Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §41 · English §43
Source[४१] एवम् -- यस्यांशांशांश-भागेन विश्वोत्पत्ति-लयोदयाः । भवन्ति किल विश्वात्मंस् तं त्वाद्याहं गतिं गता ॥ [भ्प् १०.८५.३१] टीका च - यस्यांशः पुरुषस् तस्यांशो माया तस्या अंशा गुणास् तेषां भागेन परमाणु-मात्र-लेशेन विश्वोत्पत्त्य्-आदयो भवन्ति । तं त्वा त्वां गतिं शरणं गतास्मि इत्य् एषा ॥ ॥ १०.८५ ॥ श्री-देवकी भगवन्तम् ॥ ४१ ॥
[41] evam -- yasyāṃśāṃśāṃśa-bhāgena viśvotpatti-layodayāḥ | bhavanti kila viśvātmaṃs taṃ tvādyāhaṃ gatiṃ gatā || [BhP 10.85.31] ṭīkā ca - yasyāṃśaḥ puruṣas tasyāṃśo māyā tasyā aṃśā guṇās teṣāṃ bhāgena paramāṇu-mātra-leśena viśvotpatty-ādayo bhavanti | taṃ tvā tvāṃ gatiṃ śaraṇaṃ gatāsmi ity eṣā || || 10.85 || śrī-devakī bhagavantam || 41 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 43
Anuccheda 43
Text 1
That Sri Krsna is the Original source of all the incarnations of Godhead is confirmed in the following description found in Sriamd Bhagavatam(10.1.22-23):
Text 2
"While in trance, Lord Brahma heard the words of Lord Visnu vibrating in the sky. Thus he told the demigods: O demigods, hear from me the order of Ksirodakasayi Visnu, the Supreme Person, and execute it attentively without delay."*
Text 3
"Lord Brahma informed the demigods: Before we submitted our petition to the Lord, He was already aware of the distress on earth. Consequently, for as the Lord moves on earth to diminish its burdern by His own potency in the form of time, all of you demigods should appear through plenary portions as sons and grandsons in the family of the Yadus."*
Text 4
"The Original Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna, who has full potency, will personally appear as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore all the wives of the demigods should also appear in order to satisfy Him."*
Text 5
In this verse (Text 2) the word "paurusim" means "by the purusa-avatara". In the passage beginning with the word "pura" (Texts 3 and 4) Brahma repeats the message orginally spoken by the purusa-avatara. That Sri Krsna appears as the purusa-avatara Lord Visnu is confirmed in the following statement of Lord Brahma(Bhag. 2.6.32):
"By Krsna's will I create, and Lord Siva destroys. Krsna Himself, in His eternal form as the purusa-incarnation maintains everything. He is the powerful controller of these three energies."*
Text 6
We may note, however, that the word "pumsa" in verse 22 means "by Sri Krsna, the Original Supreme Personality of Godhead". This is confirmed in the words of Brahma-samhita(5.39): "Sri Krsna is the Original Supreme Personality of Godhead".
The word "amsaih" used in Text 3 may be understood to mean that Sridama, Sudama, Uddhava, Satyaki, and the other associates of the Lord are all actually demigods, who are considered to be like the limbs of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. This is elaborately explained in the following verse(Srimad-Bhagavatam 10.1.62-63):
Text 7
"The inhabitants of Vrndavana, headed by Nanada Maharaja and including his associate cowherd men and their wives, were none but denizens of the heavenly planets, O Maharaja Pariksit, best of the descendants of Bharata, and so too were the descendants of the Vrsni dynasty, headed by Vasudeva and Devaki and the other women of hte dynasty of Yadu. The friends, relatives and well-wishers of both Nanda Maharaja and Vasudeva and even those who externally appeared to be followers of Kamsa were all demigods."*
Text 8
In the 85th Chapter of the Tenth Canto of Srimad Bhagavatam, Sri Krsna is described as the all-pervading Supersoul. He is addressed as "purusa" and "tryadhisa" which indicates that He is the original source of all incarnations of Godhead. This is summarized in the following statement of Maharaja Vasudeva(Srimad-Bhagvatam 10.85.18):
Text 9
"My dear Krsna and Balarama, I know that neither of You are my sons; You are the original chief and progenitor, the Original Personalities of Godhead, known as Pradhana and Purusa. But You have appeared on the surface of this globe in order to minimize the burdern of the world by killing the ksatriya kings who are unnecessarily increasing their military strength."*
Text 10
In the quote form Srimad-Bhagavatam(10.1.22) found in Anuccheda 43, the word "sva-kala-saktya" means "by His own potency the time-factor". In htat same verse the word "isvareshvarah" means "the Original Personality of Godhead." By repeating the Supreme Lord's instructions in these verses, Brahma intends to say to the demigods: "There is no need to make any further request in this matter, because the Supreme Personality of Godhead will solve the difficulty."
Text 11
The word "tat-priyartham" used in Srimad-Bhagavatam 10.2.23 (quoted in Anuccheda 43) means "for the Supreme Lord's satisfaction". The word "sura-striyah" in this verse refers to the eternal consorts of the various incarnations(such as Lord Vamana and others) of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. When Lord Krsna, the Original form of the Personlaity of Godhead appears, then all the pleanary expansions of Godhead also appear along with Him, and all the goddesses of fortune, who are the consorts of the Lord's various incarnations also appear with Him. The word "sura-striyah" may also refer to the wives of the demigods who accompany the Supreme Lord's consorts in order to serve them in various ways.
Text 12
The actual reason for the Supreme Lord's appearance in this material world is not the reason expressed by hte demigods in their prayers. The Lord actually apppeared to perform ceratin specific pastimes with His great devotees, the gopis, and His activity of rescuing the earth from the burdern of so many demonic kings was merely incidental to that primary reason for His descent.
Text 13
The Personified Vedas, the sages residing at Dandakaranya, and the sons of the demigod Agni, all became gopis in Vrndavana.
Text 14
The actual meaning of this phrase(sura-striyah) is explained in the following verse(Sriamd-Bhagavatam 10.47.60) which describes the exalted position of the gopis in Vrndavana:
"When Lord Krsna was dancing with the gopis in the rasa-lila, the gopis were embraced by the arms of the Lord. This transcendental favor was never bestowed upon the goddesses of fortune or the other consorts in the spiritual world. Indeed, never was such a thing imagined by the most beautiful girls in the heavenly planets whose bodily luster and aroma resemble the lotus flower. And what to speak of worldly women who are very beautiful according to the material estimation."*
Text 15
We may therefore understand that the phrase "sura-striyah" refers neither to the wives of the demigods, nor the the goddesses of fortune, nor the queens of Dvarka, but to the gopis, who are the internal potencies of Lord Krsna.
Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §42 · English §44
Source[४२] यथा च -- नारायणस् त्वं न हि सर्व-देहिनाम् इत्य् आदौ नारायणोऽङ्गं नर-भू-जलायनात् इति । [भ्प् १०.१४.१४] टीका च - नराद् उद्भूता येऽर्थाः तथा नराज् जातं यज् जलं तद्-अयनाद् यो नारायणः प्रसिद्धः सोऽपि तवाङ्गं मूर्तिर् इत्य् एषा । अत्र स तवाङ्गं त्वं पुनर् अङ्गीत्य् असौ तु विशदोऽर्थः । न तु स्तुति-मात्रम् इदम् । दृष्ट्वाघासुर-मोक्षणं प्रभवतः प्राप्तः परं विस्मयम् [भ्प् १०.१३.१५] इत्य् उक्त-रीत्या क्वचिद् अप्य् अवतार्य्-अवतारान्तरेषु तादृशस्यापि मोक्षम् अदृष्ट-गोचरं दृष्ट्वा विस्मयं प्राप्तवान् ब्रह्मा । द्रष्टुं मञ्जुम् अहित्वम् अन्य अपि तद्-वत्सान् इतो वत्सपान् नीत्वान्यत्र कुरुद्वहान्तर् अधाद् इत्य् उक्त-रीत्या तस्यापरम् अपि माहात्म्यं दिदृक्षुस् तथा माहात्म्यं ददर्शेति प्रकरण-सारस्येनापि लब्धम् । न चापर-माहात्म्य-दर्शनं सम्भावना-मात्रम् । तावत् सर्वे वत्स-पालाः पश्यतो ञ्जस्य तत्-क्षणात् । व्यदृश्यन्त घन-श्यामाः पीत-कौशेय-वाससः ॥ [भ्प् १०.१३.४६] इत्य् आदिना शक्तिभिर् अजाद्याभिर् ऐश्वर्यैर् अणिमाद्यैश् चतुर्विंशति-सङ्ख्य- तत्त्वैर् महद्-आदिभिः तत्-सह-कारिभिः काल-स्वभावाद्यैस् तत्-सम्भूतैर् ब्रह्माण्डैः तद्-अन्तर्भूत-स्रष्टृभिर् ब्रह्मादिभिर् जीवैश् च स्तम्ब- पर्यन्तः पृथक् पृथग् उपासितास् तादृश-ब्रह्माण्डेश्वर-कोटयः श्री- कृष्णेनैव तत्-तद्-अंशांशेनाविर्भाव्य ब्रह्माणं प्रति साक्षाद् एव दर्शिता इति ह्य् उक्तं तदीदृशम् एव कृष्णस् तु भगवान् स्वयम् इत्य् अत्राविष्कृत-सर्व- शक्तित्वाद् इत्य् एतत्-(पगे १९)-स्वामि-व्याख्यानस्यासाधारणं बीजं भवेत् । विश्व-रूप-दर्शनादीनां तत्-तद्-ब्रह्माण्डान्तर्यामि-पुरुषाणाम् एकतरेणापि शक्यत्वात् । तस्माद् विराट्-पुरुषयोर् इव पुरुष-भगवतोर् अपि जगृहे पौरुषं रूपम् इत्य् आदाव् उपासनार्थम् एव तैर् अभेद-व्याख्या कृतेति गम्यते । वस्तुतस् तु परमाश्रयत्वेन श्री-कृष्ण एव तैर् अङ्गीकृतोऽस्ति । यथा -- विश्व-सर्ग-विसर्गादि-नव-लक्षण-लक्षितम् । श्री-कृष्णाख्यं परं धाम जगद्-धाम नमामि तत् ॥ दशमे दशमं लक्ष्यम् आश्रिताश्रय-विग्रहम् । क्रीडद् यदु-कुलाम्भोधौ परानन्दम् उदीर्यते ॥ इति [भावार्थ-दीपिका, १०.२.१]। यद्य् अन्येषाम् अपि परमाश्रयत्वं तन् मतं तदा दशम इत्य् अनर्थकं स्यात् । तस्मान् नारायणोऽङ्गम् इति युक्तम् उक्तम् ॥ ॥ १०.१४ ॥ ब्रह्मा श्री-कृष्णम् ॥ ४२ ॥
[42] yathā ca -- nārāyaṇas tvaṃ na hi sarva-dehinām ity ādau nārāyaṇo'ṅgaṃ nara-bhū-jalāyanāt iti | [BhP 10.14.14] ṭīkā ca - narād udbhūtā ye'rthāḥ tathā narāj jātaṃ yaj jalaṃ tad-ayanād yo nārāyaṇaḥ prasiddhaḥ so'pi tavāṅgaṃ mūrtir ity eṣā | atra sa tavāṅgaṃ tvaṃ punar aṅgīty asau tu viśado'rthaḥ | na tu stuti-mātram idam | dṛṣṭvāghāsura-mokṣaṇaṃ prabhavataḥ prāptaḥ paraṃ vismayam [BhP 10.13.15] ity ukta-rītyā kvacid apy avatāry-avatārāntareṣu tādṛśasyāpi mokṣam adṛṣṭa-gocaraṃ dṛṣṭvā vismayaṃ prāptavān brahmā | draṣṭuṃ mañjum ahitvam anya api tad-vatsān ito vatsapān nītvānyatra kurudvahāntar adhād ity ukta-rītyā tasyāparam api māhātmyaṃ didṛkṣus tathā māhātmyaṃ dadarśeti prakaraṇa-sārasyenāpi labdham | na cāpara-māhātmya-darśanaṃ sambhāvanā-mātram | tāvat sarve vatsa-pālāḥ paśyato ñjasya tat-kṣaṇāt | vyadṛśyanta ghana-śyāmāḥ pīta-kauśeya-vāsasaḥ || [BhP 10.13.46] ity ādinā śaktibhir ajādyābhir aiśvaryair aṇimādyaiś caturviṃśati-saṅkhya- tattvair mahad-ādibhiḥ tat-saha-kāribhiḥ kāla-svabhāvādyais tat-sambhūtair brahmāṇḍaiḥ tad-antarbhūta-sraṣṭṛbhir brahmādibhir jīvaiś ca stamba- paryantaḥ pṛthak pṛthag upāsitās tādṛśa-brahmāṇḍeśvara-koṭayaḥ śrī- kṛṣṇenaiva tat-tad-aṃśāṃśenāvirbhāvya brahmāṇaṃ prati sākṣād eva darśitā iti hy uktaṃ tadīdṛśam eva kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayam ity atrāviṣkṛta-sarva- śaktitvād ity etat-(page 19)-svāmi-vyākhyānasyāsādhāraṇaṃ bījaṃ bhavet | viśva-rūpa-darśanādīnāṃ tat-tad-brahmāṇḍāntaryāmi-puruṣāṇām ekatareṇāpi śakyatvāt | tasmād virāṭ-puruṣayor iva puruṣa-bhagavator api jagṛhe pauruṣaṃ rūpam ity ādāv upāsanārtham eva tair abheda-vyākhyā kṛteti gamyate | vastutas tu paramāśrayatvena śrī-kṛṣṇa eva tair aṅgīkṛto'sti | yathā -- viśva-sarga-visargādi-nava-lakṣaṇa-lakṣitam | śrī-kṛṣṇākhyaṃ paraṃ dhāma jagad-dhāma namāmi tat || daśame daśamaṃ lakṣyam āśritāśraya-vigraham | krīḍad yadu-kulāmbhodhau parānandam udīryate || iti [Bhāvārtha-dīpikā, 10.2.1]| yady anyeṣām api paramāśrayatvaṃ tan mataṃ tadā daśama ity anarthakaṃ syāt | tasmān nārāyaṇo'ṅgam iti yuktam uktam || || 10.14 || brahmā śrī-kṛṣṇam || 42 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 44
Anuccheda 44
Text 1
Because Sri Krsn is the Original Personality of Godhead, the source of all incarnations, His glories are heard and described throughout the Srimad-Bhagavatam. This is described inthe following statement of Sri Vidura (Sriamd-Bhagavatam 4.17. 6-7):
Text 2
"Prthu Maharaja was a powerful incarnation of Lord Krsna's potencies; consequently any narration concerning his activities is surely very plaesing to hear, and it produces all good fortune. As fara s I am concerned, I ma always your devotee as well as a devotee of the Lord, who is known as Adhokasaja. Please therefore narrate all the stories of King Prthu, who, in the form of the son of King Vena, milked the cow-shaped earth."*
In this verse the word "purva-deha" refers to the incarnation of Prthu Maharaja. The owrd "purva" means that he was previously seen by by the people of the world. This verse is spoken by Vidura, who here takes shelter of the description of Prthu Maharaja.
Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §43 · English §45
Source[४३] अवतार-प्रसङ्गेऽपि तथैव स्पष्टम् - गिरं समाधौ गगने समीरितां निशम्य वेधास् त्रिदशान् उवाच ह । गां पौरुषीं मे शृणुतामराः पुनर् विधीयताम् आशु तथैव मा चिरम् ॥ पुरैव पुंसावधृतो धरा-ज्वरो भवद्भिर् अंशैर् यदुषूपजन्यताम् । स यावद् उर्व्या भरम् ईश्वरेश्वरः स्व-काल-शक्त्या क्षपयंश् चरेद् भुवि ॥ वसुदेव-गृहे साक्षाद् भगवान् पुरुषः परः । जनिष्यते तत्-प्रियार्थं सम्भवन्तु सुर-स्त्रियः ॥ [भ्प् १०.१.२१-२३] पौरुषीं पुरुषेण सृजामि तन्-नियुक्तोऽहम् [भ्प् २.६.३०] इत्य्-आद्य्-अनुसारात् पुरुषाभिन्नेन विष्णु-रूपेण क्षीरोदशायिना स्वयम् एवोक्तां गां वाचम् । पुरुषस्यैव वाचम् अनुवदति पुरैवेति । पुंसा आदि-पुरुषेण कृष्णः स्वयं समभवत् परमः पुमान् यः [ब्रह्मस् ५.४९] इत्य् अनुसारात् । स्वयं भगवत्ता श्री-कृष्णस्येत्य् अर्थः । अंशैः श्री-कृष्णस्यांश-भूतैस् तत्- पार्षदैः श्रीमद्-उद्धवादिभिः सह । इत्थम् एव प्राचुर्येणोक्तम् -- नन्दाद्या ये व्रजे गोपा याश् चामीषां च योषितः । वृष्णयो वसुदेवाद्या देवक्य्-आद्या यदु-स्त्रियः ॥ सर्वे वै देवता-प्राया उभयोर् अपि भारत । ज्ञातयो बन्धु-सुहृदो ये च कंसम् अनुव्रताः ॥ [भ्प् १०.१.६२-६३] इति । तस्माद् आदि-पुरुषत्वम् एव व्यनक्ति स इति सर्वान्तर्यामित्वात् । पुरुषस् तावद् ईश्वरः । तस्याप्य् अंशित्वात् स आदि-पुरुषः श्री-कृष्णः पुनर् ईश्वरेश्वरः त्र्य्-अधीश-शब्दवत् । तथा च दशमस्य पञ्चाशीतितमे श्रीमद्- आनकदुन्दुभिनोक्तम् - युवां न नः सुतौ साक्षात् प्रधान-पुरुषेश्वरौ [भ्प् १०.८५.१८] इति । स्व-काल-शक्त्या स्व-शक्त्या काल-शक्त्या च । ईश्वरेश्वरत्वे हेतुः साक्षात् स्वयम् एव भगवान् इति । तद् अलं मयि तत्-प्रार्थनयेति भावः । तत्-प्रियार्थं तत्-प्रीत्यै । अमर-स्त्रियः श्रीमद्-उपेन्द्र-प्रेयस्य्- आदि-रूपाः काश्चित् सम्भवन्तु मिलिता भवन्तु । साक्षाद् अवतरतः श्री- भगवतो नित्यानपायि-महा-शक्ति-रूपासु तत्-प्रेयसीष्व् अवतरन्तीषु श्री- भगवति तद्-अंशान्तरवत् ता अपि प्रविशन्त्व् इत्य् अर्थः । तत्-प्रियाणां तासाम् एव दास्य्-आदि-प्रयोजनाय जायन्ताम् इति वा । अनेन तैर् अपार्थितस्याप्य् अस्यार्थस्यादेशेन परम-भक्ताभिस् ताभिर् लीला-विशेष एव भगवतः स्वयम् अवतितीर्षायां कारणम् । भारावतरणं चानुषङ्गिकम् (पगे २०) एव भवतीति व्यञ्जितम् । तद् एवं श्रुतीनां च दण्डकारण्य-वासिनां मुनीनां चाग्नि-पुत्राणां च श्री-गोपिकादित्व-प्राप्तिर् यत् श्रूयते तद् अपि पूर्ववद् एव मन्तव्यम् । अत्र प्रसिद्धार्थे नायं श्रियोऽङ्ग उ नितान्त-रतेः प्रसादः स्वर्-योषितां नलिन- गन्ध-रुचां कुतोऽन्याः [भ्प् १०.४७.६०] इति विरुध्येत । न च सुर-स्त्रीणां सम्भव-वाक्यं श्री-महिषी-वृन्द-परं, तासाम् अपि तन्-निज-शक्ति- रूपत्वेन दर्शयिष्यमाणत्वात् । ॥ १०.१ ॥ श्री-शुकः ॥ ४३ ॥
[43] avatāra-prasaṅge'pi tathaiva spaṣṭam - giraṃ samādhau gagane samīritāṃ niśamya vedhās tridaśān uvāca ha | gāṃ pauruṣīṃ me śṛṇutāmarāḥ punar vidhīyatām āśu tathaiva mā ciram || puraiva puṃsāvadhṛto dharā-jvaro bhavadbhir aṃśair yaduṣūpajanyatām | sa yāvad urvyā bharam īśvareśvaraḥ sva-kāla-śaktyā kṣapayaṃś cared bhuvi || vasudeva-gṛhe sākṣād bhagavān puruṣaḥ paraḥ | janiṣyate tat-priyārthaṃ sambhavantu sura-striyaḥ || [BhP 10.1.21-23] pauruṣīṃ puruṣeṇa sṛjāmi tan-niyukto'ham [BhP 2.6.30] ity-ādy-anusārāt puruṣābhinnena viṣṇu-rūpeṇa kṣīrodaśāyinā svayam evoktāṃ gāṃ vācam | puruṣasyaiva vācam anuvadati puraiveti | puṃsā ādi-puruṣeṇa kṛṣṇaḥ svayaṃ samabhavat paramaḥ pumān yaḥ [BrahmaS 5.49] ity anusārāt | svayaṃ bhagavattā śrī-kṛṣṇasyety arthaḥ | aṃśaiḥ śrī-kṛṣṇasyāṃśa-bhūtais tat- pārṣadaiḥ śrīmad-uddhavādibhiḥ saha | ittham eva prācuryeṇoktam -- nandādyā ye vraje gopā yāś cāmīṣāṃ ca yoṣitaḥ | vṛṣṇayo vasudevādyā devaky-ādyā yadu-striyaḥ || sarve vai devatā-prāyā ubhayor api bhārata | jñātayo bandhu-suhṛdo ye ca kaṃsam anuvratāḥ || [BhP 10.1.62-63] iti | tasmād ādi-puruṣatvam eva vyanakti sa iti sarvāntaryāmitvāt | puruṣas tāvad īśvaraḥ | tasyāpy aṃśitvāt sa ādi-puruṣaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ punar īśvareśvaraḥ try-adhīśa-śabdavat | tathā ca daśamasya pañcāśītitame śrīmad- ānakadundubhinoktam - yuvāṃ na naḥ sutau sākṣāt pradhāna-puruṣeśvarau [BhP 10.85.18] iti | sva-kāla-śaktyā sva-śaktyā kāla-śaktyā ca | īśvareśvaratve hetuḥ sākṣāt svayam eva bhagavān iti | tad alaṃ mayi tat-prārthanayeti bhāvaḥ | tat-priyārthaṃ tat-prītyai | amara-striyaḥ śrīmad-upendra-preyasy- ādi-rūpāḥ kāścit sambhavantu militā bhavantu | sākṣād avatarataḥ śrī- bhagavato nityānapāyi-mahā-śakti-rūpāsu tat-preyasīṣv avatarantīṣu śrī- bhagavati tad-aṃśāntaravat tā api praviśantv ity arthaḥ | tat-priyāṇāṃ tāsām eva dāsy-ādi-prayojanāya jāyantām iti vā | anena tair apārthitasyāpy asyārthasyādeśena parama-bhaktābhis tābhir līlā-viśeṣa eva bhagavataḥ svayam avatitīrṣāyāṃ kāraṇam | bhārāvataraṇaṃ cānuṣaṅgikam (page 20) eva bhavatīti vyañjitam | tad evaṃ śrutīnāṃ ca daṇḍakāraṇya-vāsināṃ munīnāṃ cāgni-putrāṇāṃ ca śrī-gopikāditva-prāptir yat śrūyate tad api pūrvavad eva mantavyam | atra prasiddhārthe nāyaṃ śriyo'ṅga u nitānta-rateḥ prasādaḥ svar-yoṣitāṃ nalina- gandha-rucāṃ kuto'nyāḥ [BhP 10.47.60] iti virudhyeta | na ca sura-strīṇāṃ sambhava-vākyaṃ śrī-mahiṣī-vṛnda-paraṃ, tāsām api tan-nija-śakti- rūpatvena darśayiṣyamāṇatvāt | || 10.1 || śrī-śukaḥ || 43 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 45
Anuccheda 45
Text 1
This is also confirmed by the following verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam(4.17.8) describing a conversation between Maitreya and Vidura:
"When Vidura became inspired to hear of the activities of Lord Krsna in His various incarnations, Maitreya, also being inspired and being very pleased with Vidura, began to praise him. Then Maitreya spoke as follows."*
Text 2
In connection with this verse we may quote that by hearing the glorification of the Supreme Lord, Maitreya Muni became pleased at heart. We may also observe that Lord Krsna is also known by the name of Vasudeva because He is the son of Maharaja Vasudeva.
Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §44 · English §46
Source[४४] तद् एवम् अवतार-प्रसङ्गेऽपि श्री-कृष्णस्य स्वयं भगवत्त्वम् एवायातम् । यस्माद् एवं तस्माद् एव श्री-भागवते महा-श्रोतृ-वक्तॄणाम् अपि श्री-कृष्ण एव तात्पर्यं लक्ष्यते । तत्र श्री-विदुरस्य -- यच् चान्यद् अपि कृष्णस्य भवान् भगवतः प्रभोः । श्रवः सुश्रवसः पुण्यं पूर्व-देह-कथाश्रयम् ॥ भक्ताय मे ऽनुरक्ताय तव चाधोक्षजस्य च । वक्तुम् अर्हसि यो ऽदुह्यद् वैन्य-रूपेण गाम् इमाम् ॥ [भ्प् ४.१७.६-७] पूर्व-देहः पृथ्व्-अवतारः । लोक-दृष्टाव् अभिव्यक्ति-रीत्या पूर्वत्वम् । तत्- कथैवाश्रयो यस्य तत् ॥ ॥४.१७॥ विदुरः ॥४४॥
[44] tad evam avatāra-prasaṅge'pi śrī-kṛṣṇasya svayaṃ bhagavattvam evāyātam | yasmād evaṃ tasmād eva śrī-bhāgavate mahā-śrotṛ-vaktṝṇām api śrī-kṛṣṇa eva tātparyaṃ lakṣyate | tatra śrī-vidurasya -- yac cānyad api kṛṣṇasya bhavān bhagavataḥ prabhoḥ | śravaḥ suśravasaḥ puṇyaṃ pūrva-deha-kathāśrayam || bhaktāya me 'nuraktāya tava cādhokṣajasya ca | vaktum arhasi yo 'duhyad vainya-rūpeṇa gām imām || [BhP 4.17.6-7] pūrva-dehaḥ pṛthv-avatāraḥ | loka-dṛṣṭāv abhivyakti-rītyā pūrvatvam | tat- kathaivāśrayo yasya tat || ||4.17|| viduraḥ ||44||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 46
Anuccheda 46
Text 1
That Sri Krsna is described throughout Sriamd-Bhagavatam is confirmed in the following statement about King Pariksit (Sriamd-Bhagavatam 1.19.5);
"Maharaja Pariksit sat down firmly on the banks of the Ganges to concentrate his mind in Krsna consciousness, rejecting all other practices of self-realsization, because transcendental loving service to Krsna is the greatest achievement, superseding all other methods."*
Text 2
Sridhara Svami comments in the following way:
"The phrase 'sri-krsnanghri-sevam adhimanyamanah' indicates that Maharaja Pariksit understood that service to Lord Krsna's lotus feet is the goal of life."
Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §45 · English §47–48
Source[४५] अथ श्री-मैत्रेयस्य तद्-अनन्तरम् एव -- चोदितो विदुरेणैवं वासुदेव-कथां प्रति । प्रशस्य तं प्रीत-मना मैत्रेयः प्रत्यभाषत ॥ [भ्प् ४.१७.८] तत्-प्रशंसया प्रीत-मनस्त्वेन चास्यापि तथैव तात्पर्यं लभ्यते । अतएवात्र वसुदेव-नन्दनत्वेनैव वासुदेव-शब्दः प्रयुक्तः । ॥४.१७॥ श्री-सुतः ॥४५॥
[45] atha śrī-maitreyasya tad-anantaram eva -- codito vidureṇaivaṃ vāsudeva-kathāṃ prati | praśasya taṃ prīta-manā maitreyaḥ pratyabhāṣata || [BhP 4.17.8] tat-praśaṃsayā prīta-manastvena cāsyāpi tathaiva tātparyaṃ labhyate | ataevātra vasudeva-nandanatvenaiva vāsudeva-śabdaḥ prayuktaḥ | ||4.17|| śrī-sutaḥ ||45||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 47–48
Anuccheda 47
Text 1
That Sri Krsna is the subject of the entire Bhagavatam is also confirmed in the following verse spoken by hte sages of Naimisaranya to King Pariksit(Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.19.20):
"O chief of all the saintly kings of the Pandu dynasty who are strictly in the line of Lord Sri Krsna! It is not at all astonishing that you give up your throne, which is decorated with the helmets of many kings, to achieve eternal association with the Personlaity of Godhead."*
Text 2
In this verse the word 'bhavatsu' refers to the kings in the Pandu dynasty, and the phrase "ye jahuh" refer to Maharaja Yudhisthira and other great devotees of the Lord. By speaking this verse the great sages explained the truth about Lord Krsna to Maharaja Pariksit.
Anuccheda 48
Text 1
In the following connection King Pariksit spoke the following words to Sukadeva Gosvami (Sriamd-Bhagavatam 1.19.35-36):
"Lord Krsna, the Personality of Godhead, who is very dear to the sons of King Pandu, has accepted me as one of those realtives just to please His great cousins and brothers."*
Text 2
"Otherwise [without being inspired by Lord Krsna] how is it that you have voluntarily appeared here, though you are moving incognito to the common man and are not visible to us who are on the verge of death?"*
Text 3
This verse explains that Lord Krsna became the paternal cousin of the Pandavas. The word "te" (Your) in htis verse refers to Sukadeva Gosvami, who is always relishing the nectar of Krsna consciousness. The word "vaniyasah" indicates that Sukadeva Gosvami is very generously inviting Maharaja Pariksit to ask questions about Krsna consciousness.
Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §46 · English §49
Source[४६] अथ श्री-परीक्षितः -- अथो विहायेमम् अमुं च लोकं विमर्शितौ हेयतया पुरस्तात् । कृष्णाङ्घ्रि-सेवाम् अधिमन्यमान उपाविशत् प्रायम् अमर्त्य-नद्याम् ॥ [भ्प् १.१९.५] टीका च -श्री-कृष्णाङ्घ्रि-सेवाम् अधिमन्यमानः सर्व-पुरुषार्थाधिकां जानन् इत्य् एषा । ॥ १.१९ ॥ श्री-सुतः ॥४६॥
[46] atha śrī-parīkṣitaḥ -- atho vihāyemam amuṃ ca lokaṃ vimarśitau heyatayā purastāt | kṛṣṇāṅghri-sevām adhimanyamāna upāviśat prāyam amartya-nadyām || [BhP 1.19.5] ṭīkā ca -śrī-kṛṣṇāṅghri-sevām adhimanyamānaḥ sarva-puruṣārthādhikāṃ jānan ity eṣā | || 1.19 || śrī-sutaḥ ||46||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 49
Anuccheda 49
Text 1
Maharaja Pariksit is described in this verse (Srimad-Bhagavatam 2.3.15):
"Maharaja Pariksit, the grandson of the Panadavas, was from his very childhood a great devotee of the Lord. Even while playing with dolls, he used to worship Lord Krsna by imitating the worship of the family Deity."*
Text 2
In this verse Saunaka Rsi explains that as a child Maharaja Pariksit would hear hte descriptions of Lord Krsna's youthful pastimes in Vrndavana and other places. Prince Pariksit would constantly meditate upon Lord Krsna, who accepts various roles in relationship with His devotees, becoming their friend, or accepring other roles in relation with them, and in htis mood, full of love for Lord Krsna, Prince Pariksit would act out the Lord's pastimes as his childhood play.
Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §47 · English §50
Source[४७] न वा इदं राजर्षि-वर्य चित्रं भवत्सु कृष्णं समनुव्रतेषु । ये ऽध्यासनं राज-किरीट-जुष्टं सद्यो जहुर् भगवत्-पार्श्व-कामाः ॥ [भ्प् १.१९.२०] भवत्सु पाण्डोर् वश्येषु ये जहुर् इति श्री-युधिष्ठिराद्य्-अभिप्रायेण । अतएव तत्र स्थितानां सर्व-श्रोतॄणाम् अपि श्री-कृष्ण एव तात्पर्यम् आयाति । ॥ १.१९ ॥ श्री-महर्षयः परीक्षितम् ॥४७॥
[47] na vā idaṃ rājarṣi-varya citraṃ bhavatsu kṛṣṇaṃ samanuvrateṣu | ye 'dhyāsanaṃ rāja-kirīṭa-juṣṭaṃ sadyo jahur bhagavat-pārśva-kāmāḥ || [BhP 1.19.20] bhavatsu pāṇḍor vaśyeṣu ye jahur iti śrī-yudhiṣṭhirādy-abhiprāyeṇa | ataeva tatra sthitānāṃ sarva-śrotṝṇām api śrī-kṛṣṇa eva tātparyam āyāti | || 1.19 || śrī-maharṣayaḥ parīkṣitam ||47||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 50
Anuccheda 50
Text 1
Many statements of Srimad-Bhagavatam may be quoted to describe the glories of Maharaja Paiksit, and the following questions spoken by Maharaja Pariksit himslef at the beginning of Sriamd-Bhagavatam's Tenth Canto (10.1.1-13) may be quoted to show the freatness of his devotion to Lord Krsna:
"King Pariksit said: My dear Lord, you have elaborately described the dynasties of both the moon-god and hte sun-god, with the exalted and wonderful character of their kings."*
"O bets of munis, you have also described the descendants of Yadu, who were very pious and strictly adherent to religious principles. Now, if you will, kindly describe the wonderful, glorious activities of Lord Visnu, or Krsna, who appeared in that Yadu dynasty with Baladeva, His pleanry expansion"*
"The Supersoul, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna, tha cause of the cosmic manifestation, appeared in the dynasty of Yadu. Please tell me elaborately about His glorious activities and character, from the beginning to the end of His life."*
"Glorfication of the Supreme Personality of Godhead is performed in the parampara system; that is, it is conveyed from spiritual master to disciple. Such glorifcation is relished by those no longer interested in the false, temporary glorification of this cosmic manifestation. Descriptions of the Lord are the right medicine for the conditioned soul undergoing repeated birth and death. Therefore, who will cease hearing such glorification of the Lord except a butcher or one who is killing his own self?"*
"Taking the boat of Krsna's lotus feet, my grandfather Arjuna and others crossed the ocean of hte Battlefield of Kuruksetra, in which such commanders as Bhismadeva resmbled great fish that could have very easily swallowed them. By hte nercy of Lord Krsna, my grandfathers crossed this ocean, which was very difficult to cross, as easily as one steps over the hoofprint of a calf. Because my mother surrendered unto Lord Krsna's lotus feet, the Lord, Sudarsana-cakra in hand, entered her womb and saved my body, the body of the last remaining descendant of the Kurus and the Pandavas, which was almost destroyed by the fiery weapon of Asvatthama. Lord Sri Krsna, appearing within and outside of all materially embodied living beings by His own potency in the forms of eternal time-that is, as Paramatma and as virat-rupa-gave liberation to everyone, either as cruel death or as life. Kindly enlighten me by describing His transcendental characteristics."*
"My dear Sukadeva Gosvami, you have already explained that Sankarsana, who belongs to the second quadruple, appeared as the son of Rohini named Balarama. If Balaram was not transferred from one body to another, how is it posssible that he was first in the womb of Devaki and then in the womb of Rohini? Kindly explain this to me."*
"Why did Krsna, the Supreme Personlaity of Godhead, leave the house of His father, Vasudeva, and transfer Himself to the house of Nanda in Vrndavana? Where did the Lord, the master of the Yadu dynasty, live with His relatives in Vrndavana?"*
"Lord Krsna lived both in Vrndavana and in Mathura. What did He do there? Why did He kill Kamsa, His mother's brother? Such killing is not at all sanctioned in the sastras."*
"Krsna the Supreme Personality of Godhead, has no material body, yet He appears as a humna being. For how many years did He live with the descendants of Vrsni? How many wives did He marry, and for how many years did He live in Dvaraka?"*
"O great sage, who know everything about Krsna, please describe in detail all the activities of which I have inquired and also those of which I have not, for I have full faith and am eager to hear of them."*
"Because of my vow on th everge of death, I have given up even drinking water, yte because I am drinking the nectar of topics about Krsna, which is flowing from the lotus mouth of Your Lordship, my hunger and thirst, which are extremely difficult to bear cannot hinder me."*
Text 2
Maharaja Pariksit became intently attracted to hearing the glories of Lord Krsna. This is described in the following verse (Sriamd-Bhagavtam 10.12.40):
"Sri Suta Gosvami said: O learned saints, the childhood pastimes of Sri Krsna are evry wonderful. Maharaja Pariksit, after hearing about those pastimes of Krsna, who had saved him in the womb of his mother, became steady in his mind and again inquired from Sukadeva Gosvami to hear about those pious activities."*
Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §48 · English §51
Source[४८] अपि मे भगवान् प्रीतः कृष्णः पाण्डु-सुत-प्रियः । पैतृ-ष्वसेय-प्रीत्य्-अर्थं तद्-गोत्रस्यात्त-बान्धवः ॥ अन्यथा ते ऽव्यक्त-गतेर् दर्शनं नः कथं नृणाम् । नितरां म्रियमाणानां संसिद्धस्य वनीयसः ॥ [भ्प् १.१९.३५-३६] तेषां पैतृ-ष्वसेयाणां पाण्डु-सुतानां गोत्रस्य मे आत्तं स्वीकृतं बान्धवं बन्धु-कृत्यं येन ते तव श्री-कृष्णस्यैक-रसिकस्य वनीयसः अत्युदारतया मां याचेथा इति प्रवर्तकस्येत्य् अर्थः । ॥ १.१९ ॥ राजा श्री-शुकम् ॥ ४८ ॥
[48] api me bhagavān prītaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ pāṇḍu-suta-priyaḥ | paitṛ-ṣvaseya-prīty-arthaṃ tad-gotrasyātta-bāndhavaḥ || anyathā te 'vyakta-gater darśanaṃ naḥ kathaṃ nṛṇām | nitarāṃ mriyamāṇānāṃ saṃsiddhasya vanīyasaḥ || [BhP 1.19.35-36] teṣāṃ paitṛ-ṣvaseyāṇāṃ pāṇḍu-sutānāṃ gotrasya me āttaṃ svīkṛtaṃ bāndhavaṃ bandhu-kṛtyaṃ yena te tava śrī-kṛṣṇasyaika-rasikasya vanīyasaḥ atyudāratayā māṃ yācethā iti pravartakasyety arthaḥ | || 1.19 || rājā śrī-śukam || 48 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 51
Anuccheda 51
Text 1
This is also described in the following passage from the Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.7.1-2):
"King Pariksit said: My lord, Sukadeva Gosvami, all the various activities exhibited by the incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead are certainly pleasing to the ear and to the mind. Simply by one's hearing of these activities, the dirty things in one's mind immediately vanish. Generally we are reluctant to hear about hte activities of the Lord, but Krsna's childhood pastimes are so attractive that they are automatically pleasing to the mind and the ear. Thus one's attachment for hearing about material things, which is the root cause of material existence, vanishes, and one gradually develops devotional service to the Supreme Lord, attachment for Him, and friendship with devotees who give us the contribution of Krsna consciousness. If you think it fit, kindly speak about those activities of the Lord."*
Text 2
Sridhara Svami explains this verse in the following way:
"By hearing the childhood pastimes of Sri Krsna, Maharaja Pariksit felt as if he were inundated by a great nectarean ocean of transcendental bliss. In this condition he again questioned Sukadeva Gosvami by speaking these verses."
"The phrase 'yena yena' means 'by Lord Matsya and other incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead'. The word 'karoti' refers to the Lord's activities, which are described as bringing joy to the ears and the mind. The phrase 'yac-chrnvatah' means 'anyone who hears the narration of the Lord's pastimes', and the word 'aratih' means 'the dirty things within one's mind immediately vanish, and one bocomes gradually purifed, develops devotional service for the Supreme Lord, attachment for Him, and friendship with devotees.' The phrase 'acirenaiva tad eva haram vada' mens 'If you htink it fot, kindly speak about these beautiful pastimes of the Lord.'"
Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §49 · English §52
Source[४९] स वै भागवतो राजा पाण्डवेयो महा-रथः । बाल-क्रीडनकैः क्रीडन् कृष्ण-क्रीडां य आददे ॥ [भ्प् २.३.१५] या या श्री-कृष्णस्य वृन्दावनादौ बाल-क्रीडा श्रुतास्ति तत्-प्रेमावेशेन तत्- सख्यादि-भाववान् तां ताम् एव क्रीडां यः कृतवान् इत्य् अर्थः ॥ ॥ २.३ ॥ श्री-शौनकः ॥ ४९ ॥
[49] sa vai bhāgavato rājā pāṇḍaveyo mahā-rathaḥ | bāla-krīḍanakaiḥ krīḍan kṛṣṇa-krīḍāṃ ya ādade || [BhP 2.3.15] yā yā śrī-kṛṣṇasya vṛndāvanādau bāla-krīḍā śrutāsti tat-premāveśena tat- sakhyādi-bhāvavān tāṃ tām eva krīḍāṃ yaḥ kṛtavān ity arthaḥ || || 2.3 || śrī-śaunakaḥ || 49 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 52
Anuccheda 52
Text 1
Maharaja Pariksit was intantly attracted to hearing the glories of Lord Krsna and he wanted to hear about hte Lord up until he time of His death. This is described in his words to Sukadeva Gosvami (Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.9.35-38):
"Lord Krsna hte Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is very dear to the sons of King Pabdu, has accpeted me as one of those relatives just to please His great cousins and brothers."*
"Otheriwse [without being inspired by Lord Krsna] how is it that you have volunatrily appeared here, though you are moving incognito to the common man and are not visible to us who are on the verge of death?"*
"You are the spiritual master of the great saints and devotees. I am hterefore begging you to show the way of perfection for all persons, and especially for one whois abou to die."*
"Please let me know what a man should hear, chant rememberandworship, and also what he should not do . Please explain all this to me."*
Text 2
Sukadeva Gosvami then gloriifed Maharaja Pariksit in the following words (Srimad-Bhagavatam 2.1.1):
"Sri Sukadeva Gosvami said: My dear King, your question is glorius because it is veru beneficial to al kinds of people. The answer to this question is the prime subject matter for hearing, and it is approved by all transcendentalists."*
Text 3
In this verse the word "te" means "by you", and the phrase "pumsam srotavyadisu" means "among the varieties of subject matters sought to be heard in the human society". We may note inthis connection that Maharaja Pariksit asked this specific question because he was eager to hear about Lord Krsna, and he wanted to elicit a reply containing descriptions of Lord Krsna. Maharaja Pariksit's question is glorious because it asks about the Original Personality of Godhead Lord Krsna and His many incarnations, and also because it is "loka-hitam", or beneficial for all kinds of people. Because in asking htis question Maharaja Pariksit was motivated by pure unalloyed love for Krsna, he became perfectly successful in attaining the actual goal of human life. This is described in the following words (Srimad-Bhagavatam 2.4.1)L:
Text 4
"Suta Gosvami said: Mahraja Pariksit, the son of Uttara, after hearing hte speeches of Sukadeva Sukadeva Gosvami, which were all about the truth of the self, applied his concentration faithfully upon Lord Krsna."*
The words "matim satim" in this verse indicate the purity of Maharaja Pariksit. This purity was manifested in the next quotation (Srimad-Bhagavatam 2.8.2):
Text 6
"Narrations concerning the Lord, who possesses wonderful potencies, are certainly ausp[icious for livingbeings in all planets. O greatly fortunate Sukadeva Gosvami, please continue narrating Srimad-Bhagavatam so that I can place my mind upon the Supreme Soul, Lord Krsna, and, being completely freed from material qualities, thus relinquish this body."*
Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §50 · English §53–54
Source[५०] एवं जातीयानि बहून्य् एव वचनानि विराजन्ते - तथा कथितो वंश-विस्तारः [भ्प् १०.१.१] इत्य् आरभ्य, नैषाति-दुःसहा क्षुन् माम् [भ्प् १०.१.१३] इत्य् अन्तं दशम-स्कन्ध-प्रकरणम् (पगे २१) अप्य् अनुसन्धेयम् । किं च इत्थं द्विजा यादव-देवदत्तः [भ्प् १०.१२.४०] इत्य् आदि । येन श्रवणेन नितरां गृहीतं वशीकृतं चेतो यस्य सः । ॥ १०.१२ ॥ श्री-सुतः ॥ ५० ॥
[50] evaṃ jātīyāni bahūny eva vacanāni virājante - tathā kathito vaṃśa-vistāraḥ [BhP 10.1.1] ity ārabhya, naiṣāti-duḥsahā kṣun mām [BhP 10.1.13] ity antaṃ daśama-skandha-prakaraṇam (page 21) apy anusandheyam | kiṃ ca itthaṃ dvijā yādava-devadattaḥ [BhP 10.12.40] ity ādi | yena śravaṇena nitarāṃ gṛhītaṃ vaśīkṛtaṃ ceto yasya saḥ | || 10.12 || śrī-sutaḥ || 50 ||
English translation
English witness · section(s) 53–54
Anuccheda 53
Text 1
A description of Maharaja Pariksit's purity of mind may be found in the Srimad-Bhagavatam 10.1.1-13 (quoted in Anuccheda 50, Text 1) and also in the following verse (Srimad-Bhagavatam 10.1.15):
"Srila Sukadeva Gosvami said: O Your Majesty, best of all saintly kings, because you are greatly attracted to the topics of Vasudeva, it is certain that your intelligence is firmly fixed in spiritual understanding, which is the only true goal for humanity. Because that attraction is unceasing, it is certainly sublime."*
Text 2
These words spoken by Sukadeva Gosvami may be paraphrased in the following way: "O Your Majesty, you are certainly pleased by hearing what I have described about the incarnations of the Lord, and you are steadily attracted to hearing the descriptions of Lord Krsna, the son of Maharaja Vaudeva. This is because you are expert at relishing the mellows of spiritual life."
Anucceda 54
With unfaltering fresh interest Maharaja Pariksit constantly meditated upon Lord Krsna, the unlimited Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is full of all opulences. This may be seen in the followng words of Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.12.40-44):
"Sri Suta Gosvami said: O learned saints, the childhood pastimes of Sri Krsna are evry wonderful. Maharaja Pariksit, after hearing about those pastimes of Krsna, who had saved him in hte womb of his mother, became steady in his mind and again inquired from Sukadeva Gosvami to hear about those pious activites."*
"Maharaja Pariksit inquired: O great asge, how oculd things done in the past have been described as being done in the present? Lord Sri Krsna performed this pastime of killig the Aghasura demon during His kaumara age. How then, during His pauganda age, could the boys have described this incident as having happened recently?"*
"O greatest yogi, my spiritual master, kindly describe why this happened. I am very much curious to know about it. I think that it was nothing about but another illusion due to Krsna."*
"O my lord, my spiritual master, although we are the lowest of ksatriyas, we are glorified and benefited because we have the opportunity of always hearing from you the nectar of pios activities of the Supreme Personality of Godhead."*
"Suta Gosvami said: O Saunaka, greatest of aints and devotees, when Mahraja Pariksit inquired from Sukadeva Gosvami in this way, Sukadeva Gosvami, immediately remembering subject matters about Krsna within the core of His heart, externally lost contact with the actions of his senses. Thereafter, with great difficulty, he revived his external sensory perception and beagn to speak to Maharaja Pariksit about Krsna-katha."*