्मिणी द्वारवत्यां तु राधा वृन्दावने वने इति मात्स्यानुसारेण रुक्मिण्या सह पठिता । शास्त्र-दृष्ट्या तूपदेशो वाम-देवाद् [व्स्. १.१.३०] इति न्याय-रीत्या महेन्द्रेण परमेश्वर इव दुर्गयाप्य् अहंग्रहोपासना- शास्त्र-दृष्ट्या स्वाभेदेनोपदिष्टा । श्री-राधा तु सर्वतः पूर्णा तल्- लक्ष्मीः । तथा देवी कृष्णमयी प्रोक्ता राधिका इत्य् आदि बृहद्-गौतमीयानुसारेण, राधया माधवो देवो माधवेनैव राधिका इत्य् आदि ऋक्-परिशिष्टानुसारेण च तासु राधात्वेन प्रसिद्धा सर्वतो विलक्षणा या श्रीर् विराजते ताम् उद्दिश्यैव तासां तद् इदं वाक्यम् । यथा च - अनयाराधितो नूनं भगवान् [भ्प् १०.३०.२८] इत्यादि । अप्य् एणपत्न्य्-उपगत [भ्प् १०.३०.११] इत्य्-आदि-द्वयं च । ततश् च तासां यथा तत्र स्पृहास्पन्दता तथास्माकं चेति । तद् एवं तादृश-प्रेम-स्फूर्तिमय-तद्-गन्धाढ्यतायाः सम्प्रत्य् अप्य् अस्मासु प्रकाशः स्याद् इति दर्शितम् । न केवलं तादृशं तद्-रज एव वाञ्छन्ति अपि तु तादृश-पाद-स्पर्शम् च । अतो वयम् अपि तं कामयामह इत्य् अर्थः । यद् वा तद्-रजस एव विशेषणं पाद-स्पर्शम् इति । तद्-अव्यभिचारि- फलत्वाद् अभिन्नम् एवेत्य् अर्थः । एतस्य तत्र कीदृशस्य ? महान् सर्वत्रत्याद् अपि स्वभावाद् उत्तम आत्मा सौन्दर्यादि-प्रकाश-मयः स्वभावो यस्य तादृशस्य तत्रातिशुशुभे ताभिर् भगवान् [भ्प् १०.३३.६] इति श्री-शुकोक्तेः ॥ ॥ १०.८३ ॥ श्री-महिष्यो द्रौपदीम् ॥ १०८ ॥ (पगे ६५)
[108] tatra svebhyaḥ ṣoḍaśa-sahasra-saṅkhyābhyaḥ śrī-yadu-devasya patnībhyas tathāṣṭabhyaḥ paṭṭa-mahīṣibhyaś ca tāsāṃ māhātmyaṃ vadantyaḥ paramakāṣṭhāpannatayā śrī-rādhikā-devyā āhuḥ -- na vayaṃ sādhvi sāmrājyaṃ svārājyaṃ bhaujyam apy uta | vairājyaṃ pārameṣṭhyaṃ ca ānantyaṃ vā hareḥ padam || kāmayāmaha etasya śrīmat-pāda-rajaḥ śriyaḥ | kuca-kuṅkuma-gandhāṭhyaṃ mūrdhnā voṭhuṃ gadā-bhṛtaḥ || vraja-striyo yad vāñchanti pulindyas tṛṇa-vīrudhaḥ | gāvaś cārayato gopāḥ pāda-sparśaṃ mahātmanaḥ || [BhP 10.83.41-43] he sādhvi, sāmrājyādikaṃ na kāmayāmahe | tatra sāmrājyaṃ sārvabhaumaṃ padam | svārājyaṃ aindraṃ padaṃ bhojyaṃ tad-ubhaya-bhoga-bhāktvam | bhunaktīti bhuk tasya bhāva iti | vividhaṃ rājata iti virāṭ tasya bhāvo vairājyam | aṇimādi-siddhi-bhāktvam ity arthaḥ | pārameṣṭyaṃ brahma- padam | ānantyaṃ ye te śatam [TaittU 2.8.2] ity ādi-śruti-rītyā manuṣyānandam ārabhya śata-śata-guṇitatvena prājāpatyasya gaṇanāyāḥ parāṃ kāṣṭhāṃ darśayitvā para-brahmaṇi tu yato vāco nivartante [TaittU 2.4.1] ity anena yadānandasyānantyaṃ darśitaṃ tad apīty arthaḥ | kiṃ bahunā, hareḥ śrī-pateḥ padaṃ sāmīpyādikam api yat tad etad api na kāmayāmahe | nādhīnaṃ kartum icchāma ity arthaḥ | tarhi kim adhikaṃ labdhaṃ kāmayadhve ? na, tatrāhuḥ - etasyāsmat-patitvena sarva-vijñātasya gadā-bhṛtaḥ śrīmat-pādaraja eva tāvan mūrdhnā voḍdhruṃ kāmayāmahe | tatrāpi yat śriyaḥ kuca-kuṅkuma-gandhenāḍhyaṃ tad- gandhena prāpta-sampad-viśeṣaṃ tat punar adhikaṃ kāmayāmaha ity arthaḥ | nanu, śrīpater eva padaṃ śrī-kuṅkuma-gandhāḍhyaṃ [Vṛ. here adds: tat- sāmīpyād ity āgāt tat tu bhavatyas tyaktavatya eva | yadi ca śrīr atra rukumṇy abhipreyate tarhi tat tu bhavatīnāṃ prāptam eva | tasmāt tat-tad- vilakṣaṇāyā eva śriyaḥ kuca-kuṅkuma-gandhāḍhyam | Vṛ. addition ends.] tat syād iti gamyate | tatas tad-avabodhanāya punar viśiṣyatām | tatrāhuḥ vraja- striya iti | pūrṇāḥ pulindya urugāya [Bhp 10.21.17] ity ādi sva-vākyādy- anusāreṇa vraja-stry-ādayo yad vāñchanti vavāñchur ity arthaḥ | vartamāna- prayogeṇa tat-tad-aviccheda utprekṣyate | atra pulindy-ādi-nirdeśas tu sveṣām api tat-prāpti-yogyatā-vivakṣayā | tṛṇa-vīrudho (page 64) dūrvādyāḥ | āsāṃ tādṛg-anubhavaś ca tat-kuca-kuṅkuma-saurabha-vāsitatvāvicchinna-tat- pādapa-bhāvād eveti bhāvaḥ | gāvo gāḥ | cārayataś cārayantaḥ | gopā ity ante nirdeśas tu keṣāṃcit priya-narma-sakhādīnāṃ tad-anumodakāritve'pi puruṣatvāt tatrāyogyatā-vivakṣayā | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - śrītvena prasiddhāyāḥ śriyas tatra kāmanaiva śrūyate, na tu saṅgatiḥ | yad-vāñchayā śrīr [BhP 10.16.36] iti nāga-patnīnāṃ, yā vai śriyārcitam [BhP 10.47.62] ity uddhavasyāpy ukteḥ | na ca rukmiṇītvena prasiddhāyā śriyas tatra saṅgatiḥ | kāla-deśayor anyatamatvāt | na ca vraja-strīṇāṃ śrī-sambandha-lālasā yuktā - nāyaṃ śriyo'ṅga [BhP 10.47.60] ity-ādinā tato'pi paramādhikya-śravaṇāt | tasmād rukmiṇī dvāravatyāṃ tu rādhā vṛndāvane vane iti mātsyānusāreṇa rukmiṇyā saha paṭhitā | śāstra-dṛṣṭyā tūpadeśo vāma-devād [Vs. 1.1.30] iti nyāya-rītyā mahendreṇa parameśvara iva durgayāpy ahaṃgrahopāsanā- śāstra-dṛṣṭyā svābhedenopadiṣṭā | śrī-rādhā tu sarvataḥ pūrṇā tal- lakṣmīḥ | tathā devī kṛṣṇamayī proktā rādhikā ity ādi bṛhad-gautamīyānusāreṇa, rādhayā mādhavo devo mādhavenaiva rādhikā ity ādi ṛk-pariśiṣṭānusāreṇa ca tāsu rādhātvena prasiddhā sarvato vilakṣaṇā yā śrīr virājate tām uddiśyaiva tāsāṃ tad idaṃ vākyam | yathā ca - anayārādhito nūnaṃ bhagavān [BhP 10.30.28] ityādi | apy eṇapatny-upagata [BhP 10.30.11] ity-ādi-dvayaṃ ca | tataś ca tāsāṃ yathā tatra spṛhāspandatā tathāsmākaṃ ceti | tad evaṃ tādṛśa-prema-sphūrtimaya-tad-gandhāḍhyatāyāḥ sampraty apy asmāsu prakāśaḥ syād iti darśitam | na kevalaṃ tādṛśaṃ tad-raja eva vāñchanti api tu tādṛśa-pāda-sparśam ca | ato vayam api taṃ kāmayāmaha ity arthaḥ | yad vā tad-rajasa eva viśeṣaṇaṃ pāda-sparśam iti | tad-avyabhicāri- phalatvād abhinnam evety arthaḥ | etasya tatra kīdṛśasya ? mahān sarvatratyād api svabhāvād uttama ātmā saundaryādi-prakāśa-mayaḥ svabhāvo yasya tādṛśasya tatrātiśuśubhe tābhir bhagavān [BhP 10.33.6] iti śrī-śukokteḥ || || 10.83 || śrī-mahiṣyo draupadīm || 108 || (page 65)
English translation
English witness · section(s) 93
Anuccheda 93
The nature of the Lord and the nature of the Lord's devotee are described in these words of srimad-Bhagavatam (7.5.14):
yatha bhramyaty ayo brahman svayam akarsa-sannidhau tatha me bhidyate cetas cakra-paner yadrcchaya
"O brahmanas (teachers), as iron attracted by a magnetic stone moves automatically toward the magnet, my consciousness, having been changed by His will, is attracted by Lord Visnu, who carries a disc in His hand. Thus I have no independence."
The meaning of this verse is clear. This verse was spoken by sri Prahlada.