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Paramātma-sandarbha · Reading 7 of 11

Sections 63–73

Unit 25 of 110Paramātma · Sanskrit §63 · English §67Paramātma · Sanskrit §73 · English §7610 source entries

Paramātma · Sanskrit §63 · English §67

Source

[६३] ननु कथं तर्हि तस्माद् अत्यन्त-पृथग् इवाथजातं प्रतीयते तत्राह - आबाधितो ऽपि ह्य् आभासो यथा वस्तुतया स्मृतः । दुर्घटत्वाद् ऐन्द्रियकं तद्वद् अर्थ-विकल्पितम् ॥ [भ्प् ७.१५.५८] आबाधितस् तर्क-विरोधेन सर्वतो बाधितः स्वातन्त्र्य-सत्तायाः सकाशान् निरस्तोऽपि यथा आभासः सूर्यादि-प्रति-रश्मिर् बालादिभिः पृथक् प्रकाशम् आनताद् अर्थनाद् वस्तुतया स्वतन्त्र-पदार्थतया स्मृतः कल्पितः तद्वद् ऐन्द्रियक सर्वं मूढैः स्वतन्त्रार्थत्वेन विविधं कल्पितं तत् तु न तत्त्व-दृष्ट्या स्वातन्त्र्य-निरूपणस्य दुर्घटत्वाद् इत्य् अर्थः ।

[63] nanu kathaṃ tarhi tasmād atyanta-pṛthag ivāthajātaṃ pratīyate tatrāha - ābādhito 'pi hy ābhāso yathā vastutayā smṛtaḥ | durghaṭatvād aindriyakaṃ tadvad artha-vikalpitam || [BhP 7.15.58] ābādhitas tarka-virodhena sarvato bādhitaḥ svātantrya-sattāyāḥ sakāśān nirasto'pi yathā ābhāsaḥ sūryādi-prati-raśmir bālādibhiḥ pṛthak prakāśam ānatād arthanād vastutayā svatantra-padārthatayā smṛtaḥ kalpitaḥ tadvad aindriyaka sarvaṃ mūḍhaiḥ svatantrārthatvena vividhaṃ kalpitaṃ tat tu na tattva-dṛṣṭyā svātantrya-nirūpaṇasya durghaṭatvād ity arthaḥ |

English translation

English witness · section(s) 67

Anuccheda 67

Text 1

That the material world is, in one sense, not different from the Supreme Personality of Godhead is also confirmed by the following words of Srimad-Bhagavatam (7.9.48):

“O Supreme Lord, You are actually the air, the earth, fire, sky, and water. You are the objects of sense perception, the life airs, the five senses, the mind, consciousness, and false ego. Indeed, You are everything, subtle and gross. The material elements and anything expressed, either by the words or by the mind, are nothing but You.”*

Text 2

Here the word “hrdayam” means “the sense within”. This word refers to the mind, intelligence, false ego, consciousness, and spirit self. “Cit” means “the pure spirit soul”, and “anugrahah” means “the favorable mercy potency”. What more need be said? “Sa-gunah” means “what is made of maya”, “vigunah” means “what is beyond maya”, and “sarvam tvam eva” means “You are all this”. This verse was spoken by Sri Prahlada to Lord Nrsimha.

Paramātma · Sanskrit §64 · English §68

Source

[६४] तद् एवाह द्वाभ्याम् - क्षित्य्-आदीनाम् इहार्थानां छाया न कतमापि हि । न सङ्घातो विकारो ऽपि न पृथङ् नान्वितो मृषा ॥ [भ्प् ७.१५.५९] क्षित्य्-आदीनां पञ्च-भूतानां छाया ऐक्य-बुद्ध्यालम्बन-रूपं देहादि- सङ्घातारम्भ-परिणामानां मध्ये कतमाप्य् अन्यतमापि न भवति । न तावत् तेषां सङ्घातो वृक्षाणाम् इव वनम् एक-देशाकर्षणे सर्वाकर्षणानुपपत्तेः । न ह्य् एकस्मिन् वृक्ष आकृष्टे सर्वं वनम् आकृष्यते । न च विकारः आरब्धोऽवयवी । अपि-शब्दात् परिणामोऽपि । कुतः । किम् अवयवेभ्यः पृथग् आरभ्यते परिणमते च तद्-अन्वितो वा । न तावद् अत्यन्तं पृथक् तथा अप्रतीतेः । न चान्वितः । स किं प्रत्यवयवम् अन्वेति अंशेन वा । आद्ये अङ्गुलि-मात्रेऽपि देह-बुद्धिः स्यात् । द्वितीये तस्याप्य् अंशाङ्गीकारे सत्य् अनवस्थापातः स्यात् । अतो देहादेः स्वातन्त्र्येणावस्थितिर् मृषैवेति ।

[64] tad evāha dvābhyām - kṣity-ādīnām ihārthānāṃ chāyā na katamāpi hi | na saṅghāto vikāro 'pi na pṛthaṅ nānvito mṛṣā || [BhP 7.15.59] kṣity-ādīnāṃ pañca-bhūtānāṃ chāyā aikya-buddhyālambana-rūpaṃ dehādi- saṅghātārambha-pariṇāmānāṃ madhye katamāpy anyatamāpi na bhavati | na tāvat teṣāṃ saṅghāto vṛkṣāṇām iva vanam eka-deśākarṣaṇe sarvākarṣaṇānupapatteḥ | na hy ekasmin vṛkṣa ākṛṣṭe sarvaṃ vanam ākṛṣyate | na ca vikāraḥ ārabdho'vayavī | api-śabdāt pariṇāmo'pi | kutaḥ | kim avayavebhyaḥ pṛthag ārabhyate pariṇamate ca tad-anvito vā | na tāvad atyantaṃ pṛthak tathā apratīteḥ | na cānvitaḥ | sa kiṃ pratyavayavam anveti aṃśena vā | ādye aṅguli-mātre'pi deha-buddhiḥ syāt | dvitīye tasyāpy aṃśāṅgīkāre saty anavasthāpātaḥ syāt | ato dehādeḥ svātantryeṇāvasthitir mṛṣaiveti |

English translation

English witness · section(s) 68

Anuccheda 68

Text 1

That the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the maya potency, and the individual spirit souls are also different is clearly explained in these words (Srimad-Bhagavatam 3.28.40-41):

Text 2

“The blazing fire is different from the flames, from the sparks, and from the smoke, although all are intimately connected because they are born from the same blazing wood.*

Text 3

“The Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is known as param brahma, is the seer. He is different from the jiva soul, or individual living entity, who is combined with the senses, the five elements, and consciousness.”*

Text 4

Here the word “sva-sambhavat” means “produced from itself”, and “ulmukat” means “flames produced from wood”. From this are produced sparks and some. However, even though it is the cause of the flames, the fire (agnih) is different (prthak) from the flames themselves.

Text 5

What are these things like? Three things are mentioned here. Because it is produced from fire, smoke has a nature similar to that of fire. the sparks here are the individual spirit souls, and the flames here are the pradhana.

Text 6

Manifested from the flames, which in this example stand for the Lord’s potency of pradhana, is the smoke, which stands for the material elements that begin with earth. Different (prthak) from all these is the Supreme Personality of Godhead (bhagavan), who is the cause and origin of them all. The Supreme Personality of Godhead expands as the Supersoul (atma) present in the hearts of all beings, and He also expands as the varietyless impersonal Brahman (brahma-samjYitah). He is the witness (drasta) of everything, in beginning, middle, and end. As flames are self- manifested from firewood, so He is self manifested (sva- sambhavat). When intelligent persons see smoke, the declare, “There must be a fire”. In the same way, when intelligent persons see the material world, they declare, “There must be a creator”. As a fire is different from its flames, so the Supreme Personality of Godhead is different from the material elements, senses, mind, and other ingredients of the material world. The Supreme Lord, who is called the Supreme Personality of Godhead (bhagavan), the Supersoul (paramatma), and the impersonal Brahman (brahma), and who is all-knowing (drasta), is different from all else. This is because the external material energy (bahiragga), the marginal potency (tatastha-sakti) and other potencies are all His potencies. That is the meaning here. The verse quoted in the beginning of this anuccheda was spoken by Lord Kapiladeva.

Paramātma · Sanskrit §65 · English §69

Source

[६५] एवं देहादेः स्वातन्त्र्येणानिरूप्यत्वम् उक्त्वा तद्-धेतूनां क्षित्य्-आदीनाम् अपि तथैवानिरूप्यत्वम् आह धातवो ऽवयवित्वाच् च तन्-मात्रावयवैर् विना । न स्युर् ह्य् असत्य् अवयविन्य् असन्न् अवयवो ऽन्ततः ॥ [भ्प् ७.१५.६०] धारयन्तीति । धातवो महाभूतानि तन्-मात्रैः सूक्ष्मैर् अवयवैर् विना न स्युः । अवयवित्वात् तेषाम् अपि । तर्ह्य् अवयव एव स्वतन्त्र इति चेत् तत्राह उक्त- प्रकारेणावयविनि निरूपयितुम् असति अवयवोऽप्य् अन्ततो निरूपयितुम् असन्न् इव स्यात् । अवयवि-प्रतीत्य्-अन्यथानुपपत्तिं विना परमाणु-लक्षणावयव-सद्- भावे प्रमाणाभावाद् इत्य् अर्थः । तद् उक्तं पञ्चमे - एवं निरुक्तं क्षिति-शब्द-वृत्तम् इत्य् [भ्प् ५.१२.९] आदि । तस्माद् ऐक्य- बुद्ध्यालम्बन-रूपं यत् प्रतीयते तत् सर्वत्र परमात्म-लक्षणं सर्व- कारणं वस्त्व् एवेति साधूक्तम् आदाव् अन्ते जनानां सद् इत्य् आदिना । एवम् एव तृतीयेऽप्य् उक्तम् - इति तासां स्व-शक्तीनां सतीनाम् असमेत्य सः । प्रसुप्त-लोक-तन्त्राणां निशाम्य गतिम् ईश्वरः ॥ काल-संज्ञा ततो देवीं विभ्रच् छक्तिम् उरुक्रमः । त्रयोविंशतित्-तत्त्वानां गणं युगपद् आविशत् ॥ सो ऽनुप्रविष्टो भगवांश् चेष्टारूपेण तं गणम् भिन्नं संयोजयाम् आस सुप्तं कर्म प्रबोधयन् ॥ इति [भ्प् ३.६.१-३] अतएव यस्य पृथिवी शरीरम् इत्य् आदि-श्रुतौ [बृहदु ३.७.३] सर्वस्य परमात्म-शरीरत्वेन प्रसिद्धिः परमात्मनस् तु शरीरत्वेन । तद् एवम् अवयव-रूपेण प्रधान-परिणामः सर्वत्रावयवी तु परमात्म-वस्त्व् एवेति सिद्धम् । ततोऽप्य् अमिथ्यात्वम् एव जगत उपपद्येत ॥

[65] evaṃ dehādeḥ svātantryeṇānirūpyatvam uktvā tad-dhetūnāṃ kṣity-ādīnām api tathaivānirūpyatvam āha dhātavo 'vayavitvāc ca tan-mātrāvayavair vinā | na syur hy asaty avayaviny asann avayavo 'ntataḥ || [BhP 7.15.60] dhārayantīti | dhātavo mahābhūtāni tan-mātraiḥ sūkṣmair avayavair vinā na syuḥ | avayavitvāt teṣām api | tarhy avayava eva svatantra iti cet tatrāha ukta- prakāreṇāvayavini nirūpayitum asati avayavo'py antato nirūpayitum asann iva syāt | avayavi-pratīty-anyathānupapattiṃ vinā paramāṇu-lakṣaṇāvayava-sad- bhāve pramāṇābhāvād ity arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ pañcame - evaṃ niruktaṃ kṣiti-śabda-vṛttam ity [BhP 5.12.9] ādi | tasmād aikya- buddhyālambana-rūpaṃ yat pratīyate tat sarvatra paramātma-lakṣaṇaṃ sarva- kāraṇaṃ vastv eveti sādhūktam ādāv ante janānāṃ sad ity ādinā | evam eva tṛtīye'py uktam - iti tāsāṃ sva-śaktīnāṃ satīnām asametya saḥ | prasupta-loka-tantrāṇāṃ niśāmya gatim īśvaraḥ || kāla-saṃjñā tato devīṃ vibhrac chaktim urukramaḥ | trayoviṃśatit-tattvānāṃ gaṇaṃ yugapad āviśat || so 'nupraviṣṭo bhagavāṃś ceṣṭārūpeṇa taṃ gaṇam bhinnaṃ saṃyojayām āsa suptaṃ karma prabodhayan || iti [BhP 3.6.1-3] ataeva yasya pṛthivī śarīram ity ādi-śrutau [BṛhadU 3.7.3] sarvasya paramātma-śarīratvena prasiddhiḥ paramātmanas tu śarīratvena | tad evam avayava-rūpeṇa pradhāna-pariṇāmaḥ sarvatrāvayavī tu paramātma-vastv eveti siddham | tato'py amithyātvam eva jagata upapadyeta ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 69

Anuccheda 69

Text 1

Some thinkers do not accept the existence of the Supreme Personality of Godhead and His expansion as the Supersoul. they say that this material world is only an illusion. However, thinkers who know the truth about the Supersoul declare that the material world is real. This is affirmed by the following prayer addressed to the Supreme Personality of Godhead (Srimad-Bhagavatam 10.87.26):

Text 2

“The atheists think that three modes of material nature comprise everything in this world, from the simplest phenomena to the complex human body. Although these phenomena appear real, they are only a false reflection of the spiritual reality, being a superimposition of the mind upon You. Still, those who know the Supreme Self consider the entire material creation to be real inasmuch as it is non-different from the Self. Just as things made of gold are indeed not to be rejected, since their substance is actual gold, so this world is undoubtedly non-different from the Lord who created it and then entered within it.”***

Text 3

Here the words “sad iva manas tri-vrt tvayi vibhati” mean “the atheists think that the three modes of material nature comprise everything in this world, from the simplest phenomena to the complex human body. Although these phenomena appear real, they are only a false reflection of the spiritual reality, being a superimposition of the mind upon You.” This is like the example of darvi-supa-rasa-nyaya. Because they do not accept the existence of the Supersoul, the atheists think the material world is unreal. That is the meaning.

Text 4

The atheists declare that the material world is an illusion created by the three modes, or else they think that the material world is a figment of the imagination. This is described in the following statement of Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.7.7):

Text 5

“The material universe that you perceive through your mind, speech, eyes, ears, and other senses is an illusory creation that one imagines to be real due to the influence of maya. In fact, you should know that all of the objects of the material senses are temporary.”***

Text 6

The words “tv atma-vida amanujad idam acesam atmataya sad abhimrcanti” mean “They who understand the truth about the Supersoul know that the Supersoul is present everywhere in the material world, that He is present in the individual soul’s external material bodies, beginning with the human bodies and including all the other kinds of bodies.” In this way they see that the material world is real. That is the meaning.

Text 7

Here, in the passage beginning with the words “na hi vikrtim”, an example is given. Merchants who seek gold are not very interested whether golden objects have shapes that are beautiful or ugly. They are interested only in whether the gold itself is pure. In the same way, they who know the truth about the Supersoul, are not interested in the various beautiful or ugly shapes present in the material world. Rather, they are interested in the all pervading Supersoul.

Text 8

Three reasons are given to explain that the material universe is manifested from the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The first reason is given in the word “sva-krtam”, which means “O Lord, You created the material world, by employing one of Your potencies, which then become the ingredient of which the material world was made. The second reason is given in the word “anupravistam”, which means “After the material world was created, You entered it as the Supersoul. In this way You are present in the hearts of all embodies beings”. The third reason is given in the words atmatayavasitam”, which mean “when the material universe is destroyed, the entire material creation, which is Your potency, enters within You.” In this way the example is explained.

Text 9

All of this is also explained in the following words of Sri Visnu Purana (1.4.40-41):

“Unaware of the true nature of the material world, fools see only material things. In this way they are plunged in illusion.

Text 10

“But the wise and pure-hearted sages see that even the material world is full of transcendental knowledge. O Supreme Personality of Godhead, they see the material world is a form of You.”

Text 11

The verse quoted in the beginning of this anuccheda was spoken by the Personified Vedas.

Paramātma · Sanskrit §66 · English §70

Source

[६६] ननु यदि परमात्म-वस्त्व् एव सर्वत्रावयवी देहः स्यात् ततश् च तत्रैव ब्राह्मणत्वादि-संज्ञा-प्राप्ते गुण-दोष-हेतू विधि-निषेधाव् अपि स्यातां । तौ च न सम्भवतः । तस्माद् अन्य एवावयवी युज्यते । इत्य् आशङ्क्याह - स्यात् सादृश्य-भ्रमस् तावद् विकल्पे सति वस्तुनः । जाग्रत्-स्वापौ यथा स्वप्ने तथा विधि-निषेधता ॥ [भ्प् ७.१५.६१] वस्तुनः परमात्मनो विकल्पे संशये सतीति तस्य तादृशत्वेन निर्णयो यावन् न स्यात् इत्य् अर्थः । तावद् एव तस्मात् सर्वैक्य-बुद्धि-निदानात् पृथग् देहैक्य-बुद्धिः सादृश्य-भ्रमः स्यात् । पूर्वापरावयवानुसन्धाने सति परस्परम् आसज्यैकत्र स्थितत्वेनावयवत्व-साधारण्येन चैक्य-सादृश्यात् प्रत्यवयवम् एकतया प्रतीतेः । सोऽयं देह इति भ्रम एव भवतीत्य् अर्थः । प्रतिवृक्षं तद् इदं वनम् इतिवत् । यथोक्तं स्वयं भगवता - सोऽयं दीपोऽर्चिषां यद्वत् स्रोतसां तद् इदं जलम् । सोऽयं पुमान् इति नॄणां मृषा धीर् गोर् मृषायुषाम् ॥ इति [भ्प् ११.२२.४५] । ततश् च तत्रैव ब्राह्मणत्वाद्य्-अभिमाने सति स्वप्न-वैषयकौ जाग्रत्- स्वप्नाव् इव तद्-विषयकौ विधि-निषेधौ स्याताम् इत्य् आह जाग्रद् इति । तथा तेन प्रकारेण विधेर् विधिता निषेधस्य निषेधतेत्य् अर्थः । एवं परस्वभाव-कर्मणि न प्रशंसेन् न गर्हयेत् । विश्वम् एकात्मकं पश्यन् प्रकृत्या पुरुषेण च ॥ [भ्प् ११.२८.१] इत्य् आदिर् एकादशाष्टविंशतितमाध्यायो ज्ञेयः । तत्र च किं भद्रं किम् अभद्रं वा द्वैतस्यावस्तुनः कियद् इत्य् आदिकं स्यात् सादृश्य-भ्रमस् तावद् इत्य् आद्य्-अनुसारेणैव व्याख्येयम् । अवस्तु यद् द्वैतं तस्येत्य् अर्थः । तस्मात् स्वातन्त्र्येण निरूपणाशक्त्या परमात्मनो æनन्यद् एव सर्वम् इति प्रकरणार्थः ॥ ॥७.१५ ॥ श्री-नारदः श्री-युधिष्ठिरम् ॥ ६६॥

[66] nanu yadi paramātma-vastv eva sarvatrāvayavī dehaḥ syāt tataś ca tatraiva brāhmaṇatvādi-saṃjñā-prāpte guṇa-doṣa-hetū vidhi-niṣedhāv api syātāṃ | tau ca na sambhavataḥ | tasmād anya evāvayavī yujyate | ity āśaṅkyāha - syāt sādṛśya-bhramas tāvad vikalpe sati vastunaḥ | jāgrat-svāpau yathā svapne tathā vidhi-niṣedhatā || [BhP 7.15.61] vastunaḥ paramātmano vikalpe saṃśaye satīti tasya tādṛśatvena nirṇayo yāvan na syāt ity arthaḥ | tāvad eva tasmāt sarvaikya-buddhi-nidānāt pṛthag dehaikya-buddhiḥ sādṛśya-bhramaḥ syāt | pūrvāparāvayavānusandhāne sati parasparam āsajyaikatra sthitatvenāvayavatva-sādhāraṇyena caikya-sādṛśyāt pratyavayavam ekatayā pratīteḥ | so'yaṃ deha iti bhrama eva bhavatīty arthaḥ | prativṛkṣaṃ tad idaṃ vanam itivat | yathoktaṃ svayaṃ bhagavatā - so'yaṃ dīpo'rciṣāṃ yadvat srotasāṃ tad idaṃ jalam | so'yaṃ pumān iti nṝṇāṃ mṛṣā dhīr gor mṛṣāyuṣām || iti [BhP 11.22.45] | tataś ca tatraiva brāhmaṇatvādy-abhimāne sati svapna-vaiṣayakau jāgrat- svapnāv iva tad-viṣayakau vidhi-niṣedhau syātām ity āha jāgrad iti | tathā tena prakāreṇa vidher vidhitā niṣedhasya niṣedhatety arthaḥ | evaṃ parasvabhāva-karmaṇi na praśaṃsen na garhayet | viśvam ekātmakaṃ paśyan prakṛtyā puruṣeṇa ca || [BhP 11.28.1] ity ādir ekādaśāṣṭaviṃśatitamādhyāyo jñeyaḥ | tatra ca kiṃ bhadraṃ kim abhadraṃ vā dvaitasyāvastunaḥ kiyad ity ādikaṃ syāt sādṛśya-bhramas tāvad ity ādy-anusāreṇaiva vyākhyeyam | avastu yad dvaitaṃ tasyety arthaḥ | tasmāt svātantryeṇa nirūpaṇāśaktyā paramātmano ænanyad eva sarvam iti prakaraṇārthaḥ || ||7.15 || śrī-nāradaḥ śrī-yudhiṣṭhiram || 66||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 70

Anuccheda 70

Text 1

In this way the idea that the material world is a transformation (parinama) of the Lord’s potencies is proved and the idea that the material world is a transformation (vivarta) of the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself is refuted. They who say the material world is a transformation of the Supreme Personality of Godhead give the example of mistaking a rope for a snake. In this example the imagines snake has no real existence. However, it cannot be said that the material world is unreal in that way. What one can say is that the material world is manifested temporarily, as a clay pot is temporarily manifested from the totality of clay. Therefore the material world is not unreal. It really exists. But one can say that it is unreal in the sense that it is temporarily manifested. It is not manifested in all three phases of time. Therefore the two theories of transformation are wrong, and the conclusion is that the material world is certainly real. It is real because it rests on the Supreme Personality of Godhead and His potency. In the Chandogya Upanisad (6.2.1) it is said:

“O gentle one, in the beginning only the eternal existed.”

In this passage the word “idam” (this) refers to the material world. the meaning here is that before the material world was manifested the Supreme Personality of Godhead and the subtle condition of the material world both existed eternally. Therefore it may be said that the material world is real because the subtle nature of the material world always exists.

Text 2

Here someone may protest: “Is it not true that the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the ingredient of which the material world is made? How, then, is it possible that the material world is temporary? If the material world is temporary, then must it not be an illusion, like the illusion of thinking the glittering silverlike surface of a seashell to be real silver?”. If this protest is raised, the following verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.87.36) may be quoted in answer:

Text 3

“Our dear Lord, there are two classes of transcendentalists: the personalists and impersonalists. The opinion of the impersonalists is that this material manifestation is false and that only the Absolute Truth is factual. The impersonalists are called andha-parampara, or blind followers of the Vedic ritualistic ceremonies.”*

Text 4

Here the word “idam” refers to the material universe, the possessor of qualities, and “sat” refers to the supreme goal, the final resting place. “Satah” means “manifested from the sat”. When one thing is manifested from another, the manifested inherits something of the nature of the manifestor. Therefore, when they are fashioned from gold, earrings and other ornaments retain gold as their ingredient. Such golden ornaments are not like the silver imagined to be visible on the surface of a seashell, for that glittering is not really silver. The impression that it is silver is a mistake. The impersonalists claim that the material world is an illusion, like that imagined silver on the seashell’s surface. This idea is refuted in this verse by the words “nanu tarka-hatam” (Indeed, that idea is not logical). Here the ablative cause is used to refute the idea that the manifested material world is different from its source.

Text 5

The word “nanu” means “Here someone may protest: ‘We affirm that they are not different. We say that earrings and other ornaments made of gold are not different from gold.’ Fearing that someone will use this example to prove that all existence is in all respect identical with the Supreme, the author of this Srimad-Bhagavatam verse speaks the words vyabhicarati kva ca” (this idea is inconsistent). Here the words “kva ca” mean “in some circumstances this idea is not confirmed by the truth about the cause, for the effect is a part of the cause.” therefore the idea of oneness is not true. Here the example may be given that light and other qualities of fire are not identical with fire itself. This is explained in the following words of Sri Visnu Purana (1.22.53- 55):

Text 6

“The Supreme Personality of Godhead has two natures. One nature has a form, and the other nature is formless. One nature is temporary and the other is eternal. The eternal nature is the Supreme Brahman, and the temporary nature is the material world.

Text 7

“Just as the illumination of a fire, which is situated in one place, is spread all over, the energies of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Parabrahman, are spread all over this universe.”*

Text 8

Srila Sridhara Svami comments:

“Here someone may protest: ‘How is it possible that the temporary material world, which is the temporary form of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, be in any way different from the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself?’ Fearing that someone would protest in this way, in this verse the author gives an example to explain the truth. He says: ‘A lamp or other flame may stay in one place, and its energy, in the form of light, is spread in all directions. The light is, in one sense, certainly different from the fire itself. In this same way, the entire material world, which is manifested from the Supreme Lord’s potency, is different from the Supreme Lord Himself’.”

Text 9

Now we will return to the original topic of this discussion. Here someone may protest: “Is it not so that the material world is an illusion, like the illusion of silver than seems to glitter on a seashell?” To this protest the Srimad-Bhagavatam replies with the words “kva ca mrsa” (from one point of view it is an illusion). Although the glittering on the seashell is not silver, it is not nothing. It is something else. Therefore it is not non-existent (mrsa).

Text 10

Here someone may again protest: “The material world is unreal. As a less-valuable pot, not made of copper, is falsely claimed to be made of copper, so the material world is falsely claimed to be real.” To this protest the Srimad-Bhagavatam replies with the word “vyavahrtaye” (in ordinary activities). This means that in the marketplace a merchant may misrepresent the nature of the pot, but that does not mean that the pot does not exist. Of course, the merchant will not gain the benefits of pious deeds by cheating in that way.

Text 11

If by mistake one purchases the poison named sunthi and then, not knowing its true nature eats that poison, one will not remain healthy. He will certainly die. therefore to be in illusion about the true nature of something does not mean that the thing in question ceases to exist or loses its actual identity. Therefore all the examples of mistaking one thing for another do not prove that the material world is not real. The material world is certainly real. One example of this is the story of a person’s becoming frightened by mistaking a rope for a snake. The explanations given above show that this example does not prove that the material world is not real.

Text 12

Here the Supreme Personality of Godhead verse uses the word “andha-paramparaya” (the disciplic succession of blind teachers). Such persons cannot understand the examples of ordinary activities of the marketplace (vyavahrtaye) such as the example of the copper pot. Therefore these persons are said to be blind.

Text 13

Therefore, one should not interpret these examples in any other way. The relationship between smoke and fire is that smoke is produced by fire. That is the proper understanding. In that was one should understand that the material world is real, for it was created by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. In this way the impersonalists’ theory of transformation is rejected, and the truth, that the Supreme Personality of Godhead is eternal and unchanging, is established.

Text 14

Here someone may protest: “the Sruti-sastras (Rg Veda 8.48.3) declare:

“We have drunk soma, and now we are immortal. By observing Caturmasya we attained eternal piety.

In this way the Sruti-sastras affirm that material pious deeds bring results that are eternal. The results they bring are not temporary.”

Fearing that someone would protest in this way, the Srimad-Bhagavatam verse replies with the word “bhramayati” (such persons are bewildered).

Text 15

Here the words “te bharati uru-vrttibhir uktha-jadan bhramayati” mean “O Supreme Personality of Godhead, filled with many direct and indirect meanings, Your words bewilder the persons who have become feeble-minded by their great faith in the fruitive actions described in the Vedas.”

Text 16

Here is the meaning: The Vedas do not always praise the results attained by fruitive activities. Sometimes the rules and regulations for fruitive activities are described, and sometimes the results of fruitive activities are sriticized. For example, in the Chandogya Upanisad (8.1.6) it is said:

“By performing fruitive deeds one may enter the higher material worlds, but then again he must also fall from those worlds. By performing pious deeds one may, in the next life, enter the higher material worlds, but then again he must also fall from those worlds.”

Text 17

In this way persons whose intelligence has become dulled by fruitive activities are bewildered. The truth is that the material world is real, although, because it is always in flux, it is considered temporary. This is confirmed by the following words of Sri Kumarika Bhatta:

“According to the Puranas and Itihasas, the material universes are again and again created and destroyed.”

Text 18

Here someone may protest: “Therefore we say that the material world is not different from the Supreme”. Fearing that someone might make this claim, this verse of Srimad-Bhagavatam affirms that the three existences (the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the individual spirit souls, and the external material energy) are different from each other. In this way the idea that they are not different is refuted. This is affirmed here by the words “kva ca vyabhicarati”, which mean that a clay pot or other material object is limited in its existence. Thus the clay pot may exist in one place, but it does not exist in all places. It may exist at one point in time, but in another point in time it will have vanished.

Text 19

In addition to these things, there are things that are actually illusions (mrsa). An example of an illusion is the silver that seems to exist on the surface of a seashell. In this way the material world consists of both things (ubhaya-yuk): 1. realities, such as the clay pot and other like things, and 2. illusions, such as the silver that seems to exist on the surface of a seashell.

Text 20

However, the prime cause of all causes is not like these two (the limited realities and the illusions), for the prime cause exists always and everywhere. Therefore 1. the material world, like the clay pot described before, is considered temporary because it is always in flux, 2. various illusions exist only because people mistakenly believe them, and 3. the prime cause is eternal and unchanging. How is it possible to say that these three are identical and not at all different from each other?

Text 21

Fearing that someone may bring up the example of the pretended copper pot, the Srimad-Bhagavatam speaks the word vyavahrtaye”. Here the word “vikalpah” means imagining the qualities of one thing to be present in another”. In this way the word “vyavahrtaye” is used.

Text 22

Here is the meaning. If the merchant thinks a false-copper pot is truly made of copper and he has not the slightest inkling that the pot is not genuine copper, and he thinks that the customer has taken home a genuine copper pot, then the merchant has not cheated the customer. The merchant must be aware that he is cheating for there to be a srime on his part.

Text 23

Even a hundred blind men cannot see whether a pot is genuine copper or not. That is why the word “andha-paramparaya” (the disciplic succession of blind men) is used here. In this way this verse describes the andha-parampara’s lack of ability to function in even ordinary activities (vyavahrtaye). As the andha-parampara is useless in performing regular activities, so the kuta-tamrika-parampara (disciplic succession of cheaters) is also useless. That is the meaning.

Text 24

In this way the theory of the impersonalists is refuted. In Cagkaracarya’s Vedanta-commentary is found the following story, which shows the faults of the andha-parampara. There a question was asked: “Why bought this gold?” The answer was given: “A blind man bought it.” then the question was asked: “Who determined that it was genuine gold?” The answer was given: “The blind man determined it.” Then the question was asked: “How was he able to know that the gold was genuine?” The answer was given: “Another blind man told him.” From this it may be seen that even a host of blind men, and andha-parampara (a disciplic succession of blind men) cannot understand even ordinary material things. A host of blind man cannot see the truth, but one person who is not blind, who has eyes, can see everything. A person who has eyes can dissriminate between a genuine copper pot and an imitation. This example confirms the truth that the material world is real, and is not an illusion.

Text 25

That the material world is real is also confirmed by the following prayer of Brahma and the demigods (Srimad-Bhagavatam 10.2.26):

“O Lord, You are the active principle, the real truth, in all ingredients of creation.”*

This is also confirmed by the following words of the Taittiriya Upanisad (2.6):

“Then He saw that the material world was real.”

Text 26

The remainder of the previously quoted Srimad-Bhagavatam verse is like what has already been explained. In this way it is shown that the material world, although temporary, is certainly real. Even the temporary nature of the material world is only true in a certain sense, for the material world always exists. It is temporary in the sense that it is sometimes visible and sometimes invisible, although it always exists. The fact that the material world is real is also affirmed by the following words of Brhad- aranyaka Upanisad (3.8.3):

“The material world is, always was, and always will be.”

Paramātma · Sanskrit §67 · English §71

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[६७] अत आह - त्वं वायुर् अग्निर् अवनिर् वियद् अम्बु मात्राः प्राणेन्द्रियाणि हृदयं चिद् अनुग्रहश् च । सर्वं त्वम् एव सगुणो विगुणश् च भूमन् नान्यत् त्वद् अस्त्य् अपि मनो-वचसा निरुक्तम् ॥ [भ्प् ७.९.४८] हृदयम् अन्तर्-इन्द्रियं मनो बुद्ध्याहङ्कार-चित्तात्मकं, चित् शुद्दो जीवः । अनुग्रहः स्व-सम्मुखी-करण-शक्तिः । किं बहुना स-गुणो मायिकः विगुणश् चामायिकः सर्वार्थस् त्वम् एवेति ॥ ७.९ ॥ श्री-प्रह्लादः श्री- नृसिंहम् ॥६७॥

[67] ata āha - tvaṃ vāyur agnir avanir viyad ambu mātrāḥ prāṇendriyāṇi hṛdayaṃ cid anugrahaś ca | sarvaṃ tvam eva saguṇo viguṇaś ca bhūman nānyat tvad asty api mano-vacasā niruktam || [BhP 7.9.48] hṛdayam antar-indriyaṃ mano buddhyāhaṅkāra-cittātmakaṃ, cit śuddo jīvaḥ | anugrahaḥ sva-sammukhī-karaṇa-śaktiḥ | kiṃ bahunā sa-guṇo māyikaḥ viguṇaś cāmāyikaḥ sarvārthas tvam eveti || 7.9 || śrī-prahlādaḥ śrī- nṛsiṃham ||67||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 71

Anuccheda 71

Text 1

Another argument of the impersonalists is that the material world is unreal because it is like the silver mistakenly thought to be present in the silverlike glittering on a seashell’s surface. This argument cannot be accepted. A very different example is given in the Vedanta-sutra (2.1.19):

“The material world is like a cloth, its threads woven on the Supreme Personality of Godhead.”

When the material world enters a subtle state of existence, it is said to be unmanifested. At that time, however, it does not cease to exist and become an illusion like the silver imagined to glitter on a seashell’s surface. Rather, the material world becomes transformed. The material world, after all, does not have only one state of existence. The following explanation is given in Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.87.37):

Text 2

“The cosmic manifestation, because of the flickering nature of its impermanent existence, appears to less-intelligent men to be false.”*

Text 3

Here the word “yat” means “if”, idam” means “the material universe”, “agre” means “before the material universe was created”, na asa” means “was not”, and “na bhavisyat” means “would not be”. Here the absence of the prefix a” in the word that should be “abhavisyat” is an example of the poetic license of the sages. Here the impersonalists claim that the material world is like a flower imagined to float in the sky. That the material world is real is confirmed by the following words of Chandogya Upanisad (6.2.1):

“O gentle one, before the material world was manifested, the Supreme Personality of Godhead existed.”

This is also confirmed by the following words of Brhad- aranyaka Upanisad (1.4.1):

“Before the material world was manifested, the Supreme Personality of Godhead existed.”

Text 4

Because the effect is also present within its cause, the material world, in its subtle form, is present in the Supreme Personality of Godhead before the time of material creation. Here the verse says, “O Lord, the idea that because at a certain point in time the material universe is destroyed, therefore the material world is unreal, like the silver imagined to exist on the glittering surface of a seashell, and the idea that although for a certain time the material universe is manifested within You, it does not exist before or after that manifestation, and therefore it is unreal, are conclusions not supported by the evidence of the scriptures.”

Text 5

The reason for this is given in the word “eka-rase”, which means “in the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who always experiences transcendental bliss”. Therefore the verse declares: “the material universe rests within You, O Supreme Personality of Godhead”. How, then, is it possible that the material world is unreal, like the silver mistakenly thought to exist in the glittering surface of a seashell?

Text 6

Here the Personified Vedas hint: We have already said (Srimad-Bhagavatam 10.87.35):

“A Krsna conscious being becomes disinterested in family life or opulent living conditions.”*

Text 7

Here the Personified Vedas say: “Therefore we think that by the Supreme Lord’s inconceivable potency the various ingredients, like iron and earth, are transformed into the various objects of this world, like earrings and clay pots. Therefore these objects are not illusions. They are not like the silver mistakenly thought to exist on the glittering surface of a seashell.”

Text 8

Here the verse says: “Fools think that the material world is an imagination, the playing of the mind, and the material world is actually the Supreme itself. This cannot be true.” Here the word “rtam” means “it is not unreal”.

Text 9

They who affirm that the material world is real say that as balls of clay are fashioned into clay pots, so the things of this material world are fashioned from the material elements. Thus there are two views: 1. that the material world is real, and 2. that the material world is not real. There is no need to elaborately discuss the first view. The second view affirms that actions, persons who perform actions, and what results from the actions are all unreal, like a flower imagined to float in the sky. How can anyone present any evidence to prove such a foolish idea? The preceding is thus the general idea of this verse.

Text 10

When it is not openly manifested, the material world does not cease to exist. Rather, it is exists in an unmanifested state. In that state it is like the shapeless balls of clay that a craftsman may later shape into pots and other objects. It is in this sense that the Personified Vedas say here: “O Lord, Your personal potency has created this material world.”

Text 11

They who think otherwise, that the material world is not real, and who call themselves “Vedantists”, embrace a view that is actually refuted by the words of the Vedanta-sutra. Their idea, that the material world is an imagination created by the mind, is also refuted by logic, for it is not logical to assume that the mind itself, along with false ego and the other elements, are an imagination of the mind. This being so, the theory of atheism, that there is no God, is also rejected by the Vedanta-sutra. This theory is also sriticized by these words of Padma Purana:

Text 12

“The Srutis and Smrtis all affirm that the Supreme Personality of Godhead certainly exists. Anyone who tries to refute the existence of God is lowest of the low.”

Text 13

The view of the atheists is also described in these words of Bhagavad-gita (16.8):

“They say that this world is unreal, that there is no foundation, and that there is no God in control. It is produced of sex desire, and has no cause other than lust.”*

Text 14

Thus, in these words of Bhagavad-gita and other scriptures, the philosophy of atheism is described. Here the word asatyam” means “unreal”. It cannot be said that the world is both real and unreal. Here “apratistham” means “there is no foundation”. Here the Bhagavad-gita verse says, “Because they think that God is created by the imagination, the atheists think that they are God themselves. Therefore they say that there is no God (anicvaram). They say that we have created the world (jagat) ourselves (aparaspara- sambhutam), because of our beginningless ignorance, and we have created it out of the desires in our minds (kama-haitukam), as one creates things in a dream.” That is the meaning.

Text 15

The atheists and demons are also described in these words of Bhagavad-gita (16.7):

“Those who are demonic do not know what is to be done and what is not to be done. Neither cleanliness, nor proper behavior, nor truth is found in them.”*

The faults of the demons are also described in these words of Bhagavad-gita (16.9):

“Following such conclusions, the demonic, who are lost to themselves and who have no intelligence, engage in unbeneficial, horrible works meant to destroy the world.”*

In this way the demons’ activities are sriticized. The demons say that the glories of the Supreme Personality of Godhead are all an illusion (maya), that the Lord’s glories are created by the imaginations of the living beings. They say that the Supreme Lord’s creation of the material world is all mythology.

Text 16

In his commentary on Vedanta-sutra (2.1.14), Sri Cagkaracarya asserts:

“The names and forms of the all-knowing Supreme Personality of Godhead are a figment of the imagination. They cannot be described with words. No one can say whether they are real or not. They are created by the souls in the material world. They are manifested from the illusory potency maya. They are material. This is described in the Sruti and Smrti.”

Text 17

These ideas are refuted by the Supreme Lord Himself in these words (Srimad-Bhagavatam 11.11.3):

“O Uddhava, both knowledge and ignorance, being products of may, are expansions of My potency. Both knowledge and ignorance are beginningless and perpetually award liberation and bondage to embodied living beings.”***

Text 18

This impersonalist and atheist philosophy is called mayavada” (the philosophy of maya). In the Padma Purana, Uttara-khanda, in the course of dessribing the scriptures of the blasphemers and atheists, Lord Siva tells Goddess Parvati:

Text 19

“The mayavada philosophy is impious. It is covered Buddhism. My dear Parvati, in the form of a brahmana in Kali-yuga I teach this imagined Mayavada philosophy.”*

Text 20

“Similarly, in explaining Vedanta, I dessribe the same mayavada philosophy in order to mislead the entire population toward atheism by denying the personal form of the Lord.”*

Text 21

In order to bewilder the demons, the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself ordered Lord Siva to preach the mayavada philosophy. This is confirmed by the following quote from both the Padma Purana and the Siva Purana, where the Supreme Personality of Godhead tells Siva:

Text 22

“In Kali-yuga, mislead the people in general by propounding imaginary meanings for the Vedas to bewilder them.”*

Text 23

These words were spoken by the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself. The same truth is also described in the Sri Nrsimha Purana, where Yamaraja says:

Text 24

“They who carefully study the philosophies of PataYjali, Kanada, Cagkaracarya, Buddha, Pseudo-Kapila, Gautama, and other materialistic authors, and who neglect devotional service to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, do not attain perfection.”

Text 25

In this list the scriptures of all the different philosophies are mentioned. Only the mantra-scriptures and some other scriptures are excluded. In the following words (Vedanta- sutra 1.1.12), the author of Vedanta-sutra refutes all these philosophies: anandamayo ‘bhyasat

“The Supreme Personality of Godhead is by nature full of joy.”*

Text 26

By the dessriptions in various parts of the scriptures, the philosophy of atheism and impersonalism is soundly refuted, and the philosophy of theism and devotion is firmly established. In this way it is seen that the Supreme Personality of Godhead is creator of all. By his own knowledge and his own power the individual spirit soul does not have the power to create.

Text 27

That the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the creator of the world is confirmed by Sri Vyasadeva in the following words of Vedanta-sutra (2.4.20): samjYa-murti-klptis tu tri-vrtkurv ata upadecat

“The Supreme Personality of Godhead created the world. That is the teaching of the scriptures.”

Text 28

That the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the creator of the world is also described in these words of the scriptures:

“The Supreme Personality of Godhead created mind, and mind created the demigod Brahma.”

Here the word “manah” (mind) refers to Lord Aniruddha, the presiding Deity who controls all minds.

That the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the creator of the world is also described in these words of the Chandogya Upanisad (6.2.3):

“The Supreme Personality of Godhead then thought: Let Me become many. I will father the many living entities.”

In this way it is said that the material world was created by the Supreme Lord’s desire.

Text 29

As the king of cintamani jewels does not create false gold, so the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is master of inconceivable transcendental potencies, does not directly create the insignificant illusory potency called maya.

Text 30

In his commentary, Sri Madhvacarya quotes the following words of the Sruti-sastra:

“the sages say that whatever the Supreme Lord creates is real. Therefore the material world is also a reality.”

Text 31

That the material world is real for it is created by the Lord is also affirmed by the following prayer (Srimad-Bhagavatam 10.2.26):

“O Lord, You never deviate from Your vow, which is always perfect because whatever You decide is perfectly correct and cannot be stopped by anyone. Being present in the three phases of cosmic manifestation - creation, maintenance, and annihilation - You are the Supreme Truth. Indeed, unless one is completely truthful, one cannot achieve Your favor, which therefore cannot be achieved by hyposrites. You are the active principle, the real truth, in all the ingredients of creation, and therefore You are known as Antaryami, the inner force. You are equal to everyone, and Your instructions apply for everyone, for all time. You are the beginning of all truth. Therefore, offering our obeisances, we surrender unto You. Kindly give us protection.”*

Text 32

In this verse it is said that because the Supreme Personality of Godhead is devoted to the truth, and because all His desires are at once fulfilled, therefore the Lord’s pastimes of creating, maintaining, and destroying the material worlds is a reality. It is the truth. In this verse the first satyasya” means “of the material world, which is real because the Supreme Lord is its creator”, “satye” means “in the material world, which is real because the Supreme Personality of Godhead stays within it as the Supersoul”, and the second “satyasya” means “of the material world, which is real because the Supreme Lord is the origin from whence it has come”. Thus it is said here that the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the creator of the material world, which is again and again described here as real (satya). That is the meaning of these words.

Text 33

The three words statements “satyasya yonim”, nihitam”, and “satye” affirm that the material world is real. Only with a very labored and unnatural interpretation can one avoid accepting this truth. Also, one cannot accept the other statements of the scriptures and reject this statement. The scriptures must be accepted as a whole, without accepting some parts and rejecting others. This is explained in the example of ardha-jaratiya-nyaya. In this way it is affirmed that the Lord keeps His promise and the material world is a reality. To interpret this verse in any other way would break the logical and grammatical sense of this verse, which was spoken by Brahma and the demigods. In this way it is proved that the material world is real,. The verse quoted in the beginning of this anuccheda was spoken by the Personified Vedas to the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

Paramātma · Sanskrit §68 · English §72

Source

[६८] अथ तस्य माया-शक्ति-कार्य-माया-जीवेभ्योऽन्यत्वं च स्पष्टयति - यथोल्मुकाद् विस्फुलिङ्गाद् धूमाद् वापि स्व-सम्भवात् । अप्य् आत्मत्वेनाभिमताद् यथाग्निः पृथग् उल्मुकात् ॥ [भ्प् ३.२८.४०] भूतेन्द्रियान्तः-करणात् प्रधानाज् जीव-संज्ञितात् । आत्मा तथा पृथग् द्रष्टा भगवान् ब्रह्म-संज्ञितः ॥ [भ्प् ३.२८.४१] अयम् अर्थः । स्व-सम्भवात् स्वोपादान-कारणात् उल्मुकात् काष्ठ-मुष्ट्य्- उपाधिकात् । अग्नेर् हेतोर् या विस्फुलिङ्गो यश् च धूमस् तस्मात् तस्माद् यथा तत्-तद्-उपादानम् अग्निः पृथग् यथा च तस्माद् उल्मुकात् तद्-उपादान, असाव् अग्निः पृथक् । कीदृशाद् अपि तत्-त्रयाद् अप्य् आत्मत्वेनाभिमतात् नापकतया धूमेऽग्न्य्-अंश-सद्-भावेनाग्नि-स्वरूपतया प्रतीताद् अपि तथा विस्फुलिङ्ग- स्थानीयाज् जीव-संज्ञिताज् जीवात् उल्मुक-स्थानीयात् प्रधानात् प्रधानोपाधिक-भगवत्-तेजसः धूम-स्थानीयाद् भूतादेः सर्वोपादान- रूपो भगवान् पृथक् । य एवात्मा स्वांशेन तत्-तद्-अन्तर्यामितया परमात्मा । क्वचिद् अधिकारिणि निर्विशेष-चिन्मात्रतया स्फुरन् ब्रह्म- संज्ञितश् च । यत एव द्रष्टा तेषाम् आदि-मध्यान्तावस्था- साक्षीति ॥ ३.२८ ॥ श्री-कपिलदेवः ॥६८॥

[68] atha tasya māyā-śakti-kārya-māyā-jīvebhyo'nyatvaṃ ca spaṣṭayati - yatholmukād visphuliṅgād dhūmād vāpi sva-sambhavāt | apy ātmatvenābhimatād yathāgniḥ pṛthag ulmukāt || [BhP 3.28.40] bhūtendriyāntaḥ-karaṇāt pradhānāj jīva-saṃjñitāt | ātmā tathā pṛthag draṣṭā bhagavān brahma-saṃjñitaḥ || [BhP 3.28.41] ayam arthaḥ | sva-sambhavāt svopādāna-kāraṇāt ulmukāt kāṣṭha-muṣṭy- upādhikāt | agner hetor yā visphuliṅgo yaś ca dhūmas tasmāt tasmād yathā tat-tad-upādānam agniḥ pṛthag yathā ca tasmād ulmukāt tad-upādāna, asāv agniḥ pṛthak | kīdṛśād api tat-trayād apy ātmatvenābhimatāt nāpakatayā dhūme'gny-aṃśa-sad-bhāvenāgni-svarūpatayā pratītād api tathā visphuliṅga- sthānīyāj jīva-saṃjñitāj jīvāt ulmuka-sthānīyāt pradhānāt pradhānopādhika-bhagavat-tejasaḥ dhūma-sthānīyād bhūtādeḥ sarvopādāna- rūpo bhagavān pṛthak | ya evātmā svāṃśena tat-tad-antaryāmitayā paramātmā | kvacid adhikāriṇi nirviśeṣa-cinmātratayā sphuran brahma- saṃjñitaś ca | yata eva draṣṭā teṣām ādi-madhyāntāvasthā- sākṣīti || 3.28 || śrī-kapiladevaḥ ||68||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 72

Anuccheda 72

Text 1

In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.87.27) it is said:

“The cosmic manifestation, because of the flickering nature of its impermanent existence, appears to less-intelligent men to be false.”*

In this way it is understood that even after the time of cosmic devastation, the material energy continues to exist. Here the word “cosmic devastation” refers to liberation from the material world. It does not dessribe the destruction of the element earth and the other material elements. Therefore it is not at all logical to say that the material elements, which are all potencies of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, can be destroyed by the imagination or the whim of individual spirit souls.

Text 2

In the scriptures’ dessription of how King Pariksit and other great souls attained liberation it is said that the soul then leaves its home in the material body made of earth, intelligence, and a host of other ingredients that are part and parcel of the Hiranyagarbha (universal form). This departure of the soul from the material body is called “the great devastation”.

Text 3

This great devastation is also described in these words of Srimad-Bhagavatam (12.5.5 and 12.5.11-12):

“When a pot is broken, the portion of the sky within the pot remains as the element sky, just as before. In the same way, when the gross and subtle bodies die, the living entity within resumes his spiritual identity.”***

Text 4

“Thus resigning yourself to the Supreme Soul, who is free from all material misidentifications, you will not even notice the snake-bird Taksaka when he approaches you with his poison-filled fangs and bites your foot. Nor will you see your dying body or the material world around you, because you will have realized yourself to be separate from them.”***

Text 5

Because the soul in this way leaves all contact with the material body, it is seen that the material body is not an illusion. In another place in Srimad-Bhagavatam, where the intelligence, senses, and other aspects of the material body are discussed, it is said that the intelligence, senses, and other parts of the material body are all manifested from the potency of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, for they have Him as their ultimate basis and their creator, and because they are, in one sense, not different from Him. This is described in the following words (Srimad-Bhagavatam 12.4.23):

Text 6

“It is the Absolute Truth alone who manifests in the forms of intelligence, the senses, and the objects of sense perception, and who is their ultimate basis. Whatever has a beginning and an end is insubstantial because of being an object perceived by limited senses and because of being non-different from its own cause.”***

Text 7

Here the words “jnanam bhati” means “the Supreme Personality of Godhead manifests as the internal and external senses”. This means that the Supreme Lord is, in one sense, not different from them. Here the word “tad- acrayam” means that the Supreme Lord is the shelter in which they rest. The use of the neuter gender in this word is the poetic license of the sages.

Text 8

As a king and a servant are very different, so the Lord is very different from these, His creations. Here the word drcyatva” means “He who manifests”, and avyatirekah” means simultaneously one and different”.

Text 9

This described in the following words of Sri Visnu Purana (1.22.55):

“Just as the illumination of a fire, which is situated in one place, is spread all over, the energies of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the Parabrahman, are spread all over this universe.”*

In this way it is seen that the intelligence, senses, and other ingredients of the material body are all manifested from the potency of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. That is the meaning.

Text 10

Here the words “ady-anta-vad avastu” indicate that the material world is not an illusion, like the illusion of silver that glitters on a seashell. The example of the seashell is not appropriate, for the seashell is not the shelter or manifestor of the world, nor is it, in one sense, non-different from the world. Therefore this example cannot be used to dessribe the Supreme Personality of Godhead and the material world. In this way the theory of they who assert that the material world is unreal is refuted.

Paramātma · Sanskrit §69 · English §73

Source

[६९] तत्र येषां मनः परमात्मनि नास्ति, ते परमात्मात्मके जगत्य् असद् अंशम् एव गृह्णन्ति, ये तु परमात्म-विदस् ते सद्-अंशम् एव गृह्णन्तीत्य् आहुर् भागवताः । सद् इव मनस् तिर्वृत् त्वयि विभात्य् असदाम् अनुजात् सद् अभिमृशन्त्य् अशेषम् इदम् आत्मतयात्मविदः । न हि विकृतिं त्यजन्ति कनकस्य तद्-आत्मतया स्वकृतम् अनुप्रविष्टम् इदम् आत्मतयावसितम् ॥ [भ्प् १०.८७.२६] त्वय्य् असद् अवर्तमानं यन् मनस् तत् खलु त्रिवृत् त्रि-गुण-कार्ये जगति वर्तमानं सत् त्वयि सद् इव वर्तमानम् इव विभाति । दर्वीसूपरस- न्यायेन स्वावगाढे जगति सतोऽपि परमात्मनो ग्रहणाभावात् । न तु वर्तमानम् एव विभातीत्य् अर्थः । अतएवासद्-अंशस्य त्रिगुण-मायामयत्वं मनोमयत्वं चोक्तम् - यद् इदं मनसा वाचा चक्षुर्भ्यां श्रवणादिभिः । नश्वरं गृह्यमाणं च विद्धि माया-मनोमयम् ॥ इति । [भ्प् ११.७.७] ये त्व् आत्म-विदस् त्वद्-धेतोर् अअस्ते आमनुजात् सोपाधिक-जीवस्वरूपम् अभिव्याप्य इदम् अशेषं जगद् एव आत्मतया त्वद्-रूपतया सद् अभिमृशन्ति तेषां सद्-अंश एव दृष्टिर् नान्यत्रेत्य् अर्थः । तत्र दृष्टान्तः न हि विकृतम् इति । तेषां कनक-मात्रं मृगयमानानां कनक-वणिजां हि कनक-विकारे सुन्दर-कुरूपाकारतायां दृष्टिर् नास्ति । शुद्ध-कनक-मात्र-गृआहित्वात् तथात्म-विदाम् अपीति भावः । दार्ष्टान्तिकेऽपि तद्-आत्मत्वे हेतु-त्रयम् आहुः इदं जगत् स्वेन सच्-छक्ति- विशिष्टेन उपादान-रूपेण त्वया कृतं पश्चात् सिद्धेऽपि कार्ये कारणांश- व्यभिचारितयान्तर्यामितया च स्वेन त्वया प्रविष्टं पुनः प्रलयेऽप्य् आत्मतया सच्-छक्ति-विशिष्ट-सद्-रूपतयैवावसितं चेति । एवं दृष्टान्तेऽपि विवेचनीयम् । तद् एतत् सर्वम् अभिप्रेत्योक्तं वैष्णवे - ज्ञान-स्वरूपम् अखिलं जगद् एतद् अबुद्धयः । अर्थ-स्वरूपं पश्यन्तो भ्राम्यन्ते मोह-सम्प्लवे ॥ ये तु ज्ञान-विदः शुद्ध- चेतसस् तेऽखिलं जगत् । ज्ञानात्मकं प्रपश्यन्ति त्वद्-रूपं परमेश्वर ॥ इति ॥ [विप् १.४.४०-४१] ॥१०.८७॥ श्रुतयः ॥६९॥

[69] tatra yeṣāṃ manaḥ paramātmani nāsti, te paramātmātmake jagaty asad aṃśam eva gṛhṇanti, ye tu paramātma-vidas te sad-aṃśam eva gṛhṇantīty āhur bhāgavatāḥ | sad iva manas tirvṛt tvayi vibhāty asadām anujāt sad abhimṛśanty aśeṣam idam ātmatayātmavidaḥ | na hi vikṛtiṃ tyajanti kanakasya tad-ātmatayā svakṛtam anupraviṣṭam idam ātmatayāvasitam || [BhP 10.87.26] tvayy asad avartamānaṃ yan manas tat khalu trivṛt tri-guṇa-kārye jagati vartamānaṃ sat tvayi sad iva vartamānam iva vibhāti | darvīsūparasa- nyāyena svāvagāḍhe jagati sato'pi paramātmano grahaṇābhāvāt | na tu vartamānam eva vibhātīty arthaḥ | ataevāsad-aṃśasya triguṇa-māyāmayatvaṃ manomayatvaṃ coktam - yad idaṃ manasā vācā cakṣurbhyāṃ śravaṇādibhiḥ | naśvaraṃ gṛhyamāṇaṃ ca viddhi māyā-manomayam || iti | [BhP 11.7.7] ye tv ātma-vidas tvad-dhetor aaste āmanujāt sopādhika-jīvasvarūpam abhivyāpya idam aśeṣaṃ jagad eva ātmatayā tvad-rūpatayā sad abhimṛśanti teṣāṃ sad-aṃśa eva dṛṣṭir nānyatrety arthaḥ | tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ na hi vikṛtam iti | teṣāṃ kanaka-mātraṃ mṛgayamānānāṃ kanaka-vaṇijāṃ hi kanaka-vikāre sundara-kurūpākāratāyāṃ dṛṣṭir nāsti | śuddha-kanaka-mātra-gṛāhitvāt tathātma-vidām apīti bhāvaḥ | dārṣṭāntike'pi tad-ātmatve hetu-trayam āhuḥ idaṃ jagat svena sac-chakti- viśiṣṭena upādāna-rūpeṇa tvayā kṛtaṃ paścāt siddhe'pi kārye kāraṇāṃśa- vyabhicāritayāntaryāmitayā ca svena tvayā praviṣṭaṃ punaḥ pralaye'py ātmatayā sac-chakti-viśiṣṭa-sad-rūpatayaivāvasitaṃ ceti | evaṃ dṛṣṭānte'pi vivecanīyam | tad etat sarvam abhipretyoktaṃ vaiṣṇave - jñāna-svarūpam akhilaṃ jagad etad abuddhayaḥ | artha-svarūpaṃ paśyanto bhrāmyante moha-samplave || ye tu jñāna-vidaḥ śuddha- cetasas te'khilaṃ jagat | jñānātmakaṃ prapaśyanti tvad-rūpaṃ parameśvara || iti || [ViP 1.4.40-41] ||10.87|| śrutayaḥ ||69||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 73

Anuccheda 73

Text 1

That the Supreme Lord, who is the shelter of all, is in one sense not different from all of existence, which takes shelter of Him, is clearly explained by the following example given by Srimad-Bhagavatam (12.4.24):

Text 2

“A lamp, the eye that views by the light of that lamp, and the visible form that is viewed are all basically non- different from the element fire. In the same way, intelligence, the senses, and sense perceptions have no existence separate from the supreme reality, although that Absolute Truth remains totally distinct from them.”***

Text 3

Here the words “na prthak” mean “A lamp, the eye that views by the light of that lamp, and the visible form that is viewed are all basically non-different from the element fire.” “Na prthak” also means “In the same way, intelligence, the senses, and sense perceptions have no existence separate from the supreme reality.” Still, the Supreme Lord is not touched by any of the defects present in the lamp, the intelligence, or any other like thing. That is why this verse declares that the Supreme Lord is also different from His creation (anyatamat).

Paramātma · Sanskrit §70 · English §74

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[७०] तद् एवं परिणामादिकं साधितम् । विवर्तश् च परिहृतः । ततो विवर्त- वादिनाम् इव रज्जु-सर्पवन् न मिथ्यात्वं किन्तु घटवन् नश्वरत्वम् एव तस्य । ततो मिथ्यात्वाभावेऽपि त्रिकाल-व्यभिचारभावाज् जगतो न सत्त्वम् । विवर्त-परिणामासिद्धत्वेन तद्-दोष-द्वयाभाववत्य् एव हि वस्तूनि सत्त्वं विधीयते । यथा परमात्मनि तच्-छक्तौ वा । सद् एव सौम्येदम् अग्र आसीद् इत्य् आदौ इदं-शब्दोक्तं जगत् । सूक्ष्मावस्था-लक्षण-तच्-छक्ति-ब्रह्मणोर् मिथस् तादात्म्यापन्नयोः सच्-छब्द-वचनात् । अतः सत्-कार्य-वादश् च सूक्ष्मावस्थाम् अवलम्ब्यैव प्रवर्तते । तद् एवं स्थितेऽपि पुनर् आशङ्कते । ननु सद्-उपादानं जगत् कथं तद्वन् नश्वरताम् अपि भजन् न खलु सत् स्यात् । यदि च नश्वरं स्यात् तर्हि कथं शुक्ति-रजतवत् व्यभिचारित्वेन केवल-विवर्तान्तः पाति न स्यात् । तद् एतत् प्रश्नम् उट्टङ्क्य परिहरन्ति ॥ सत इदम् उत्थितं सद् इति चेन् ननु तर्क-हतं व्यभिचरति क्व च क्व च मृषा न तथोभय-युक् । व्यवहृतये विकल्प इषितोऽन्ध-परम्परया भ्रमयति भारती त उरुवृत्तिभिर् उक्थ-जडान् ॥ [भ्प् १०.८७.३६] इदं विश्वं धर्मि सद् इति साध्यो धर्मः सत उत्पन्नत्वात् यद् यत उत्पन्नं तत् खलु तद्-आत्मकम् एव दृष्टं । यथा कनकाद् उत्पन्नं कुण्डलादिकं तद्-आत्मकं तद्वत् । तत्रोत्थितम् एव न तु शुक्तौ रजतम् इव । तत्रारोपितम् इति सिद्धान्तिनः स्वमतम् अनूदितं नैवेत्य् आहुः । ननु तर्क-हतम् इति । अपादान-निर्देशेन भेद-प्रतीतेर् विरुद्ध-हेतुत्वात् । ननु नामेदं साधयामः । किन्तु तत उत्पन्नत्वेन कुण्डलादिवद् भेदम् अनूद्य प्रतिषेधामः । तत्राभेद एव स्याद् इत्य् आशङ्क्यानैकान्तिकत्वेन हेतुं दूषयति । व्यभिचरति क्व चेति । क्व च कुत्रापि कारण-धर्मानुगतिर् व्यभिचरति । कार्य-कारण-धर्मस्य सवांशेनानुगतं भवतीति नियमो न विद्यत इत्य् अर्थः । दहनाद्य्-उद्भवए प्रभादौ दाहकत्वादि- धर्मादर्शनाद् इति भावः । द्वे रूपे ब्रह्मणस् तस्य मूर्तं चामूर्तम् एव च । क्षराक्षर-स्वरूपे ते सर्व-भूतेष्व् अवस्थिते ॥ अक्षरं तत्-परं ब्रह्म क्षरं सर्वम् इदं जगद् । इत्य् [विप् १.२२.५५] आद्य्- अनन्तरम् । एक-देश-स्थितस्याग्नेर् ज्योत्स्ना विस्तारिणी यथा । परस्य ब्रह्मणः शक्तिस् तथेदम् अखिलं जगत् ॥ इत्य् [विप् १.२२.५६] एतद् । एवं व्याख्यातं श्री-स्वामिभिर् एव श्री-विष्णु-पुराणे - नन्व् अक्षरस्य पर- ब्रह्मणस् तद्-विलक्षणं क्षर-रूपं कथं स्याद् इत्य् आशङ्क्य दृष्टान्तेनोपपादयति एकदेशेति । प्रादेशिकस्याग्नेर् दीपादेर् दाहकस्यापि तद्-विलक्षणा ज्योत्स्ना प्रभा यथा तत्-प्रकाश-विस्तारस् तथा ब्रह्मणः शक्ति-कृत-विस्तार इदम् अखिलं जगद् इति । प्रकृतम् अनुसरामः । ननु तर्हि व्यभिचारित्वे शुक्ति-रजतवद् एवास्तु । तत्राहुः क्व च मृषेति । क्व च शुक्तादाव् एव प्रातीतिक-मात्र-सत्ताकं रजतादिकं मृषा । अन्यत्र यत्र उभयं प्रतीतिम् अर्थ-क्रिया-कारित्वं च युनक्ति भजते तत्र न तथा मृषेति । ननु कूटताम्रिकादिष्व् अर्थक्रिया-कारितापि दृश्येते इत्य् आशङ्क्याहुः व्यवृतय इति । क्रय-विक्रयादि-लक्षण-व्यवहारायैव विकल्पो भ्रम इष्टः । न तु तत्-तत्-प्रसिद्ध-सम्यग्-अर्थ-क्रिया-कारितायै । तद्-दानादौ यथावत् पुण्य-फलादिकं क्रीत्वा शुण्ठी-ज्ञानेन भक्षितम् अपि नारोग्य-जनकं प्रतुय्त मारकम् एव इति । तस्मात् तत्-तत्-प्रसिद्ध-सम्यग्-अर्थ-क्रिया- कारितयैव सत्यत्वम् अङ्गी-क्रियते । एकाङ्गेन सा कूट-सर्पादौ भयादि- रूपा त्वस्त्य् एवेति न तद्-धेतुः । किं चान्ध-परम्परयेति । स च क्रय-विक्रयादि-लक्षण-व्यवहारोऽपि न तु यथार्थ-ताम्रिकस्येव तद्- व्यवहार-कुशलेष्व् अपि किन्त्व् अन्ध-परम्परयैव । अतस् तत्र तदीय- कुशलेष्व् असिद्धत्वेन व्यवहारस्याभ्यास-मात्रत्वात् तस्माद् अन्यथा नानुमेयम् । धूमाभासे हि वह्नि-व्यभिचारस्यौचित्यम् एवेति भावः । तद् एवम् अर्थ-क्रिया-कारित्वेनास्त्य् एवेतरस्य भ्रम-वस्तु-वैलक्ष्यात् सत्यत्वम् इति विवर्तवादिनि निरस्ते पुनर् अनश्वर-वादी प्रत्युत्तिष्ठते । नन्व् अपाम सोमम् अमृता अभूम अक्षय्यं ह वै चातुर्मास-याजिनः सुकृतं भवतीति [अथर्व-शिर उपनिषद् ३] श्रुत्यैव कर्म-फलस्य नित्यत्व-प्रतिपादनान् नश्वरत्वं न घटते इत्य् आशङ्क्याहुः भ्रमयतीति । हे भगवन् ते तव भारती उरु-वृत्तिभिः वह्नीभिर् गौण-लक्षणादिभिर् वृत्तिभिः उक्थ-जडान् उक्थानि यज्ञे शस्यन्ते तत्र जडाः कर्म-श्रद्धा- भराक्रान्त-मन्द-मतय इत्य् अर्थः तान् भ्रमयति । अयं भावः न हि वेदः कर्म-फल:अ नित्यम् अभिप्रैति । किन्तु लक्षणया प्राशस्त्य-मात्रम् । अन्येषां वाक्यानां विध्य्-एक-वक्यत्वेन विधाव् एव तात्पर्यात् । अन्यथा वाक्य-भेद-प्रसङ्गः तद् यथेह कर्म-जितो लोकः क्षीयते एवम् एवामुत्र पुण्य-जितो लोकः क्षीयत [छाउ ८.१.६] इति न्यायोपार्त हि श्रुत्य्-अन्तर-विरोधश् च । अतः कर्म-जडानाम् इदं भ्रम-मात्रं जगत् तु सत्यम् अपि परिणाम- धर्मत्वेन नश्वरम् एवेति । तद् उक्तं भट्टेनैव अथवेतिहास-पुराण- प्रामाण्यात् सृष्टि-प्रलयाव् अपीष्येते इति । अथवा नाभेदं साधयाम इत्य् आदिकम् आशङ्क्य प्रसिद्धस्य सत्ता-त्रयस्य मिथो वैलक्षण्यात् परिहरति । क्व च घटादौ अर्थ-क्रिया-कारिण्य् अपि व्यभिचरति सत्तेति शेषः । वस्त्व्-अन्तरस्यार्थ-क्रियाकारितायाम् असाम्र्थ्यात् देशान्तरे स्वयम् ऐद्यमानत्वात् कालान्तरे तिरोभावित्वाच् च । क्व च शुक्ति- रजतादौ तत्रापि तदानीम् अपि मृषा अर्थ-क्रिया-कारित्वाभावात् । या तूभय- युक् उभयत्र घटादि-सत्तायां शुक्ति-रजतादि-सत्तायां च युग् योगो यस्याः । यया सा सत्ता लब्ध-पदा भवतीत्य् अर्थः । सा परम-कारण-सत्ता न तथा किन्तु सर्वत्रापि सर्वदापि तत्-तद्-उपाध्य्-अनुरूप-सर्वार्थ-क्रियाद्य्- अधिष्ठान-रूपेत्य् अर्थः । तस्माद् अर्थ-क्रिया-कारित्वेन सत्यम् अपि परिणतत्वेन घटवन् नश्वरम् एव जगत् न प्रतीत-मात्र-सत्ताकं न चानश्वर-सत्ताकम् इति परस्पर-वैलक्षण्य-दर्शनात् कथम् एकम् अन्यद् भवितुम् अर्हतीति भावः । कूट-ताम्रिकत्वम् आशङ्क्याहुः व्यवहृतय इति । विकल्प्यते अन्यत्रारोप्यते इति विकल्पः स्वतः-सिद्धस् ताम्रिकादिर् अर्थः स एव व्यवहृतये इषितः । अयम् अर्थः । अत्र कूट-ताम्रिकेण यं व्यवहारं मन्यसे सोऽपि न तेन सिध्यति । किं तर्हि सत्य-ताम्रिकेणैव । अर्थान्तरं व्यवहर्तुर् हृदि तस्यैव प्रत्यक्षत्वात् । कूट-ताम्रिकम् अत्रोपलक्षणम् एव क्वचित् तं विनापि तव गृहे ताम्रिको दत्त इति पश्चाद् दातव्य इति वा छल-प्रयोगे स्मर्यमाणेनापि तेन तथा व्यवहार-सिद्धेः । तस्माद् व्यवहार-रूपाप्य् अर्थ-क्रिया-कारिता तस्यैव भवतीति स सत्य एव । अन्यथा सत्यस्य ताम्रिकस्याभावे शतम् अप्य् अन्धानां न पश्यतीति न्यायेन कूट-ताम्रिक-परम्परयापि व्यवहारोऽपि न सिध्येद् इत्य् आहुः । अन्ध-परम्परयेति । अन्ध-परम्परा दोषात् स एव व्यवहृतय इषित इत्य् अन्वयः । यथान्ध-परम्परया व्यवहारो न सिध्येत् तथा कूट-ताम्रिक-परम्परयापीत्य् अर्थः । इत्थम् एव विज्ञान-वादोऽपि निराकृतः । शङ्कर-शारीरिकेऽपि अनादित्वेऽप्य् अन्ध-परम्परा- न्यायेनाप्रतिष्ठैवानवस्था व्यवहार-विलोपिनी स्यात् । नाभिप्राय-सिद्धिर् इत्य् उक्तम् । एतद् उक्तं भवति - यथेदं सुवर्णं केन क्रीतम् इति प्रश्ने कश्चिद् आह अनेनान्धेनेति । अनेन कथं परिचितम् इति पुनर् आह तेनान्धेन परिचायितम् । तेन च कथ्म् इत्य् आह केनाप्य् अपरेणान्धेनेत्य् अन्धपरम्परयापि न सिधेद् व्यवहारः । किन्तु तत्रान्ध-परम्परायाय्ं यद्य् एकोऽपि चक्ष्ष्मान् सर्वादि-प्रवर्तको भवति तदैव सिध्यति । यथा च तत्र सर्वेष्व् अपि चक्षुष्मत एव व्यवहार-साधकत्वं । तथा कस्मिंश्चित् ताम्रिके प्रथमं सत्ये सत्य् एव व्यवहारः सिध्यति । तत्र च सत्यसैव व्यवहार-साधकत्वं । तद् अनुसन्धानेनैव तत्र प्रवृत्तेश् चक्षुष्मत इव प्रवर्तकत्वात् ततश् च न ताम्रिक सत्य इति स्थिते, यत्र तद्-व्यवहार-कुशलः परीक्षया सत्यतावगम्यते स एव कूट-ताम्रिकेऽप्य् आरोप्यमाणः सत्यो भवेत् । तद् एवम् अर्थ-क्रिया-कारित्वेन तस्य सत्यत्वे तद्-उपलक्षितं विश्वम् एव भ्रम-वस्तु-विलक्षणं सत्यम् इति सिद्धम् । परमात्मन एवावयवित्व- व्यवहार-साधितत्वाद् युक्तम् एव तत् । तथा च भ्रमादिभिः स्तुतम् - सत्यस्य योनिम् [भ्प् १०.२.२६] इति । तत् सत्यम् इत्य् आचक्षत इति श्रुतिश् च । शिष्टम् अन्यत् समानम् ।

[70] tad evaṃ pariṇāmādikaṃ sādhitam | vivartaś ca parihṛtaḥ | tato vivarta- vādinām iva rajju-sarpavan na mithyātvaṃ kintu ghaṭavan naśvaratvam eva tasya | tato mithyātvābhāve'pi trikāla-vyabhicārabhāvāj jagato na sattvam | vivarta-pariṇāmāsiddhatvena tad-doṣa-dvayābhāvavaty eva hi vastūni sattvaṃ vidhīyate | yathā paramātmani tac-chaktau vā | sad eva saumyedam agra āsīd ity ādau idaṃ-śabdoktaṃ jagat | sūkṣmāvasthā-lakṣaṇa-tac-chakti-brahmaṇor mithas tādātmyāpannayoḥ sac-chabda-vacanāt | ataḥ sat-kārya-vādaś ca sūkṣmāvasthām avalambyaiva pravartate | tad evaṃ sthite'pi punar āśaṅkate | nanu sad-upādānaṃ jagat kathaṃ tadvan naśvaratām api bhajan na khalu sat syāt | yadi ca naśvaraṃ syāt tarhi kathaṃ śukti-rajatavat vyabhicāritvena kevala-vivartāntaḥ pāti na syāt | tad etat praśnam uṭṭaṅkya pariharanti || sata idam utthitaṃ sad iti cen nanu tarka-hataṃ vyabhicarati kva ca kva ca mṛṣā na tathobhaya-yuk | vyavahṛtaye vikalpa iṣito'ndha-paramparayā bhramayati bhāratī ta uruvṛttibhir uktha-jaḍān || [BhP 10.87.36] idaṃ viśvaṃ dharmi sad iti sādhyo dharmaḥ sata utpannatvāt yad yata utpannaṃ tat khalu tad-ātmakam eva dṛṣṭaṃ | yathā kanakād utpannaṃ kuṇḍalādikaṃ tad-ātmakaṃ tadvat | tatrotthitam eva na tu śuktau rajatam iva | tatrāropitam iti siddhāntinaḥ svamatam anūditaṃ naivety āhuḥ | nanu tarka-hatam iti | apādāna-nirdeśena bheda-pratīter viruddha-hetutvāt | nanu nāmedaṃ sādhayāmaḥ | kintu tata utpannatvena kuṇḍalādivad bhedam anūdya pratiṣedhāmaḥ | tatrābheda eva syād ity āśaṅkyānaikāntikatvena hetuṃ dūṣayati | vyabhicarati kva ceti | kva ca kutrāpi kāraṇa-dharmānugatir vyabhicarati | kārya-kāraṇa-dharmasya savāṃśenānugataṃ bhavatīti niyamo na vidyata ity arthaḥ | dahanādy-udbhavae prabhādau dāhakatvādi- dharmādarśanād iti bhāvaḥ | dve rūpe brahmaṇas tasya mūrtaṃ cāmūrtam eva ca | kṣarākṣara-svarūpe te sarva-bhūteṣv avasthite || akṣaraṃ tat-paraṃ brahma kṣaraṃ sarvam idaṃ jagad | ity [ViP 1.22.55] ādy- anantaram | eka-deśa-sthitasyāgner jyotsnā vistāriṇī yathā | parasya brahmaṇaḥ śaktis tathedam akhilaṃ jagat || ity [ViP 1.22.56] etad | evaṃ vyākhyātaṃ śrī-svāmibhir eva śrī-viṣṇu-purāṇe - nanv akṣarasya para- brahmaṇas tad-vilakṣaṇaṃ kṣara-rūpaṃ kathaṃ syād ity āśaṅkya dṛṣṭāntenopapādayati ekadeśeti | prādeśikasyāgner dīpāder dāhakasyāpi tad-vilakṣaṇā jyotsnā prabhā yathā tat-prakāśa-vistāras tathā brahmaṇaḥ śakti-kṛta-vistāra idam akhilaṃ jagad iti | prakṛtam anusarāmaḥ | nanu tarhi vyabhicāritve śukti-rajatavad evāstu | tatrāhuḥ kva ca mṛṣeti | kva ca śuktādāv eva prātītika-mātra-sattākaṃ rajatādikaṃ mṛṣā | anyatra yatra ubhayaṃ pratītim artha-kriyā-kāritvaṃ ca yunakti bhajate tatra na tathā mṛṣeti | nanu kūṭatāmrikādiṣv arthakriyā-kāritāpi dṛśyete ity āśaṅkyāhuḥ vyavṛtaya iti | kraya-vikrayādi-lakṣaṇa-vyavahārāyaiva vikalpo bhrama iṣṭaḥ | na tu tat-tat-prasiddha-samyag-artha-kriyā-kāritāyai | tad-dānādau yathāvat puṇya-phalādikaṃ krītvā śuṇṭhī-jñānena bhakṣitam api nārogya-janakaṃ pratuyta mārakam eva iti | tasmāt tat-tat-prasiddha-samyag-artha-kriyā- kāritayaiva satyatvam aṅgī-kriyate | ekāṅgena sā kūṭa-sarpādau bhayādi- rūpā tvasty eveti na tad-dhetuḥ | kiṃ cāndha-paramparayeti | sa ca kraya-vikrayādi-lakṣaṇa-vyavahāro'pi na tu yathārtha-tāmrikasyeva tad- vyavahāra-kuśaleṣv api kintv andha-paramparayaiva | atas tatra tadīya- kuśaleṣv asiddhatvena vyavahārasyābhyāsa-mātratvāt tasmād anyathā nānumeyam | dhūmābhāse hi vahni-vyabhicārasyaucityam eveti bhāvaḥ | tad evam artha-kriyā-kāritvenāsty evetarasya bhrama-vastu-vailakṣyāt satyatvam iti vivartavādini niraste punar anaśvara-vādī pratyuttiṣṭhate | nanv apāma somam amṛtā abhūma akṣayyaṃ ha vai cāturmāsa-yājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavatīti [Atharva-śira Upaniṣad 3] śrutyaiva karma-phalasya nityatva-pratipādanān naśvaratvaṃ na ghaṭate ity āśaṅkyāhuḥ bhramayatīti | he bhagavan te tava bhāratī uru-vṛttibhiḥ vahnībhir gauṇa-lakṣaṇādibhir vṛttibhiḥ uktha-jaḍān ukthāni yajñe śasyante tatra jaḍāḥ karma-śraddhā- bharākrānta-manda-mataya ity arthaḥ tān bhramayati | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ na hi vedaḥ karma-phala:a nityam abhipraiti | kintu lakṣaṇayā prāśastya-mātram | anyeṣāṃ vākyānāṃ vidhy-eka-vakyatvena vidhāv eva tātparyāt | anyathā vākya-bheda-prasaṅgaḥ tad yatheha karma-jito lokaḥ kṣīyate evam evāmutra puṇya-jito lokaḥ kṣīyata [ChāU 8.1.6] iti nyāyopārta hi śruty-antara-virodhaś ca | ataḥ karma-jaḍānām idaṃ bhrama-mātraṃ jagat tu satyam api pariṇāma- dharmatvena naśvaram eveti | tad uktaṃ bhaṭṭenaiva athavetihāsa-purāṇa- prāmāṇyāt sṛṣṭi-pralayāv apīṣyete iti | athavā nābhedaṃ sādhayāma ity ādikam āśaṅkya prasiddhasya sattā-trayasya mitho vailakṣaṇyāt pariharati | kva ca ghaṭādau artha-kriyā-kāriṇy api vyabhicarati satteti śeṣaḥ | vastv-antarasyārtha-kriyākāritāyām asāmrthyāt deśāntare svayam aidyamānatvāt kālāntare tirobhāvitvāc ca | kva ca śukti- rajatādau tatrāpi tadānīm api mṛṣā artha-kriyā-kāritvābhāvāt | yā tūbhaya- yuk ubhayatra ghaṭādi-sattāyāṃ śukti-rajatādi-sattāyāṃ ca yug yogo yasyāḥ | yayā sā sattā labdha-padā bhavatīty arthaḥ | sā parama-kāraṇa-sattā na tathā kintu sarvatrāpi sarvadāpi tat-tad-upādhy-anurūpa-sarvārtha-kriyādy- adhiṣṭhāna-rūpety arthaḥ | tasmād artha-kriyā-kāritvena satyam api pariṇatatvena ghaṭavan naśvaram eva jagat na pratīta-mātra-sattākaṃ na cānaśvara-sattākam iti paraspara-vailakṣaṇya-darśanāt katham ekam anyad bhavitum arhatīti bhāvaḥ | kūṭa-tāmrikatvam āśaṅkyāhuḥ vyavahṛtaya iti | vikalpyate anyatrāropyate iti vikalpaḥ svataḥ-siddhas tāmrikādir arthaḥ sa eva vyavahṛtaye iṣitaḥ | ayam arthaḥ | atra kūṭa-tāmrikeṇa yaṃ vyavahāraṃ manyase so'pi na tena sidhyati | kiṃ tarhi satya-tāmrikeṇaiva | arthāntaraṃ vyavahartur hṛdi tasyaiva pratyakṣatvāt | kūṭa-tāmrikam atropalakṣaṇam eva kvacit taṃ vināpi tava gṛhe tāmriko datta iti paścād dātavya iti vā chala-prayoge smaryamāṇenāpi tena tathā vyavahāra-siddheḥ | tasmād vyavahāra-rūpāpy artha-kriyā-kāritā tasyaiva bhavatīti sa satya eva | anyathā satyasya tāmrikasyābhāve śatam apy andhānāṃ na paśyatīti nyāyena kūṭa-tāmrika-paramparayāpi vyavahāro'pi na sidhyed ity āhuḥ | andha-paramparayeti | andha-paramparā doṣāt sa eva vyavahṛtaya iṣita ity anvayaḥ | yathāndha-paramparayā vyavahāro na sidhyet tathā kūṭa-tāmrika-paramparayāpīty arthaḥ | ittham eva vijñāna-vādo'pi nirākṛtaḥ | śaṅkara-śārīrike'pi anāditve'py andha-paramparā- nyāyenāpratiṣṭhaivānavasthā vyavahāra-vilopinī syāt | nābhiprāya-siddhir ity uktam | etad uktaṃ bhavati - yathedaṃ suvarṇaṃ kena krītam iti praśne kaścid āha anenāndheneti | anena kathaṃ paricitam iti punar āha tenāndhena paricāyitam | tena ca kathm ity āha kenāpy apareṇāndhenety andhaparamparayāpi na sidhed vyavahāraḥ | kintu tatrāndha-paramparāyāyṃ yady eko'pi cakṣṣmān sarvādi-pravartako bhavati tadaiva sidhyati | yathā ca tatra sarveṣv api cakṣuṣmata eva vyavahāra-sādhakatvaṃ | tathā kasmiṃścit tāmrike prathamaṃ satye saty eva vyavahāraḥ sidhyati | tatra ca satyasaiva vyavahāra-sādhakatvaṃ | tad anusandhānenaiva tatra pravṛtteś cakṣuṣmata iva pravartakatvāt tataś ca na tāmrika satya iti sthite, yatra tad-vyavahāra-kuśalaḥ parīkṣayā satyatāvagamyate sa eva kūṭa-tāmrike'py āropyamāṇaḥ satyo bhavet | tad evam artha-kriyā-kāritvena tasya satyatve tad-upalakṣitaṃ viśvam eva bhrama-vastu-vilakṣaṇaṃ satyam iti siddham | paramātmana evāvayavitva- vyavahāra-sādhitatvād yuktam eva tat | tathā ca bhramādibhiḥ stutam - satyasya yonim [BhP 10.2.26] iti | tat satyam ity ācakṣata iti śrutiś ca | śiṣṭam anyat samānam |

English translation

English witness · section(s) 74

Anuccheda 74

Text 1

Although it has been said that the intelligence and other ingredients of the material body are all manifested from the Supreme Lord’s own potency, still these ingredients of the material body are the Lord’s external potency, which is different from the Lord’s internal potency and from the marginal potency, which is the individual spirit souls. The external potency is impure and full of faults. That is why the pure spirit soul leaves its home in the material body. The material body is described in these words of Srimad-Bhagavatam (12.4.25):

Text 2

“The three states of intelligence are called waking consciousness, dream, and dreamless sleep. O king, these various states are all manifested from the Lord’s maya potency.”

Text 3

Here the words “jagaranam svapnah susuptir iti idam” dessribe the activities of the intelligence, pratyag-atmani” means “in the pure spirit soul”, nanatvam” means “material consciousness”, and maya-matram” means “made of the maya potency”. That is the meaning.

Paramātma · Sanskrit §71–72 · English §75

Source

[७१] एवं जगतः सत्यत्वम् अङ्गीकृतं तच् च नश्वरम् इति । तत्र नश्वरत्वं नात्यन्तिकं किन्त्व् अव्यक्ततया स्थितेर् अदृश्यता-मात्रम् एव । सत्-कार्यता- सम्प्रत्तिपत्तेः । यद् भूतं भवच् च भविष्यच् चेत्य् आदि श्रुतेः । अतएव शुक्तित्वे रजत्वम् इव तस्याव्यक्त-रूपत्वे जगत्त्वम् असन् न भवति । पटवच् च इति [व्स् २.१.२०] न्यायेन जगद् एव हि सूक्ष्मतापन्नम् अव्यक्तम् इति दृश्यत्वेन भ्रान्ति-रजत-कक्षम् अपि जगत् तद्-विलक्षण-सत्ताकं तथात्मवद् अपरिणतत्वाभावेन नैकावस्थ-सत्ताकम् इत्य् एवम् अर्थ- सिद्धये तद्-अनन्तरम् एवाहुः । न यद् इदम् अग्र आस न भविष्यद् अतो निधनाद् अनुमितम् अन्तरा त्वयि विभाति मृषैक-रस । अत उपमीयते द्रविण-जाति-विकल्प-पथैर् वितथ-मनो-विलास-मृतम् इत्य् अवयस्न्त्य् अबुधाः ॥ [भ्प् १०.८७.३७] यद् यदि इदं विश्वम् अग्रे सृष्टेः पूर्वं नासत् नासीत् तदा न भविष्यन् नाभविष्यद् एव अडागमाभाव आर्षः आकाशे कुसुमम् इवेति । श्रुतयश् आसीद् एवेति वदन्ति सद् एव सौम्येदम् अग्र आसीत् आत्मा वा यद् इदम् अग्र आसीद् इत्य् आद्याः । तद् एवं सूक्ष्मतया त्वत्-तादात्म्येन स्थितं कारणावस्थम् इदं जगत् विस्तृततय कार्यावस्थं भवति । अतो यन्-निधनान् नाश-मात्राद् धेतोः शुक्तौ रजतम् इव त्वयि तद् इदम् अन्तरा सृष्टि-मध्य एव न त्व् अग्रे चान्ते च विभातीत्य् अनुमितं तन् मृषेति प्रमाण-सिद्धं न भवतीत्य् अर्थः । तत्र हेतुम् आहुर् एकरसे इति । अनुभवान्तरा-विषयानन्द-स्वाद इति । यस्मिन्न् अनुभूते सति विषयान्तर-स्फूर्तिर् न सम्भवति तस्मिंस् त्वयि शुक्त्य्-आदि- निकृष्ट-वस्तूनीव विषयारोपः कथं स्याद् इत्य् अर्थः । दधति सकृन् मनस् त्वयि य आत्मनि नित्य-सुखे न पुनर् उपासते पुरुष-सार-हरावस्थान् ॥ इत्य् [भ्प् १०.८७.३५] अस्माकम् एवोक्तेः ॥ अतोऽचिन्त्य-शक्त्या स्वरूपाद् अच्युतस्यैव तव परिणाम-स्वीकारेण द्रविण- जातीनां द्रव्य-मात्राणां मृल्-लोहादीनां विकल्पा भेदा घट- कुण्डलादयस् तेषां पन्थानो मार्गाः प्रकारास् तैर् एवास्माभिर् उपमीयते न तु कुत्रापि भ्रमर-जतादिभिः । यस्माद् एवं तस्माद् वितथा मनो- विलासाः य एतादृशम् एव ऋतं तद्-रूपं ब्रह्म वेदं जगद् इत्य् अबुधा एवावयन्ति मन्यन्ते । तस्य तद्-अधिष्ठानत्वासमभवाद् इति भावः । इत- शब्द-प्रयोगस् त्व् अत्र मिथ्यासम्बन्ध-राहित्य-व्यञ्जनार्थम् व कृत इति ज्ञेयम् । अत्र सत्-कार्यवादिनाम् अयम् अभिप्रायः । मृत्-पिण्डादि-कारकैर् यो घट उत्पद्यते सन्न् असन् वा । आद्ये पिष्ट-पेषणम् । द्वितीये क्रियायाः कारकैश् च तत्-सिद्धिर् इति दिक् । तस्मान् न प्रकटम् एव सन्न चात्यन्तम् असन् किन्त्व् अव्यक्ततया मृत्-पिण्डे एव स्थितोऽसौ यथा कारक-तन्-निष्पन्न-क्रिया-योगेन व्यज्यते । तथा परम-कारणे त्वयि स्थितं विश्वं त्वत्-स्वाभाविक-शक्ति-तन्- निष्पन्न-क्रिया-योगेनेति । अत्र स्व-वेदान्तित्व-प्रख्यापकानाम् अन्यथा- युक्ति-विरुद्धम् एव । मन एव भूत-कार्यम् इति हि तत्र प्रसिद्धं युक्ति- विरुद्धं च । मनोऽहङ्कारादीनां मनः-कल्पितत्वासम्भवात् । तथा हि सति वेद-विरुद्धोऽनीश्वर-वादश् च प्रसज्येत । स च निन्दितः पाद्मे - श्रुतयः स्मृतयश् चैव युक्तयश् चेश्वरं परम् । वदन्ति तद्-विरुद्धं यो वदेत् तस्मान् न चाधमः ॥ इति । असत्यम् अप्रतिष्ठन्ते जगद् आहुर् अनीश्वरम् । अपरस्पर-सम्भूतं किम् अन्यत् काम-हैतुकम् ॥ इति [गीता १६.८] श्री-गीतोपनिषदम् अनीश्वर-वादिन एव व्याचक्षते । असत्यं मिथ्या-भूतं सत्यासत्याभ्याम् अनिर्वचनीयत्वेनाप्रतिष्ठं निर्देश-शून्यं स्थाणौ पुरुषत्ववत् ब्रह्मणीश्वरत्वस्याज्ञान-मात्र-कल्पितत्वाद् ईश्वराभिमानी तत्र कश्चिन् नास्तीत्य् अनीश्वरम् एव जगत् अपरस्पर-सम्भूतम् अनाद्य्- अज्ञान-परम्परा-सम्भूतम् अपरस्पराः क्रिया-सातत्ये अतः काम-हैतुकं मनः सङ्कल्प-मात्र-जातं स्वप्नवद् इत्य् अर्थः । अत्र प्रवृत्तिं चेत्य् आदिना तेषां संस्कार-दोष उक्तः । एतां दृष्टिम् इत्य् [गीता १६.९] आदिना तु गतिश् च निन्दिष्यते इति ज्ञेयम् एभिर् एव ब्रह्मण ऐश्वर्योपादिर् मायापि जीवाज्ञान-कल्पिता तयैव जगत्-सृष्टिर् इति मतम् । यद् उक्तं तदीय-भाष्ये तद्-अनन्यत्वम् इत्य् [व्स् २.१.१५] आदि-सूत्रे - सर्व-ज्ञेश्वरस्यात्मभूते इवाविद्या-कल्पिते नाम-रूपे तत्वातत्त्वाभ्याम् अनिर्वचनीये संसार-प्रपञ्च-बीज-भूते सर्वज्ञेश्वरस्य माया-शक्तिः प्रकृतिर् इति श्रुति-स्मृत्योर् अभिलप्येते इति । किन्त्व् अत्र विद्याविद्ये मम तनू इत्य् [भ्प् ११.११.३] आदि श्री-भगवद्-वाक्येन तु विरुद्धम् इति । अतो मायावादतया चायं वादः ख्यायते । तद् एवं च पाद्मोत्तर-खण्डे देवीं प्रति पाषण्ड-शास्त्रं गणतया श्री- महादेवेनोक्तम् - मायावादम् असच् छास्त्रं प्रच्छन्नं बौद्धम् उच्यते । मयैवं कथितं देवि कलौ ब्राह्मण-रूपिणा ॥ वेदान्ते तु महा-शास्त्रे मायावादम् अवैदिकम् । मयैव वक्ष्यते देवि जगतां नाश-कारणात् ॥ इति । तच् चासुराणां मोहनार्थं भगवत एवाज्ञयेति तत्रैवोक्तम् अस्ति । तया च पाद्म एवान्यत्र शैवे च -- द्वापरादौ युगे भूत्वा कलया मानुषादिषु । स्वागमैः कल्पतैस् त्वं च जनान् मद्-विमुखान् कुरु ॥ इति श्री-भगवद्-वाक्यम् इति दिक् । अतएवोक्तं श्री-नृसिंह-पुराणे यम- वाक्यम् - विषधर-कण-भक्ष-शङ्करोक्तीर् दशबल-पञ्च-शिखाक्ष-पाद-वादान् । महद् अपि सुविचार्य लोक-तन्त्रं भगवद्-उक्तिम् ऋते न सिद्धिर् अस्ति ॥ इति । सर्वेऽत्र वाद-ग्रन्था एव निर्दिष्टा न तु मन्त्र-ग्रन्था इति नामाक्षरम् एव साक्षान् निर्दिष्टम् इति च नान्यथा मननीयम् । अतो यत् क्वचित् तत्-तत्- प्रशंसा वा स्यात् तद् अपि नितान्त-नास्तिक-वादं निर्जित्यांशेनाप्य् आस्तिक्य- वादः ख्यापित इत्य् अपेक्षया ज्ञेयम् । तस्मात् स्वतन्त्र ईश्वर एव सर्व- स्रष्टा न तु जीवः । स्वाज्ञानेन स्व-शक्त्यैवेत्य् आयातम् । तद् उक्तं श्री- बादरायणेनापि बहुत्र संज्ञा-मूर्ति-क् प्तिस् तु त्रिवृत् कुर्वत उपदेशाद् इत्य् [व्स् २.४.२०] आदिषु । अतस् तन्-मनोऽसृजत मनः प्रजापतिम् इत्य् आदौ मनः-शब्देन समष्टि- मनोऽधिष्ठाता श्रीमान् अनिरुद्ध एव । बहु स्यां प्रजायेय इति [छा ६.२.३] तत्-सङ्कल्प एव वा वाच्यः । सत्य-स्वाभाविकाचिन्त्य-शक्तिः परमेश्वरस् तुच्छ-मायिकम् अपि न कुर्यात् चिन्तामणीनाम् अधिपतिः स्वयं चिन्तामणिर् एव वा कूट-कनकादिवत् । तथा च माध्व-भाष्य-प्रमाणिता श्रुतिः - अथैनम् आहुः सत्य-कर्मेति सत्यं ह्य् एवेदं विश्वम् असृजत इति । एवं च -- सत्य-व्रतं सत्य-परं त्रि- सत्यं सत्यस्य योनिं निहितं च सत्ये । सत्यस्य सत्यम् ऋत- सत्य-नेत्रं सत्यात्मकं त्वां शरणं प्रपन्नः ॥ [भ्प् १०.२.२६] इत्य् अत्र सत्य-सङ्कल्पत्वं सत्य-पारायणत्वं सृष्ट्य्-आदि-लीला-त्रयेषु सत्यत्वं सत्यस्य विश्वस्य कारणत्वं सत्य एव विश्वस्मिन्न् अन्तर्यामितया स्थितत्वं सत्यस्य तस्य स्थितता-हेतुत्वं सत्य-वचनस्याव्यभिचारि-दिष्टेश् च प्रवर्तकत्वं सत्य-रूपत्वम् इत्य् एतेषाम् अर्थानाम् आकूतं परिपाटी च सङ्गच्छते । अन्यथा सत्यस्य योनिम् इत्य् आदौ त्रये तत्रापि निहितं च सत्य इत्य् अत्राकस्माद् अर्ध-जरतीय-न्यायेन कष्ट-कल्पनामयार्थान्तरे तु भगवता स्व-प्रतिश्रुतं सत्य-कृतं यत् तत् तद् युक्तम् एवेत्य् अतो ब्रह्मादिभिस् तथा स्तवे स्वारस्य-भङ्गः स्यात् प्रक्रम-भङ्गश् च । तस्मात् सत्यम् एव विश्वम् इति स्थितम् ॥ १०.८७ ॥ श्रुतयः श्री-भगवन्तम् ॥७१॥ [७२] तद् एव न यद् इदम् अग्र आसेत्य् अनेन प्राकृत-लयोऽपि सत्-कार्य- वादेऽनुगमितः । आत्यन्तिके तु मोक्ष-लक्षण-लये न पृथिव्यादीनां नाशः । जीव-कृतेन तथा भावना-मात्रेण स्वाभाविक-परमात्म-शक्ति-मयानां तेषां नाशायुक्तेः । लब्ध-मोक्षेषु श्री-परीक्षितादिषु तद्-देह-स्थानाम् अपि पृथिव्य्-आद्य्-अंशानां स्थितेः श्रवणात् तथा हिरण्यगर्भांशानां बुद्ध्य्- आदीनाम् अपि भविष्यति । अतस् तेष्व् अध्यास-परित्याग एवात्यन्तिक-लय इत्य् उच्यते । अतएव घटे भिन्ने घटाकाश आकाशः स्याद् यथा पुरा । एवं देहे मृते जीवो ब्रह्म सम्पद्यते पुनः ॥ इत्य् अत्र । तथा - एवं समीक्ष्य चात्मानम् आत्मन्य् आधाय निष्कले । दशन्तं तक्षकं पादे लेलिहानं विषानलम् ॥ न द्रक्ष्यसि शरीरं त्वं विश्वं च पृथग्-आत्मनः ॥ [भ्प् १२.५.१२] इत्य् अत्राप्य् उपाधेः संयोग एव पर्तियज्यते न तु तस्य मिथ्यात्वं प्रतिपाद्यते । तथा हि बुद्धीन्द्रियेत्य् आदि-प्रकरणम् । तत्र तद्-आश्रयत्व-तत्- प्रकाश्यत्व-तद्-अव्यतिरिक्तत्वेभ्यो हेतुभ्यो बुद्धीन्द्रियादीनां परमात्म-स्वभाव-शक्तिमयत्वम् आह । बुद्धीन्द्रियार्थ-रूपेण ज्ञानं भाति तद्-आश्रयम् । दृश्यत्वाव्यतिरेकाभ्याम् आद्य्-अन्तवद् अवस्तु यत् ॥ [भ्प् १२.४.२३] अन्तःकरण-बहिः-करण-विषय-रूपेण परमात्म-लक्षणं ज्ञानम् एव भाति तस्माद् अन्यद् एव बुद्ध्य्-आदि-वस्त्व् इत्य् अर्थः । यतस् तद्-आश्रयं तेषाम् आश्रय-रूपं तज् ज्ञानम् । क्लीब्त्वम् आर्षम् । तथापि राज-भृत्ययोर् इवात्यन्त- भेदः स्यात् । तत्र हेत्व्-अन्तरेऽप्य् आह । दृश्यत्वं तत्-प्रकाश्यत्वम् अव्यतिरेकस् तद्-व्यतिरेके व्यतिरेकः ताभ्याम् । तस्मात् एक-देश-स्थितस्याग्नेर् ज्योत्स्ना विस्तारिणी यथा । इत्य् [विप् १.२२.५६] आदिवद् बुद्ध्य्-आदीनां तत्- स्वाभाविक-शक्तिमयत्वम् एव सेत्स्यतीति भावः । यत् खल्व् आद्य्-अन्तवत् शुक्त्य्-आदौ कदाचिद् एवारोपितं रजतं तत् पुनर् अवस्तु तद्-आश्रयकत्व-तत्- प्रकाशकत्व-तद्-अव्यतिरेकाभावात् । शुक्त्य्-आदि-वस्तु न भवति शुक्त्य्- आदिभ्योऽनन्यन् न भवतीत्य् अर्थः । ततश् चैक-विज्ञानेन सर्व-विज्ञान- प्रतिज्ञा विरुद्धेतेति भावः ॥७२॥

[71] evaṃ jagataḥ satyatvam aṅgīkṛtaṃ tac ca naśvaram iti | tatra naśvaratvaṃ nātyantikaṃ kintv avyaktatayā sthiter adṛśyatā-mātram eva | sat-kāryatā- samprattipatteḥ | yad bhūtaṃ bhavac ca bhaviṣyac cety ādi śruteḥ | ataeva śuktitve rajatvam iva tasyāvyakta-rūpatve jagattvam asan na bhavati | paṭavac ca iti [Vs 2.1.20] nyāyena jagad eva hi sūkṣmatāpannam avyaktam iti dṛśyatvena bhrānti-rajata-kakṣam api jagat tad-vilakṣaṇa-sattākaṃ tathātmavad apariṇatatvābhāvena naikāvastha-sattākam ity evam artha- siddhaye tad-anantaram evāhuḥ | na yad idam agra āsa na bhaviṣyad ato nidhanād anumitam antarā tvayi vibhāti mṛṣaika-rasa | ata upamīyate draviṇa-jāti-vikalpa-pathair vitatha-mano-vilāsa-mṛtam ity avayasnty abudhāḥ || [BhP 10.87.37] yad yadi idaṃ viśvam agre sṛṣṭeḥ pūrvaṃ nāsat nāsīt tadā na bhaviṣyan nābhaviṣyad eva aḍāgamābhāva ārṣaḥ ākāśe kusumam iveti | śrutayaś āsīd eveti vadanti sad eva saumyedam agra āsīt ātmā vā yad idam agra āsīd ity ādyāḥ | tad evaṃ sūkṣmatayā tvat-tādātmyena sthitaṃ kāraṇāvastham idaṃ jagat vistṛtataya kāryāvasthaṃ bhavati | ato yan-nidhanān nāśa-mātrād dhetoḥ śuktau rajatam iva tvayi tad idam antarā sṛṣṭi-madhya eva na tv agre cānte ca vibhātīty anumitaṃ tan mṛṣeti pramāṇa-siddhaṃ na bhavatīty arthaḥ | tatra hetum āhur ekarase iti | anubhavāntarā-viṣayānanda-svāda iti | yasminn anubhūte sati viṣayāntara-sphūrtir na sambhavati tasmiṃs tvayi śukty-ādi- nikṛṣṭa-vastūnīva viṣayāropaḥ kathaṃ syād ity arthaḥ | dadhati sakṛn manas tvayi ya ātmani nitya-sukhe na punar upāsate puruṣa-sāra-harāvasthān || ity [BhP 10.87.35] asmākam evokteḥ || ato'cintya-śaktyā svarūpād acyutasyaiva tava pariṇāma-svīkāreṇa draviṇa- jātīnāṃ dravya-mātrāṇāṃ mṛl-lohādīnāṃ vikalpā bhedā ghaṭa- kuṇḍalādayas teṣāṃ panthāno mārgāḥ prakārās tair evāsmābhir upamīyate na tu kutrāpi bhramara-jatādibhiḥ | yasmād evaṃ tasmād vitathā mano- vilāsāḥ ya etādṛśam eva ṛtaṃ tad-rūpaṃ brahma vedaṃ jagad ity abudhā evāvayanti manyante | tasya tad-adhiṣṭhānatvāsamabhavād iti bhāvaḥ | ita- śabda-prayogas tv atra mithyāsambandha-rāhitya-vyañjanārtham va kṛta iti jñeyam | atra sat-kāryavādinām ayam abhiprāyaḥ | mṛt-piṇḍādi-kārakair yo ghaṭa utpadyate sann asan vā | ādye piṣṭa-peṣaṇam | dvitīye kriyāyāḥ kārakaiś ca tat-siddhir iti dik | tasmān na prakaṭam eva sanna cātyantam asan kintv avyaktatayā mṛt-piṇḍe eva sthito'sau yathā kāraka-tan-niṣpanna-kriyā-yogena vyajyate | tathā parama-kāraṇe tvayi sthitaṃ viśvaṃ tvat-svābhāvika-śakti-tan- niṣpanna-kriyā-yogeneti | atra sva-vedāntitva-prakhyāpakānām anyathā- yukti-viruddham eva | mana eva bhūta-kāryam iti hi tatra prasiddhaṃ yukti- viruddhaṃ ca | mano'haṅkārādīnāṃ manaḥ-kalpitatvāsambhavāt | tathā hi sati veda-viruddho'nīśvara-vādaś ca prasajyeta | sa ca ninditaḥ pādme - śrutayaḥ smṛtayaś caiva yuktayaś ceśvaraṃ param | vadanti tad-viruddhaṃ yo vadet tasmān na cādhamaḥ || iti | asatyam apratiṣṭhante jagad āhur anīśvaram | aparaspara-sambhūtaṃ kim anyat kāma-haitukam || iti [Gītā 16.8] śrī-gītopaniṣadam anīśvara-vādina eva vyācakṣate | asatyaṃ mithyā-bhūtaṃ satyāsatyābhyām anirvacanīyatvenāpratiṣṭhaṃ nirdeśa-śūnyaṃ sthāṇau puruṣatvavat brahmaṇīśvaratvasyājñāna-mātra-kalpitatvād īśvarābhimānī tatra kaścin nāstīty anīśvaram eva jagat aparaspara-sambhūtam anādy- ajñāna-paramparā-sambhūtam aparasparāḥ kriyā-sātatye ataḥ kāma-haitukaṃ manaḥ saṅkalpa-mātra-jātaṃ svapnavad ity arthaḥ | atra pravṛttiṃ cety ādinā teṣāṃ saṃskāra-doṣa uktaḥ | etāṃ dṛṣṭim ity [Gītā 16.9] ādinā tu gatiś ca nindiṣyate iti jñeyam ebhir eva brahmaṇa aiśvaryopādir māyāpi jīvājñāna-kalpitā tayaiva jagat-sṛṣṭir iti matam | yad uktaṃ tadīya-bhāṣye tad-ananyatvam ity [Vs 2.1.15] ādi-sūtre - sarva-jñeśvarasyātmabhūte ivāvidyā-kalpite nāma-rūpe tatvātattvābhyām anirvacanīye saṃsāra-prapañca-bīja-bhūte sarvajñeśvarasya māyā-śaktiḥ prakṛtir iti śruti-smṛtyor abhilapyete iti | kintv atra vidyāvidye mama tanū ity [BhP 11.11.3] ādi śrī-bhagavad-vākyena tu viruddham iti | ato māyāvādatayā cāyaṃ vādaḥ khyāyate | tad evaṃ ca pādmottara-khaṇḍe devīṃ prati pāṣaṇḍa-śāstraṃ gaṇatayā śrī- mahādevenoktam - māyāvādam asac chāstraṃ pracchannaṃ bauddham ucyate | mayaivaṃ kathitaṃ devi kalau brāhmaṇa-rūpiṇā || vedānte tu mahā-śāstre māyāvādam avaidikam | mayaiva vakṣyate devi jagatāṃ nāśa-kāraṇāt || iti | tac cāsurāṇāṃ mohanārthaṃ bhagavata evājñayeti tatraivoktam asti | tayā ca pādma evānyatra śaive ca -- dvāparādau yuge bhūtvā kalayā mānuṣādiṣu | svāgamaiḥ kalpatais tvaṃ ca janān mad-vimukhān kuru || iti śrī-bhagavad-vākyam iti dik | ataevoktaṃ śrī-nṛsiṃha-purāṇe yama- vākyam - viṣadhara-kaṇa-bhakṣa-śaṅkaroktīr daśabala-pañca-śikhākṣa-pāda-vādān | mahad api suvicārya loka-tantraṃ bhagavad-uktim ṛte na siddhir asti || iti | sarve'tra vāda-granthā eva nirdiṣṭā na tu mantra-granthā iti nāmākṣaram eva sākṣān nirdiṣṭam iti ca nānyathā mananīyam | ato yat kvacit tat-tat- praśaṃsā vā syāt tad api nitānta-nāstika-vādaṃ nirjityāṃśenāpy āstikya- vādaḥ khyāpita ity apekṣayā jñeyam | tasmāt svatantra īśvara eva sarva- sraṣṭā na tu jīvaḥ | svājñānena sva-śaktyaivety āyātam | tad uktaṃ śrī- bādarāyaṇenāpi bahutra saṃjñā-mūrti-k ptis tu trivṛt kurvata upadeśād ity [Vs 2.4.20] ādiṣu | atas tan-mano'sṛjata manaḥ prajāpatim ity ādau manaḥ-śabdena samaṣṭi- mano'dhiṣṭhātā śrīmān aniruddha eva | bahu syāṃ prajāyeya iti [Chā 6.2.3] tat-saṅkalpa eva vā vācyaḥ | satya-svābhāvikācintya-śaktiḥ parameśvaras tuccha-māyikam api na kuryāt cintāmaṇīnām adhipatiḥ svayaṃ cintāmaṇir eva vā kūṭa-kanakādivat | tathā ca mādhva-bhāṣya-pramāṇitā śrutiḥ - athainam āhuḥ satya-karmeti satyaṃ hy evedaṃ viśvam asṛjata iti | evaṃ ca -- satya-vrataṃ satya-paraṃ tri- satyaṃ satyasya yoniṃ nihitaṃ ca satye | satyasya satyam ṛta- satya-netraṃ satyātmakaṃ tvāṃ śaraṇaṃ prapannaḥ || [BhP 10.2.26] ity atra satya-saṅkalpatvaṃ satya-pārāyaṇatvaṃ sṛṣṭy-ādi-līlā-trayeṣu satyatvaṃ satyasya viśvasya kāraṇatvaṃ satya eva viśvasminn antaryāmitayā sthitatvaṃ satyasya tasya sthitatā-hetutvaṃ satya-vacanasyāvyabhicāri-diṣṭeś ca pravartakatvaṃ satya-rūpatvam ity eteṣām arthānām ākūtaṃ paripāṭī ca saṅgacchate | anyathā satyasya yonim ity ādau traye tatrāpi nihitaṃ ca satya ity atrākasmād ardha-jaratīya-nyāyena kaṣṭa-kalpanāmayārthāntare tu bhagavatā sva-pratiśrutaṃ satya-kṛtaṃ yat tat tad yuktam evety ato brahmādibhis tathā stave svārasya-bhaṅgaḥ syāt prakrama-bhaṅgaś ca | tasmāt satyam eva viśvam iti sthitam || 10.87 || śrutayaḥ śrī-bhagavantam ||71|| [72] tad eva na yad idam agra āsety anena prākṛta-layo'pi sat-kārya- vāde'nugamitaḥ | ātyantike tu mokṣa-lakṣaṇa-laye na pṛthivyādīnāṃ nāśaḥ | jīva-kṛtena tathā bhāvanā-mātreṇa svābhāvika-paramātma-śakti-mayānāṃ teṣāṃ nāśāyukteḥ | labdha-mokṣeṣu śrī-parīkṣitādiṣu tad-deha-sthānām api pṛthivy-ādy-aṃśānāṃ sthiteḥ śravaṇāt tathā hiraṇyagarbhāṃśānāṃ buddhy- ādīnām api bhaviṣyati | atas teṣv adhyāsa-parityāga evātyantika-laya ity ucyate | ataeva ghaṭe bhinne ghaṭākāśa ākāśaḥ syād yathā purā | evaṃ dehe mṛte jīvo brahma sampadyate punaḥ || ity atra | tathā - evaṃ samīkṣya cātmānam ātmany ādhāya niṣkale | daśantaṃ takṣakaṃ pāde lelihānaṃ viṣānalam || na drakṣyasi śarīraṃ tvaṃ viśvaṃ ca pṛthag-ātmanaḥ || [BhP 12.5.12] ity atrāpy upādheḥ saṃyoga eva partiyajyate na tu tasya mithyātvaṃ pratipādyate | tathā hi buddhīndriyety ādi-prakaraṇam | tatra tad-āśrayatva-tat- prakāśyatva-tad-avyatiriktatvebhyo hetubhyo buddhīndriyādīnāṃ paramātma-svabhāva-śaktimayatvam āha | buddhīndriyārtha-rūpeṇa jñānaṃ bhāti tad-āśrayam | dṛśyatvāvyatirekābhyām ādy-antavad avastu yat || [BhP 12.4.23] antaḥkaraṇa-bahiḥ-karaṇa-viṣaya-rūpeṇa paramātma-lakṣaṇaṃ jñānam eva bhāti tasmād anyad eva buddhy-ādi-vastv ity arthaḥ | yatas tad-āśrayaṃ teṣām āśraya-rūpaṃ taj jñānam | klībtvam ārṣam | tathāpi rāja-bhṛtyayor ivātyanta- bhedaḥ syāt | tatra hetv-antare'py āha | dṛśyatvaṃ tat-prakāśyatvam avyatirekas tad-vyatireke vyatirekaḥ tābhyām | tasmāt eka-deśa-sthitasyāgner jyotsnā vistāriṇī yathā | ity [ViP 1.22.56] ādivad buddhy-ādīnāṃ tat- svābhāvika-śaktimayatvam eva setsyatīti bhāvaḥ | yat khalv ādy-antavat śukty-ādau kadācid evāropitaṃ rajataṃ tat punar avastu tad-āśrayakatva-tat- prakāśakatva-tad-avyatirekābhāvāt | śukty-ādi-vastu na bhavati śukty- ādibhyo'nanyan na bhavatīty arthaḥ | tataś caika-vijñānena sarva-vijñāna- pratijñā viruddheteti bhāvaḥ ||72||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 75

Anuccheda 75

Text 1

Although the material world, which consists of the intelligence and many other like ingredients, rests within Him, the Supreme Personality of Godhead remains nevertheless untouched and unaffected by it. This is described in the following words of Srimad-Bhagavatam (12.4.26):

Text 2

“As in the sky sometimes there are clouds and sometimes there are no clouds, so in the Supreme Personality of Godhead sometimes there is a material world and sometimes there is not. This is because sometimes the material world is manifested and sometimes it is dissolved.”

Text 3

Here the words “yatha jaladhara vyomni” mean as in the sky there are many clouds, which consist of wind, light, water, dust, and smoke manifested from the sky”, bhavanti” means “are seen to be manifested from the whole, and are thus visible”, and “na bhavanti” means are not manifested, and are thus invisible”. In this way the clouds do not directly touch or affect the sky itself. that is the meaning. The words “brahmanidam tatha visvam” are appropriate as part of this example. “Avayavi” means the great form of the universe”, “udaya” means manifested from the Supreme Lord’s glance”, and apyaya” means “dissolved when the Supreme Lord closes His eyes”. Even after it is dissolved, the material world continues to exist in a subtle state. This is so because it is one of the Supreme Lord’s potencies.

Text 4

This is described in the following words of Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.24.19):

“Time thus manifests the material world, which is real and eternal.”

Paramātma · Sanskrit §73 · English §76

Source

[७३] एवम् असत्-कार्य-वादान्तरेऽपि ज्ञेयम् । एकस्यापि वस्तुनोऽंशभेदेनाश्रयाश्रयित्वं स्वयम् एव दृष्टान्तेन स्पष्टयति -- दीपश् चक्षुषश् च रूपं च ज्योतिषो न पृथग् भवेत् । एवं धीः खानि मात्राश् च न स्युर् अन्यतमादृतात् ॥ [भ्प् १२.४.२४] दीपश् चकू-रूपाणां महाभूत-ज्योतिर्-अंश-रूपत्वात् दीपादिकं न ततः पृथक् । एवं धी-प्रभृतीनि ऋतात् परमात्मनो न पृथक् स्युः । तथापि यथा महा-भूत-ज्योतिर् दीपादि-दोषेण न लिप्यते तथा बुद्ध्यदि-दोषेण परमात्मापि । तद्वद् अस्याप्य् अन्यतमत्वाद् इत्य् आह अन्यतमाद् इति ।

[73] evam asat-kārya-vādāntare'pi jñeyam | ekasyāpi vastuno'ṃśabhedenāśrayāśrayitvaṃ svayam eva dṛṣṭāntena spaṣṭayati -- dīpaś cakṣuṣaś ca rūpaṃ ca jyotiṣo na pṛthag bhavet | evaṃ dhīḥ khāni mātrāś ca na syur anyatamādṛtāt || [BhP 12.4.24] dīpaś cakū-rūpāṇāṃ mahābhūta-jyotir-aṃśa-rūpatvāt dīpādikaṃ na tataḥ pṛthak | evaṃ dhī-prabhṛtīni ṛtāt paramātmano na pṛthak syuḥ | tathāpi yathā mahā-bhūta-jyotir dīpādi-doṣeṇa na lipyate tathā buddhyadi-doṣeṇa paramātmāpi | tadvad asyāpy anyatamatvād ity āha anyatamād iti |

English translation

English witness · section(s) 76

Anuccheda 76

Text 1

That the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the cause of the material world is shown by the following example (Srimad-Bhagavatam 12.5.27):

Text 2

“The Absolute truth is the origin of all. As threads may be seen as separate from the whole cloth, so the creation may be seen to be separate from the Supreme Lord.”

Text 3

Here “sarvavayavinam” means of all the gross ingredients of the material world”. “avayavah” means the cause”, “satyam” means “the Absolute Truth”, and “proktah” means “is said to be changeless”. Then an example from the material world is given. “Vina arthena” means “as the entire cloth is different”.