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Kṛṣṇa-sandarbha · Reading 9 of 18

Sections 82–91

Unit 38 of 110Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §82 · English §86Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §91 · English §95–9610 source entries

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §82 · English §86

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[८२] यस्माद् एवं सर्वतोऽपि तस्योत्कर्षस् तस्माद् एवान्यतस् तदीय-नामादीनाम् अपि महिमाधिक्यम् इति गति-सामान्यान्तरं च लभ्यते । तत्र नाम्नो यथा ब्रह्माण्ड-पुराणे श्री-कृष्णाष्टोत्तर-शत-नामामृत-स्तोत्रे - सहस्र-नाम्नां पुण्यानां त्रिर्-आवृत्त्या तु यत् फलम् । एकावृत्त्या तु कृष्णस्य नामैकं तत् प्रयच्छति ॥ इति । व्यक्तीक्रियते चाधिक-फलत्वं कृष्ण-नाम्नः पाद्मे पाताल-खण्डे श्री- मथुरा-माहात्म्ये श्री-महादेवस्यैव वाक्ये - तारकाज् जायते मुक्तिः प्रेम-भक्तिस् तु पारकाद् इति । पूर्वम् अत्र मोचकत्व-प्रेमदत्वाभ्यां तारक-पारक-संज्ञे राम-कृष्ण-नाम्नोर् हि विहिते । तत्र च राम-नाम्नि मोचकत्व-शक्तिर् एवाधिका श्री-कृष्ण-नाम्नि तु मोक्ष-सुख-तिरस्कारि- प्रेमानन्द-दातृत्व-शक्तिः समधिकेति भावः । इत्थम् एवोक्तं विष्णु- धर्मोत्तरे - यच् छक्तिर् नाम यत् तस्य तस्मिन्न् एव च वस्तुनि । साधकं पुरुष-व्याघ्र सौम्य-क्रूरेषु वस्तुषु ॥ इति । किं च श्री-कृष्ण-नाम्नो माहात्म्यं निगदेनैव श्रूयते प्रभास-पुराणे श्री-नारद-कुशध्वज-संवादे श्री-भगवद्-उक्तौ - नाम्नां मुख्यतमं नाम कृष्णाख्यं मे परन्तप इति । तद् एवं गति-सामान्येन नाम-महिम- द्वारा तन्-महिमातिशयः साधितः । तथा तदीय-गुण-रूप-लीला-मथुरादि- स्थानानाम् अपि तत्-तच्-छास्त्र-प्रतिपाद्यमानैः सर्वाधिक-महिमभिर् अप्य् असाव् अनुसन्धेयः । विस्तर-भिया तु नोदाह्रियते । (पगे ३१) [सर्व-संवादिनी: एतद् अनन्तरं गति-सामान्य-प्रकरण् श्री-कृष्ण-नाम- माहात्म्ये सहस्र-नाम्नाम् इत्य् आदि-ब्रह्माण्ड-वाक्यानन्तरम् एव व्याख्येयम् । यथा सर्वार्थ-शक्ति-युक्तस्य देव-देवस्य चक्रिणः । यच् चाभिरुचितं नाम तत् सर्वार्थेषु योजयेत् ॥ इति विष्णु-धर्म-दृष्ट्या सर्वेषाम् एव भगवन्-नाम्नां निरङ्कुश- महिमत्वे सति समाहृतानाम् उच्चारणम् अपि नानार्थकं संस्कार-प्रचय- हेतुत्वाद् एकस्यैवोच्चारार-प्रचयवद् इति नाम-कौमुदी-कारैर् अङ्गीकृतम् । तथा समाहृत-सहस्र-नाम-त्रिर्-आवृत्ति-शक्तेः कृष्ण-नामोच्चारण-वश्यं मन्तव्यम् । अत्र देवदेवस्य यद् अभिरुचितं प्रियं नाम तत् सर्वार्थेषु योजयेद् इत्य् अपि केचिद् व्याचक्षते । यथा हरेः प्रियेण गोविन्द-नाम्ना निहतानि सद्यः इति । ननु बृहत्-सहस्र-नाम-स्तोत्रं नित्यम् एव पठन्तीं देवीं प्रति सहस्र- नाम-तत्-तुल्यं राम-नाम वरानने इत्य् आद्य्-उपपत्त्या राम-नाम्नैव सहस्र-नाम-फलं भवतीति बोधयन् श्री-महादेवस् तत्-सहस्र- नामान्तर्गत-कृष्ण-नाम्नाम् अपि गौणत्वं बोधयति । तर्हि कथं ब्रह्माण्ड-वचनम् अविरुद्धं भवति । उच्यते प्रस्तुतस्य बृहत्-सहस्र- नाम-स्तोत्रस्यैवैकया वृत्त्या यत् फलं तद् भवतीति राम-नाम्नि प्रौढिः । कृष्ण-नाम्नि तु द्विगाव-सम्भवात् सहस्र-नाम्नाम् इति बहु- वचनात् तादृशानां बहूनां सहस्र-नाम-स्तोत्राणां त्रिर्-आवृत्त्या तु यत् फलं तद् भवतीति ततोऽपि महती प्रौढिः । अतएव तत्र समस्त-जप-यज्ञानां फलदं पाप-नाशनम् । शृणु देवि प्रवक्ष्यामि नाम्नाम् अष्टोत्तरं शतम् ॥ इत्य् उक्त्वा अन्येषाम् अपि जपानां वेदाद्य्-उक्तानां फलम् अन्तर्भावितम् । ततश् च प्रौङ्ह्याधिक्याद् उत्तरस्य पूर्वस्माद् बलवत्त्वे सति पूर्वस्य महिमापि तद्-अविरुद्ध एव व्याख्येयः । तदा हि यद्यप्य् एवम् एव श्री- कृष्णवत् तन्-नाम्नोऽपि सर्वतः शक्ति-पूर्णतया सर्वेषाम् अपि नाम्नाम् अवयवित्वम् एव तथापि अवयव-साधारण्येन फलं भवेत् । यथा साक्षान्- मुक्तेर् अपि दातुः श्री-विष्णोर् आधानस्य यज्ञाङ्गत्वेन क्रियमाणस्य स्वर्ग- मात्र-प्रदत्वम् । यथा वा वेद-जपतस् तद्-अन्तर्गत-भगवन्-मन्त्रेणापि न ब्रह्म-लोकाधिक-फल-प्राप्तिः । यथात्रैव तावत् केवलं राम-नामैव सकृद् वदतोऽपि बृहत्-सहस्र-नाम-फलम् अन्तर्भूत-राम-नामैकोन- सहस्र-नामकं सम्पूर्णम् । बृहत्-सहस्र-नामापि पठतो बृहत्-सहस्र- नाम-फलं न त्व् अधिकम् एकोन-सहस्र-नाम-फलम् इति । अतएव साधारणानां केशवादि-नाम्नापि तदीयता-वैलक्षण्येनागृह्यमाणानाम् अवतारान्तर-नाम-साधारण-फलम् एव ज्ञेयम् । नाम-कौमुद्यां तु सर्वानर्थ-क्षय एव ज्ञानाज्ञान-विशेषो निषिद्धः न तु प्रेमादि-फल- तारतम्ये । तद् एवं कृष्ण-नाम्नः साधारण-फल-दत्त्वे सति - सहस्र- नामभिस् तुल्यं राम-नाम वरानन इत्य् अपि युक्तम् उक्तम् । वस्तुतस् त्व् एवं सर्वावतारावतारिणाम् अभ्यः श्री-कृष्ण-नाम्नोऽभ्यधिकं फलं स्वयं भगवत्त्वात् तस्य । ननु यथा दर्श-पौर्णमास्याद्य्-अङ्ग-भूतया पूर्णाहूत्या सर्वान् कामान् अवाप्नोति इत्य् आदाव् अर्थवादत्वं तथैवात्रोभयत्रापि भविष्यतीति चेत्, न । बृहत्-सहस्र-नाम-स्तोत्रं पठित्वैव भोजन-कारिणीं देवीं प्रति राम- नामैव सकृत् कीर्तयित्वा कृत-कृत्या सती मया सह भुङ्क्ष्वेति साक्षाद्- भोजने श्री-महादेवेन प्रवर्तनात् । कृष्ण्-नाम्नि तु तथार्थ-वादत्वं दूरोत्सारितम् एवेति ॥ [एन्द् सर्व-संवादिनी] इत्थम् एव श्री-कृष्णस्यैवासमोर्द्ध्व-महिमत्वात् स्वयम् एव तेनापि सकल- भक्त-वृन्द-वन्दित-भगवत्-प्रणयं श्रीमद्-अर्जुनं प्रति सर्व- शास्त्रार्थ-सार-भूत-श्री-गीतोपसंहार-वाक्ये निजाखिल-प्रादुर्भावान्तर- भजनम् अतिक्रम्य स्व-भजनम् एव सर्व-गुह्यतमत्वेनोपदिष्टम् । यथाह - कर्तुं नेच्छसि यन् मोहात् करिष्यस्य् अवशोऽपि तद् [गीता १८.६०] इत्य् अनन्तरम् - ईश्वरः सर्व-भूतानां हृद्-देशे ऽर्जुन तिष्ठति । भ्रामयन् सर्व-भूतानि यन्त्रारूढानि मायया ॥ तम् एव शरणं गच्छ सर्व-भावेन भारत । तत्-प्रसादात् परां शान्तिं स्थानं प्राप्स्यसि शाश्वतम् ॥ इति ते ज्ञानम् आख्यातं गुह्याद् गुह्यतरं मया । विमृश्यैतद् अशेषेण यथेच्छसि तथा कुरु ॥ सर्व-गुह्यतमं भूयः शृणु मे परमं वचः । इष्टो ऽसि मे दृढम् इति ततो वक्ष्यामि ते हितम् ॥ मन्-मना भव मद्-भक्तो मद्-याजी मां नमस्कुरु । माम् एवैष्यसि सत्यं ते प्रतिजाने प्रियो ऽसि मे ॥ सर्व-धर्मान् परित्यज्य माम् एकं शरणं व्रज । अहं त्वा सर्व-पापेभ्यो मोक्षयिष्यामि मा शुचः ॥ [गीता १८.६१-६६] एषाम् अर्थः - अशोच्यान् अन्वशोचस् त्वम् इत्य् आदि [गीता २.११] ग्रन्थो न युद्धाभिधायकः, यतः कर्तुम् इत्यादि ततः परमार्थाभिधायक एवायं तत्रापि गुह्यतरं सर्व-गुह्यतमं च शृणु इत्य् आह । ईश्वर इत्य् आदि । य एक सर्वान्तर्यामी ईश्वरः स एव सर्वाणि संसार-यन्त्रारुढानि भूतानि मायया भ्रामयन् तेषाम् एव हृद्-देशे तिष्ठति सर्व-भावेन पुरुष एवदं सर्वम् [श्वेतु ३.१५] इति भावनायाः सर्वेन्द्रिय-प्रवणतया वा परां शान्तिं तदीयां परमां भक्तिं शमो मन्-निष्ठता बुद्धेर् [भ्प् ११.१९.३६] इत्य् उक्तेः । स्थानं तदीयं धाम गुह्याद् ब्रह्म-ज्ञानाद् अपि गुह्यतरं द्वयोः प्रकर्षे तरप् । अथेदम् अपि निजैकान्त-भक्त-वराय तस्मै न पर्याप्तम् इति अवध्याय स्वयम् एव महा-कृपा-भरेणोद्घाटित-परम-रहस्यः श्री-भगवान् अन्याम् अपि प्रद्युम्न-सङ्कर्षण-वासुदेव-परम-व्योमाधिप-लक्षण- भजनीय-तारतम्य-गम्यां भजन-क्रम-भूमिकाम् अतिक्रम्यैव सर्वतोऽप्य् उपादेयम् एव सहसोपदिशति सर्व-गुह्यतमं भूयः [१८.६४] इति । यद्यपि गुह्यतमत्वोक्तेर् एव गुह्य-गुह्यतराभ्याम् अपि प्रकृष्टम् इदम् इत्य् आयाति तथापि सर्व-शब्द-प्रयोगो गुह्यतमम् अपि परम-व्योमाधिपादि- भजनार्थ-शास्त्रान्तर-वाक्यम् अत्येति, तस्य यावद्-अर्थ-वृत्तिकत्वात् । बहूनां प्रकर्षे तमप् । अतएव परमम् । स्व-कृत-तादृश-हितोपदेश- श्रवणे हेतुम् आह इष्टोऽसि मे दृढम् इतीति । परमाप्तस्य ममैतादृशं वाक्यं त्वयावश्यं श्रोतव्यम् इति भाव इत्य् अर्थः । स्वस्य च तादृश-रहस्य-प्रकाशने हेतुम् आह तत इति । ततस् तादृशेष्टत्वाद् एव हेतोः । तद् एवम् औत्सुक्यम् उच्छलय्य किं तद् इत्य् अपेक्षायां सप्रणयाश्रु-कृताञ्जलिम् एतं प्रत्य् आह मन्-मना इति । मयि त्वन्-मित्रतया साक्षाद् अस्मिन् स्थिते श्री-कृष्णे मनो यस्य तथाविधो भव । एवं मद्- भक्तो मद्-एक-तात्पर्यको भवेत्य् आदि । सर्वत्र मच्-छब्दावृत्त्या मद्- भजनस्यैव नाना-प्रकारतया आवृत्तिः कर्तव्या । न त्व् ईश्वर-तत्त्व-मात्र- भजनस्येति बोध्यते । साधनानुरूपम् एव फलम् आह माम् एवैष्यसीति । अनेनैव-कारेणाप्य् आत्मनः सर्व-श्रेष्ठत्वं सूचितम् । अन्यस्य (पगे ३२) का वार्ता माम् एवेति । एतद् एव फलं श्री-परीक्षितापि व्यक्तीकरिष्यते कलिं प्रति । यस् त्वं कृष्णे गते दूरं सह गाण्डीव-धन्वना । शोच्योऽस्य् अशोच्यान् रहसि प्रहरन् वधम् अर्हसि ॥ [भ्प् १.१७.६] इति । सत्यं ते इत्य् अनेनात्रार्थे तुभ्यम् एव शपेऽहम् इति प्रणय-विशेषो दर्शितः । पुनर् अप्य् अतिकृपया सर्व-गुह्यतमम् इत्य् आदि वाक्यार्थानां पुष्ट्य्-अर्थम् आह प्रतिजाने इति । ननु नाना-प्रतिबन्ध-विक्षिप्तस्य मम कथं त्वन्-मनस्त्वादिकम् एव सिध्येत् तत्राह सर्वेति । सर्व-शब्देन नित्य-पर्यन्ता धर्माः विवक्षिताः । परि-शब्देन तेषां स्वरूपतोऽपि त्यागः समर्थितः । पापानि प्रतिबन्धास् तद्-आज्ञया परित्यागे पापानुत्पत्तेः । तद् एव व्यतिरेकेन द्रढयति मा शुच इति । तत्र -- अशोच्यान् अन्वशोचस् त्वं प्रज्ञा-वादांश् च भाषसे । गतासून् अगतासूंश् च नानुशोचन्ति पण्डिताः ॥ [गीता २.११] इत्य् उपक्रम-वाक्ये तस्यापण्डितत्वं व्यज्य शोक-परित्यागेन मत्- कृतोपदेशम् एव गृहाणेति विवक्षितम् । ततश् च तारतम्य-ज्ञानार्थम् एव बहुधोपदिश्यापि महोपसंहार-वाक्य-स्थस्य त्व् अस्योपदेशस्य परमत्वं निर्दिश्य शोक-परित्यागेन तम् एतम् एवोपदेशं त्वं गृहाणेति द्वयोर् वाक्ययोर् एकार्थ-प्रवृत्तत्वम् अपि स्पष्टम् । सर्व-संवादिनी -- अथ ईश्वरः सर्व-भूतानाम् इत्य् आदि-श्री-गीता-पद्य- षट्के व्याख्यानान्तरम् एव व्याख्येयम् । तथा हि - अत्र कश्चिद् वदति ईश्वरः सर्व-भूतानाम् इत्य् आदौ सर्व एवेदम् ईश्वर इति भावेन यद्- भजनं, तत्र ज्ञानांश-स्पर्शः । इह तु मन्मना भवेत्यादि-शुद्धैव भक्तिर् उपदिष्टेत्य् अत एव सर्वगुह्यत्मत्वम् । किं वा पूर्वेण वाक्येन परोक्षतयैवेश्वरम् उद्दिश्यापरेण तम् एवापरोक्षतया निर्दिष्टवान् इत्य् अत एव न च वक्तवयम् । पूर्वम् अपि -- मन्-मना भव मद्-भक्तो मद्-याजी मां नमस्कुरु । माम् एवैष्यसि युक्त्वैवम् आत्मानं मत्परायणः ॥ [९.३४] इत्य् आदिभिः शुद्ध-भजनस्योक्तत्वात् । तथापि अधियज्ञोऽहम् एवात्र देहे देह-भृतां वरः [गीता ८.४] इत्य् आदौ च स्वस्यान्तर्यामित्वेन चोक्तत्वात् । सर्व-गुह्यतमत्व-गुह्यतरत्वयोर् अनुपपत्तिर् इति । यद् यद् एव पूर्वं सामान्यतयोक्तं तस्यैवान्ते विविच्य निर्दिष्टत्वात् । उच्यते - न तावद् भजन- तारतम्यम् । अत्र भजनीय-तारतम्यस्यापि सम्भवे गौण-मुख्य- न्यायेन भजनीय एवार्थ-सम्प्रतीतेः । मुख्यत्वं च तस्य फलम् अत उपपत्तेर् इति [व्स् ३.२.२९] न्यायेन । विशेषतस् तु तच्-छब्देन न स्वयम् एव तद्- रूप इति मच्-छब्देन स्वयम् एवैतद्-रूप इति च भेदस्य विद्यमानत्वात् उपदेश-द्वये निजेनौदासीन्येनावेशेन च लिङ्गेनापूर्णत्वोपलम्भनात् । फल-भेद-व्यपदेशेनैव-कारेण च तद्-अर्थस्यैव पुष्टत्वात् । साक्षाद् एव भजनीय-तारतम्यम् उपलभ्यते । वस्तुतस् तु सर्व-भावेनेत्य् अस्य सर्वेन्द्रिय-प्रवणतयेत्य् एवार्थः । गौण-मुख्य-न्यायेनैव ज्ञान- मिश्रस्य सर्वात्मता-भावना-लक्षण-भजन-रूपार्थस्य बाधितत्वात् । स्थानं प्राप्स्यसि शाश्वतम् इति लोक-विशेष-प्राप्तेर् एव निर्दिष्टत्वात् । तस्मान् न च भजनावृत्ति-तारतम्यावकाशः । न च भजनीयस्यैव परोक्षापरोक्षतया निर्देशयोस् तारतम्यम् । तदैव तया प्राचीनयार्वाचीनया चानया गति-क्रियया सङ्कोच-वृत्तिर् इयं कल्पनीया । यद्य् अन्तर्यामिणः सकाशाद् अन्या परावस्था न श्रूयते, शास्त्रे श्रूयते तु तद्-अवस्थातः परा, ततोऽपि परा च सर्वत्र । अत्रैव तावत् साधिभूताधिदैवं मां चाधियज्ञं च ये विदुः [गीता ७.३०] इत्य् आदौ भेद-व्यपदेशात् । तत्र सह-युक्तेऽप्रधाने [पाण् २.३.१७] इति स्मरणेनाधियज्ञस्यान्तर्-यामिणः सहार्थ-तृतीयान्ततया लब्ध-समास- पदस्य स्वस्माद् अप्रधानत्वोक्तेस् ततः परत्वं श्री-कृष्णस्य व्यक्तम् एव । अधियज्ञोऽहम् एवात्र [गीता ८.४] इत्य् आदौ च तद् एव व्यज्यते । एष वै भगवान् द्रोणः प्रजा-रूपेण वर्तते [भ्प् १.७.४५] इतिवत् । तस्माद् भजनीय- तारतम्य-विवक्षयैवोपदेश-तारतम्यं सिद्धम् । एष तु वातिवदति यः सत्येनातिवदति [छाउ ७.१६.१] इतिवत् यः सत्येन ब्रह्मणैव प्रतिपाद्य- भूतेन सर्वं वादिनम् अतिक्रम्य वदति एष एव सर्वम् अतिक्रम्य वदतीत्य् अर्थः । तद् एवम् अर्थे सति यथा तत्र वादस्यातिशायिता-लिङ्गेन नामादि- प्राण-पर्यन्तानि तत्-प्रकरण उत्तरोत्तर-भूमतयोपदिष्टान्य् अपि सर्वाणि वस्तून्य् अतिक्रम्य ब्रह्मण एव भूमत्वं साध्यते तद्वद् अत्राप्य् उपदेशाधिक्येन प्रतिपाद्याधिक्यम् इति । अतः श्री-कृष्णस्यैवाधिक्यम् इत्य् अन्तेऽप्य् उक्तम् इति दिक् । [एन्द् सर्व-संवादिनी] अतः श्री-कृष्णस्यैवाधिक्यं सिद्धम् । अतएव असद्-व्यपदेशान् नेति चेन् न धर्मान्तरेण वाक्य-शेषाद् [व्स्. २.१.१७] इति न्यायाद् उपसंहारस्यैवोपक्रमार्थस्य च सर्व-शास्त्रार्थत्वात् तत्रोक्तं विश्व- रूपम् अभि तद्-अधीनाम् एव । तच् च युक्तम् । तेनैव दर्शितत्वात् । तत्र च - इत्य् अर्जुनं वासुदेवस् तथोक्त्वा स्वकं रूपं दर्शयाम् आस भूयः ॥ [गीता ११.५०] इत्य् नराकार-चतुर्भुज-रूपस्यैव स्वकत्व-निर्देशात् । तद् विश्व-रूपं न तस्य साक्षात् स्वरूपम् इति स्पष्टम् । अतएव परम-भक्तस्यार्जुनस्यापि न तद्-अभीष्टम्, किन्तु तदीयं स्वयं रूपम् एवाभीष्टम् । अदृष्ट-पूर्वं हृषितो ऽस्मि दृष्ट्वा भयेन च प्रव्यथितं मनो मे [गीता ११.४५] । इत्य् आद्य् उक्तेः । तद्-दर्शनार्थम् अर्जुनं प्रति दिव्य-दृष्टि-दान-लिङ्गेन तस्यैव माहात्म्यम् इति तु बाल-कोलाहलः । नराकृति परं ब्रह्म इति, तद् अमितं ब्रह्माद्वयं शिष्यते इति [भ्प् १०.१४.१८], यन्-मित्रं परमानन्दम् [भ्प् १०.१४.३२] इति, स एव नित्यात्म-सुखानुभूत्य्-अभि-व्युदस्त-मायः [भ्प् १०.१२.३९] इति, स त्वं विभो कथम् इहाक्ष-पथः प्रतीत इति च, तथा ब्रह्मणो हि प्रतिष्ठाहम् [गीता १४.२७] इति, नाहं प्रकाशः सर्वस्य [गीता ७.२५] इति च श्रवणेन प्रकृष्ट-दृष्टेस् तत्राप्य् अकरणत्वाद् भगवच्-छक्ति-विशेष- संवलित-दृष्टेर् एव तत्र करणत्वात् । ततस् तस्या दृष्टेर् दिव्यत्वं दानं च नराकार-पर-ब्रह्म-दर्शन-हेतु-लक्षणायास् तत्-स्वाभाविक-दृष्टेर् अन्यासौ देव-वपुर् दर्शन-हेतुर् इत्य् अपेक्षयाइव । तच् च नराकृति-पर- ब्रह्म दिव्य-दृष्टिभिर् अपि दुर्दर्शम् इत्य् उक्तम् - सुदुर्दर्शम् इदं रूपं दृष्टवान् असि यन् मम । देवा अप्य् अस्य रूपस्य नित्यं दर्शनकाङ्क्षिणः ॥ [गीता ११.५२] इत्य् आदिना । किन्तु भक्त्यैव सुदर्शनम् इत्य् अप्य् उक्तम् । भक्त्या त्व् अनन्यया शक्य अहम् एवंविधो ऽर्जुन । ज्ञातुं द्रष्टुं च तत्त्वेन प्रवेष्टुं च परंतप ॥ [गीता ११.५४] इत्य् आदिना । न च सुदुर्दर्शम् (पगे ३३) इत्य् आदिकं विश्व-रूप-परम् । दृष्ट्वेदं मानुषं रूपम् [गीता ११.५१] इत्य् आदेर् एवाव्यवहित-पूर्वोक्तत्वात् विश्व-रूप- प्रकरणस्य तद्-व्यवधानाच् च । तथा चैकादशे सर्वेषां देवादीनाम् आगमने व्यचक्षतावितृप्ताक्षाः कृष्णम् अद्भुत-दर्शनम् [भ्प् ११.६.५] इति । तत्रैवान्यत्र गोविन्द-भुज-गुप्तायाम् [भ्प् ११.२.१] इत्य् आदि । सप्तमे यूयं नृलोके [७.१०.४८] इत्यादि च । तृतीये च विस्मापनं स्वस्य च [३.२.१२] । अत उपसंहारानुरोधेन स्व-वाक्य-तात्पर्येण चास्यापि प्रकरणस्य श्री- कृष्ण-परत्वम् एव । तस्मात् श्री-कृष्ण-गीतासु च श्री-कृष्णस्यैव स्वयं भगवत्त्वं सिद्धम् । तद् उक्तम् -- एकं शास्त्रं देवकी-पुत्र-गीतम् एको देवो देवकी-पुत्र एव । कर्माप्य् एकं देवकी-पुत्र-सेवा मन्त्रोऽप्य् एको देवकी-पुत्र-नाम ॥ इति । तथा श्री-गोपाल-पूर्व-तापनी-श्रुताव् अपि मुनयो ह वै ब्रह्माणम् ऊचुः, कः परमो देवः [ग्तु १.२] इत्य् आद्य्-अनन्तरं तद् उ होवाच ब्राह्मणः । कृष्णो वै परमं दैवतम् [ग्तु १.३] इत्य् आदि । उपसंहारे च - तस्मात् कृष्ण एव परो देवस् तं ध्यायेत् तं रसेत् तं यजेद् इत्य् ॐ तत् सद् [ग्तु १.४९] इति । किं बहुना सर्वावतारावतारि-विलक्षणा महा-भगवत्ता-मुद्राः साक्षाद् एव तत्र वर्तन्त इति श्रूयते पाद्माध्याय-त्रयेण । यथा तदीया कियन्तः श्लोकाः । ब्रह्मोवाच - शृणु नारद वक्ष्यामि पादयोश् चिह्न-लक्षणम् । भगवत्-कृष्ण-रूपस्य ह्य् आनन्दैक-घनस्य च ॥ अवतारा ह्य् असङ्ख्येयाः कथिता मे तवानघ । परं सम्यक् प्रवक्ष्यामि कृष्णस् तु भगवान् स्वयम् ॥ देवानां कार्य-सिद्ध्य्-अर्थम् ऋषीणां च तथैव च । आविर्भूतस् तु भगवान् स्वानां प्रिय-चिकीर्षया ॥ यैर् एव ज्ञायते देवो भगवान् भक्त-वत्सलः । तान्य् अहं वेद नान्योऽस्ति सत्यम् एतन् मयोदितम् ॥ षोडशैव तु चिह्नानि मया दृष्टानि तत्-पदे । दक्षिणेनाष्ट-चिह्नानि इतरे सप्त एव च ॥ ध्वजाः पद्मं तथा वज्रम् अङ्कुशो यव एव च । स्वस्तिकं चोर्ध्व-रेखा च अष्ट-कोणस् तथैव च ॥ सप्तान्यानि प्रवक्ष्यामि साम्प्रतं वैष्णवोत्तम । इन्द्र-चापं त्रिकोणं च कलसं चार्ध-चन्द्रकम् ॥ अम्बरं मत्स्य-चिह्नं च गोष्पदं सप्तमं स्मृतम् । अङ्कान्य् एतानि भो विद्वन् दृश्यन्ते तु यदा कदा ॥ कृष्णाख्यं तु परं ब्रह्म भुवि जातं न संशयः । द्वयं वाथ त्रयं वाथ चत्वारः पञ्च एव वा ॥ दृश्यन्ते वैष्णव-श्रेष्ठ अवतारे कथञ्चन ॥ इत्य् आदि । षोडशं तु तथा चिह्नं शृणु देवर्षि-सप्तम् । जम्बू-फल-समाकारं दृश्यते यत्र कुत्रचित् ॥ इत्य् अन्तम् । सर्व-संवादिनी: अथ शृणु नारद प्रवक्ष्यामीत्य्-आदि-चरण-चिह्न- प्रतिपादक-पाद्म-वचनान्तं आदि-शब्दाद् एतान्य् अपि पद्यानि ज्ञेयानि । मध्ये ध्वजा तु विज्ञेया पद्मं त्र्याङ्गुलम् आनतः । वज्रं वै दक्षिणे पार्श्वे अङ्कुशो वै तद्-अग्रतः ॥ यवोऽप्य् अङ्गुष्ठ-मूले स्यात् स्वस्तिकं यत्र कुत्रचित् । आदिं चरणम् आरभ्य यावद् वै मध्यमा स्थिता ॥ तावद् वै चोर्ध्व-रेखा च कथिता पाद्म-संज्ञके । अष्ट-कोणं तु भो वत्स मानं चाष्टाङ्गुलैश् च तत् ॥ निर्दिष्टं दक्षिणे पादे इत्य् आहुर् मुनयः किल । एवं पादस्य चिह्नानि तान्य् एव वैष्णवोत्तम ॥ दक्षिणेतर-स्थानानि संवदामीह साम्प्रतम् । चतुरङ्गुल-मानेन त्व् अङ्गुलीनां समीपतः ॥ इन्द्र-चापं ततो विद्याद् अन्यत्र न भवेत् क्वचित् । त्रिकोणं मध्य-निर्दिष्टं कलसो यत्र कुत्रचित् ॥ अष्टाङ्गुल-प्रमाणेन तद् भवेद् अर्ध-चन्द्रकम् । अर्ध-चन्द्र-समाकारं निर्दिष्टं तस्य सुव्रत ॥ बिन्दुर् वै मत्स्य-चिह्नं च आद्यन्ते वै निरूपितम् । गोष्पदं तेषु विज्ञेयम् आद्याङ्गुल-प्रमाणतः ॥ इत्य् आदि । तद्-अग्रे च - षोडशं तु तथा चिह्नं शृणु देवर्षि-सत्तम । जम्बू-फल-समाकारं दृश्यते यत्र कुत्रचित् । तच् चिह्नं षोडशं प्रोक्तम् इत्य् आहुर् मुनयोऽनघाः ॥ इति । अत्र वैष्णवोत्तमेत्य्-आदिकं श्री-नारद-सम्बोधनम् । यदा कदेति यदा कदाचिद् एवेत्य् अर्थः । मध्यमा-पार्ष्णि-पर्यन्तयोः समदेशो मध्यस् तत्र ध्वजा ध्वजः । त्र्य्-अङ्गुल-मानतः । पादाग्रे त्र्य्-अङ्गुल-प्रमाण- देशं परित्यज्येत्य् अर्थः । पद्यस्याधो ध्वजं धत्ते सर्वानर्थ-जय- ध्वजम् इति स्कान्द-संवादात् । अत्र कुत्रचित् परित इत्य् अर्थः आदिम् अङ्गुष्ठ तर्जनी-सन्धिम् आरभ्य मध्यमा यावत् तावद् ऊर्ध्व-रेखा व्यवस्थिता पाद्म-संज्ञके पुराणे कथितेत्य् अर्थः । अष्टाङ्गुलैर् मानं तद् इति मध्यमाङ्गुल्य्-अग्राद् अष्टाङ्गुल-मानं परित्यज्येत्य् अर्थः । तावद् विस्तारत्वेन व्याख्यायां स्थानासमावेशः । अतएव पूर्वम् अपि तथा व्याख्यातम् । एवम् उत्तरत्रापि ज्ञेयम् । इन्द्र-चापं त्रिकोणार्ध-चन्द्रकाणि क्रमाद् अधोऽअधोभाग- स्थानानि । अन्यत्रेति । श्री-कृष्णाद् अन्यत्रेत्य् अर्थः । बिन्दुर् अम्बरं । आदौ चरणस्यादिदेश तद्-अङ्गुल-समीपे बिन्दुः । अन्ते पार्ष्णि-देशे मत्स्य-चिह्नं षोडश-चिह्नम् उभयोर् अपि ज्ञेयम् । दक्षिणाद्य्-अनियमेनोक्तत्वात् । अत्र दक्षिणाङ्गुष्ठाधश् चक्रं वामाङ्गुष्ठाधस् तन् मुखं दरं च स्कान्दोक्तानुसारेण । ते हि श्री-कृष्णेऽप्य् अन्यत्र श्रूयते । यथा आदि-वाराहे मथुरा-मण्डल-माहात्म्ये - यत्र कृष्णेन संकीर्णं क्रीडितं च यथा-सुखम् । चक्राङ्कित-पदा तेन स्थाने ब्रह्म-मये शुभे ॥ इति । श्री-गोपाल-तापन्यां -- शङ्ख-ध्वजातपत्रैस् तु चिह्नितं च पद-द्वयम् [ग्तु २.६२] इति । आतपत्रम् इदं चक्राधस्ताज् ज्ञेयम् । दक्षिणस्य प्राधान्यात् तत्रैव स्थान-समावेशाच् च । अङ्गुलि-परिमाण-मात्र-दैर्घ्याच् चतुर्दशांशेन तद्-विस्तारात् । षष्ठांशेन ज्ञेयम् । अन्यत्र दैर्घ्ये चतुर्दशाङ्गुलि-परिमाणत्वेन विस्तारे षड्-अङ्गुलि-परिमाणत्वेन प्रसिद्धेर् इति । [एन्द् सर्व-संवादिनी] तस्माद् अस्त्य् एव स्वयं भगवत्त्वं श्री-कृष्णस्यैव । [वृ. हेरे रेअद्स् -- तथा च ब्रह्म-वैवर्ते भगवद्-अवतार-प्रसङ्गे सूत- वाक्यम्-- अवतारा ह्य् असङ्ख्येया आसन् सत्त्व-स्वभाविनः । विशतिस् तेषु मुख्यान् यान् श्रुत्वा मुच्येन् महांहसः ॥ इत्य् आदिना प्रायशः श्री-भागवतवत् श्री-कृष्ण-संहितांस् तान् गणयित्वा पुनर् आह - नर-सिंहादयोऽन्येऽपि सर्व-पाप-विनाशनाः । यद्-विभूति-विशेषेणालङ्कृतं भुवि जायते । तत् सर्वम् अवगन्तव्यं कृष्णांशांश-समुद्भवम् ॥ [एन्द् वृ. सेच्तिओन्] तद् इत्थं सर्वम् अभिप्रेत्य महोपक्रमं श्लोकम् एव श्री-विष्णु-पुराणीय- भगवच्-छब्द-निरुक्तिवत् साक्षात् श्री-कृष्णाभिधेयत्वेनापि योजयति जन्माद्यस्य [भ्प् १.१.१] इति । नराकृति (पगे ३४) परं ब्रह्म इति [वृ. रेअद्स् हेरे: पुराण-वर्गात्, तस्मात् कृष्ण एव परो देवः [ग्तु १.४९] इति गोपाल-तापनी-श्रुतेश् च । [एन्द् वृ. अद्दितिओन्] परं श्री-कृष्णं धीमहि । अस्य स्वरूप-लक्षणम् आह सत्यम् इति । सत्य-व्रतं सत्य-परं त्रि-सत्यम् [भ्प् १०.२.२६] इत्य् आदौ तथा-श्रुतत्वात् । [वृ. रेअद्स् हेरे: ô सत्ये प्रतिष्ठितः कृष्णः सत्यम् अत्र प्रतिष्ठितम् । सत्यात् सत्यं च गोविन्दस् तस्मात् सत्यो हि नामतः ॥ [म्भ् ५.६८.१२] इत्य् उद्यम-पर्वणि सञ्जय-कृत-श्री-कृष्ण-नाम-निरुक्तौ च तथा श्रुतत्वात् । [एन्द् वृ. अद्दितिओन्] एतेन तद्-आकारस्याव्यभिचारित्वं दर्शितम् । तटस्थ-लक्षणम् आह धाम्ना स्वेन इत्य् आह । स्वेन स्व-स्वरूपेण धाम्ना श्री-मथुराख्येन सदा निरस्तं कुहकं माया-कार्य-लक्षणं येन तम् । मथ्यते तु जगत् सर्वं ब्रह्म-ज्ञानेन येन वा । तत्-सार-भूतं यद् यस्यां मथुरा सा निगद्यते ॥ [ग्तु २.६६] इति गोपालोत्तर-तापनी-प्रसिद्धेः । लीलाम् आह आद्यस्य नित्यम् एव श्रीमद्-आनकदुन्दुभि-व्रजेश्वर- नन्दनतया श्री-मथुरा-द्वारका-गोकुलेषु विराजमानस्यैव तस्य कस्मैचिद् अर्थाय लोके प्रादुर्भावापेक्षया । यतः श्रीमद्-आनकदुन्दुभि- गृहाज् जन्म तस्माद् य इतरतश् च इतरत्र श्री-व्रजेश्वर-गृहेऽपि अन्वयात् पुत्र-भावतस् तद्-अनुगतत्वेनागच्छत् । उत्तरेणैव य इति पदेनान्वयः । यत इत्य् अनेन तस्माद् इति स्वयम् एव लभ्यते । कथम् अन्वयात् ? तत्राह - अर्थेषु कंस-वञ्चनादिषु तादृश-भाववद्भिः श्री-गोकुल-वासिभिर् एव सर्वानन्द-कदम्ब-कादम्बिनी-रूपा सा सा कापि लीला सिध्यतीति तल्-लक्षणेषु वा अर्थेषु अभिज्ञः । ततश् च स्वराट् स्वैर् गोकुल-वासिभिर् एव राजते इति । तत्र तेषां प्रेम-वशताम् आपन्नस्याप्य् अव्याह । तद्-ऐश्वर्यम् आह तेन इति । य आदि-कवये ब्रह्मणे ब्रह्माणं विस्मापयितुं हृदा सङ्कल्प-मात्रेणैव ब्रह्म-सत्य-ज्ञानानन्तानन्द- मात्रैक-रस-मूर्ति-मयं वैभवं तेने विस्तारितवान् । यद् यतस् तथाविध- लौकिकालौकिकता-समुचित-लीला-हेतोः सूरयस् तद्-भक्ता मुह्यन्ति प्रेमातिशयोदयेन वैवश्यम् आप्नुवन्ति । यद् इत्य् उत्तरेणाप्य् अन्वयात् । यद् यत एव तदृश-लीलातस् तेजो-वारि-मृदाम् अपि यथा यथावद् विनिमयो भवति । तत्र तेजसश् चान्द्रादेर् विनिमयो निस्तेजो-वस्तुभिः सह धर्म-परिवर्तः । तत् श्री-मुखादि-रुचा चन्द्रादेर् निस्तेजस्त्वाविधानात् निकट-स्थ-निस्तेजो- वस्तुनः स्वभासा तेजस्वितापादनाच् च । तथा वारि द्रवश् च कठिनं भवति । वेणु-वाद्येन मृत्-पाषाणादिः द्रवतीति । यतः श्री-कृष्णे त्रि-सर्गः श्री-गोकुल-मथुरा-द्वारका-वैभव-प्रकाशः अमृषा सत्य एवेति । ॥ १.१ ॥ वेद-व्यासः ॥ ८२ ॥

[82] yasmād evaṃ sarvato'pi tasyotkarṣas tasmād evānyatas tadīya-nāmādīnām api mahimādhikyam iti gati-sāmānyāntaraṃ ca labhyate | tatra nāmno yathā brahmāṇḍa-purāṇe śrī-kṛṣṇāṣṭottara-śata-nāmāmṛta-stotre - sahasra-nāmnāṃ puṇyānāṃ trir-āvṛttyā tu yat phalam | ekāvṛttyā tu kṛṣṇasya nāmaikaṃ tat prayacchati || iti | vyaktīkriyate cādhika-phalatvaṃ kṛṣṇa-nāmnaḥ pādme pātāla-khaṇḍe śrī- mathurā-māhātmye śrī-mahādevasyaiva vākye - tārakāj jāyate muktiḥ prema-bhaktis tu pārakād iti | pūrvam atra mocakatva-premadatvābhyāṃ tāraka-pāraka-saṃjñe rāma-kṛṣṇa-nāmnor hi vihite | tatra ca rāma-nāmni mocakatva-śaktir evādhikā śrī-kṛṣṇa-nāmni tu mokṣa-sukha-tiraskāri- premānanda-dātṛtva-śaktiḥ samadhiketi bhāvaḥ | ittham evoktaṃ viṣṇu- dharmottare - yac chaktir nāma yat tasya tasminn eva ca vastuni | sādhakaṃ puruṣa-vyāghra saumya-krūreṣu vastuṣu || iti | kiṃ ca śrī-kṛṣṇa-nāmno māhātmyaṃ nigadenaiva śrūyate prabhāsa-purāṇe śrī-nārada-kuśadhvaja-saṃvāde śrī-bhagavad-uktau - nāmnāṃ mukhyatamaṃ nāma kṛṣṇākhyaṃ me parantapa iti | tad evaṃ gati-sāmānyena nāma-mahima- dvārā tan-mahimātiśayaḥ sādhitaḥ | tathā tadīya-guṇa-rūpa-līlā-mathurādi- sthānānām api tat-tac-chāstra-pratipādyamānaiḥ sarvādhika-mahimabhir apy asāv anusandheyaḥ | vistara-bhiyā tu nodāhriyate | (page 31) [Sarva-saṃvādinī: etad anantaraṃ gati-sāmānya-prakaraṇ śrī-kṛṣṇa-nāma- māhātmye sahasra-nāmnām ity ādi-brahmāṇḍa-vākyānantaram eva vyākhyeyam | yathā sarvārtha-śakti-yuktasya deva-devasya cakriṇaḥ | yac cābhirucitaṃ nāma tat sarvārtheṣu yojayet || iti viṣṇu-dharma-dṛṣṭyā sarveṣām eva bhagavan-nāmnāṃ niraṅkuśa- mahimatve sati samāhṛtānām uccāraṇam api nānārthakaṃ saṃskāra-pracaya- hetutvād ekasyaivoccārāra-pracayavad iti nāma-kaumudī-kārair aṅgīkṛtam | tathā samāhṛta-sahasra-nāma-trir-āvṛtti-śakteḥ kṛṣṇa-nāmoccāraṇa-vaśyaṃ mantavyam | atra devadevasya yad abhirucitaṃ priyaṃ nāma tat sarvārtheṣu yojayed ity api kecid vyācakṣate | yathā hareḥ priyeṇa govinda-nāmnā nihatāni sadyaḥ iti | nanu bṛhat-sahasra-nāma-stotraṃ nityam eva paṭhantīṃ devīṃ prati sahasra- nāma-tat-tulyaṃ rāma-nāma varānane ity ādy-upapattyā rāma-nāmnaiva sahasra-nāma-phalaṃ bhavatīti bodhayan śrī-mahādevas tat-sahasra- nāmāntargata-kṛṣṇa-nāmnām api gauṇatvaṃ bodhayati | tarhi kathaṃ brahmāṇḍa-vacanam aviruddhaṃ bhavati | ucyate prastutasya bṛhat-sahasra- nāma-stotrasyaivaikayā vṛttyā yat phalaṃ tad bhavatīti rāma-nāmni prauḍhiḥ | kṛṣṇa-nāmni tu dvigāva-sambhavāt sahasra-nāmnām iti bahu- vacanāt tādṛśānāṃ bahūnāṃ sahasra-nāma-stotrāṇāṃ trir-āvṛttyā tu yat phalaṃ tad bhavatīti tato'pi mahatī prauḍhiḥ | ataeva tatra samasta-japa-yajñānāṃ phaladaṃ pāpa-nāśanam | śṛṇu devi pravakṣyāmi nāmnām aṣṭottaraṃ śatam || ity uktvā anyeṣām api japānāṃ vedādy-uktānāṃ phalam antarbhāvitam | tataś ca prauṅhyādhikyād uttarasya pūrvasmād balavattve sati pūrvasya mahimāpi tad-aviruddha eva vyākhyeyaḥ | tadā hi yadyapy evam eva śrī- kṛṣṇavat tan-nāmno'pi sarvataḥ śakti-pūrṇatayā sarveṣām api nāmnām avayavitvam eva tathāpi avayava-sādhāraṇyena phalaṃ bhavet | yathā sākṣān- mukter api dātuḥ śrī-viṣṇor ādhānasya yajñāṅgatvena kriyamāṇasya svarga- mātra-pradatvam | yathā vā veda-japatas tad-antargata-bhagavan-mantreṇāpi na brahma-lokādhika-phala-prāptiḥ | yathātraiva tāvat kevalaṃ rāma-nāmaiva sakṛd vadato'pi bṛhat-sahasra-nāma-phalam antarbhūta-rāma-nāmaikona- sahasra-nāmakaṃ sampūrṇam | bṛhat-sahasra-nāmāpi paṭhato bṛhat-sahasra- nāma-phalaṃ na tv adhikam ekona-sahasra-nāma-phalam iti | ataeva sādhāraṇānāṃ keśavādi-nāmnāpi tadīyatā-vailakṣaṇyenāgṛhyamāṇānām avatārāntara-nāma-sādhāraṇa-phalam eva jñeyam | nāma-kaumudyāṃ tu sarvānartha-kṣaya eva jñānājñāna-viśeṣo niṣiddhaḥ na tu premādi-phala- tāratamye | tad evaṃ kṛṣṇa-nāmnaḥ sādhāraṇa-phala-dattve sati - sahasra- nāmabhis tulyaṃ rāma-nāma varānana ity api yuktam uktam | vastutas tv evaṃ sarvāvatārāvatāriṇām abhyaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇa-nāmno'bhyadhikaṃ phalaṃ svayaṃ bhagavattvāt tasya | nanu yathā darśa-paurṇamāsyādy-aṅga-bhūtayā pūrṇāhūtyā sarvān kāmān avāpnoti ity ādāv arthavādatvaṃ tathaivātrobhayatrāpi bhaviṣyatīti cet, na | bṛhat-sahasra-nāma-stotraṃ paṭhitvaiva bhojana-kāriṇīṃ devīṃ prati rāma- nāmaiva sakṛt kīrtayitvā kṛta-kṛtyā satī mayā saha bhuṅkṣveti sākṣād- bhojane śrī-mahādevena pravartanāt | kṛṣṇ-nāmni tu tathārtha-vādatvaṃ dūrotsāritam eveti || [End Sarva-saṃvādinī] ittham eva śrī-kṛṣṇasyaivāsamorddhva-mahimatvāt svayam eva tenāpi sakala- bhakta-vṛnda-vandita-bhagavat-praṇayaṃ śrīmad-arjunaṃ prati sarva- śāstrārtha-sāra-bhūta-śrī-gītopasaṃhāra-vākye nijākhila-prādurbhāvāntara- bhajanam atikramya sva-bhajanam eva sarva-guhyatamatvenopadiṣṭam | yathāha - kartuṃ necchasi yan mohāt kariṣyasy avaśo'pi tad [Gītā 18.60] ity anantaram - īśvaraḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ hṛd-deśe 'rjuna tiṣṭhati | bhrāmayan sarva-bhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni māyayā || tam eva śaraṇaṃ gaccha sarva-bhāvena bhārata | tat-prasādāt parāṃ śāntiṃ sthānaṃ prāpsyasi śāśvatam || iti te jñānam ākhyātaṃ guhyād guhyataraṃ mayā | vimṛśyaitad aśeṣeṇa yathecchasi tathā kuru || sarva-guhyatamaṃ bhūyaḥ śṛṇu me paramaṃ vacaḥ | iṣṭo 'si me dṛḍham iti tato vakṣyāmi te hitam || man-manā bhava mad-bhakto mad-yājī māṃ namaskuru | mām evaiṣyasi satyaṃ te pratijāne priyo 'si me || sarva-dharmān parityajya mām ekaṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja | ahaṃ tvā sarva-pāpebhyo mokṣayiṣyāmi mā śucaḥ || [Gītā 18.61-66] eṣām arthaḥ - aśocyān anvaśocas tvam ity ādi [Gītā 2.11] grantho na yuddhābhidhāyakaḥ, yataḥ kartum ityādi tataḥ paramārthābhidhāyaka evāyaṃ tatrāpi guhyataraṃ sarva-guhyatamaṃ ca śṛṇu ity āha | īśvara ity ādi | ya eka sarvāntaryāmī īśvaraḥ sa eva sarvāṇi saṃsāra-yantrāruḍhāni bhūtāni māyayā bhrāmayan teṣām eva hṛd-deśe tiṣṭhati sarva-bhāvena puruṣa evadaṃ sarvam [ŚvetU 3.15] iti bhāvanāyāḥ sarvendriya-pravaṇatayā vā parāṃ śāntiṃ tadīyāṃ paramāṃ bhaktiṃ śamo man-niṣṭhatā buddher [BhP 11.19.36] ity ukteḥ | sthānaṃ tadīyaṃ dhāma guhyād brahma-jñānād api guhyataraṃ dvayoḥ prakarṣe tarap | athedam api nijaikānta-bhakta-varāya tasmai na paryāptam iti avadhyāya svayam eva mahā-kṛpā-bhareṇodghāṭita-parama-rahasyaḥ śrī-bhagavān anyām api pradyumna-saṅkarṣaṇa-vāsudeva-parama-vyomādhipa-lakṣaṇa- bhajanīya-tāratamya-gamyāṃ bhajana-krama-bhūmikām atikramyaiva sarvato'py upādeyam eva sahasopadiśati sarva-guhyatamaṃ bhūyaḥ [18.64] iti | yadyapi guhyatamatvokter eva guhya-guhyatarābhyām api prakṛṣṭam idam ity āyāti tathāpi sarva-śabda-prayogo guhyatamam api parama-vyomādhipādi- bhajanārtha-śāstrāntara-vākyam atyeti, tasya yāvad-artha-vṛttikatvāt | bahūnāṃ prakarṣe tamap | ataeva paramam | sva-kṛta-tādṛśa-hitopadeśa- śravaṇe hetum āha iṣṭo'si me dṛḍham itīti | paramāptasya mamaitādṛśaṃ vākyaṃ tvayāvaśyaṃ śrotavyam iti bhāva ity arthaḥ | svasya ca tādṛśa-rahasya-prakāśane hetum āha tata iti | tatas tādṛśeṣṭatvād eva hetoḥ | tad evam autsukyam ucchalayya kiṃ tad ity apekṣāyāṃ sapraṇayāśru-kṛtāñjalim etaṃ praty āha man-manā iti | mayi tvan-mitratayā sākṣād asmin sthite śrī-kṛṣṇe mano yasya tathāvidho bhava | evaṃ mad- bhakto mad-eka-tātparyako bhavety ādi | sarvatra mac-chabdāvṛttyā mad- bhajanasyaiva nānā-prakāratayā āvṛttiḥ kartavyā | na tv īśvara-tattva-mātra- bhajanasyeti bodhyate | sādhanānurūpam eva phalam āha mām evaiṣyasīti | anenaiva-kāreṇāpy ātmanaḥ sarva-śreṣṭhatvaṃ sūcitam | anyasya (page 32) kā vārtā mām eveti | etad eva phalaṃ śrī-parīkṣitāpi vyaktīkariṣyate kaliṃ prati | yas tvaṃ kṛṣṇe gate dūraṃ saha gāṇḍīva-dhanvanā | śocyo'sy aśocyān rahasi praharan vadham arhasi || [BhP 1.17.6] iti | satyaṃ te ity anenātrārthe tubhyam eva śape'ham iti praṇaya-viśeṣo darśitaḥ | punar apy atikṛpayā sarva-guhyatamam ity ādi vākyārthānāṃ puṣṭy-artham āha pratijāne iti | nanu nānā-pratibandha-vikṣiptasya mama kathaṃ tvan-manastvādikam eva sidhyet tatrāha sarveti | sarva-śabdena nitya-paryantā dharmāḥ vivakṣitāḥ | pari-śabdena teṣāṃ svarūpato'pi tyāgaḥ samarthitaḥ | pāpāni pratibandhās tad-ājñayā parityāge pāpānutpatteḥ | tad eva vyatirekena draḍhayati mā śuca iti | tatra -- aśocyān anvaśocas tvaṃ prajñā-vādāṃś ca bhāṣase | gatāsūn agatāsūṃś ca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ || [Gītā 2.11] ity upakrama-vākye tasyāpaṇḍitatvaṃ vyajya śoka-parityāgena mat- kṛtopadeśam eva gṛhāṇeti vivakṣitam | tataś ca tāratamya-jñānārtham eva bahudhopadiśyāpi mahopasaṃhāra-vākya-sthasya tv asyopadeśasya paramatvaṃ nirdiśya śoka-parityāgena tam etam evopadeśaṃ tvaṃ gṛhāṇeti dvayor vākyayor ekārtha-pravṛttatvam api spaṣṭam | Sarva-saṃvādinī -- atha īśvaraḥ sarva-bhūtānām ity ādi-śrī-gītā-padya- ṣaṭke vyākhyānāntaram eva vyākhyeyam | tathā hi - atra kaścid vadati īśvaraḥ sarva-bhūtānām ity ādau sarva evedam īśvara iti bhāvena yad- bhajanaṃ, tatra jñānāṃśa-sparśaḥ | iha tu manmanā bhavetyādi-śuddhaiva bhaktir upadiṣṭety ata eva sarvaguhyatmatvam | kiṃ vā pūrveṇa vākyena parokṣatayaiveśvaram uddiśyāpareṇa tam evāparokṣatayā nirdiṣṭavān ity ata eva na ca vaktavayam | pūrvam api -- man-manā bhava mad-bhakto mad-yājī māṃ namaskuru | mām evaiṣyasi yuktvaivam ātmānaṃ matparāyaṇaḥ || [9.34] ity ādibhiḥ śuddha-bhajanasyoktatvāt | tathāpi adhiyajño'ham evātra dehe deha-bhṛtāṃ varaḥ [Gītā 8.4] ity ādau ca svasyāntaryāmitvena coktatvāt | sarva-guhyatamatva-guhyataratvayor anupapattir iti | yad yad eva pūrvaṃ sāmānyatayoktaṃ tasyaivānte vivicya nirdiṣṭatvāt | ucyate - na tāvad bhajana- tāratamyam | atra bhajanīya-tāratamyasyāpi sambhave gauṇa-mukhya- nyāyena bhajanīya evārtha-sampratīteḥ | mukhyatvaṃ ca tasya phalam ata upapatter iti [Vs 3.2.29] nyāyena | viśeṣatas tu tac-chabdena na svayam eva tad- rūpa iti mac-chabdena svayam evaitad-rūpa iti ca bhedasya vidyamānatvāt upadeśa-dvaye nijenaudāsīnyenāveśena ca liṅgenāpūrṇatvopalambhanāt | phala-bheda-vyapadeśenaiva-kāreṇa ca tad-arthasyaiva puṣṭatvāt | sākṣād eva bhajanīya-tāratamyam upalabhyate | vastutas tu sarva-bhāvenety asya sarvendriya-pravaṇatayety evārthaḥ | gauṇa-mukhya-nyāyenaiva jñāna- miśrasya sarvātmatā-bhāvanā-lakṣaṇa-bhajana-rūpārthasya bādhitatvāt | sthānaṃ prāpsyasi śāśvatam iti loka-viśeṣa-prāpter eva nirdiṣṭatvāt | tasmān na ca bhajanāvṛtti-tāratamyāvakāśaḥ | na ca bhajanīyasyaiva parokṣāparokṣatayā nirdeśayos tāratamyam | tadaiva tayā prācīnayārvācīnayā cānayā gati-kriyayā saṅkoca-vṛttir iyaṃ kalpanīyā | yady antaryāmiṇaḥ sakāśād anyā parāvasthā na śrūyate, śāstre śrūyate tu tad-avasthātaḥ parā, tato'pi parā ca sarvatra | atraiva tāvat sādhibhūtādhidaivaṃ māṃ cādhiyajñaṃ ca ye viduḥ [Gītā 7.30] ity ādau bheda-vyapadeśāt | tatra saha-yukte'pradhāne [Pāṇ 2.3.17] iti smaraṇenādhiyajñasyāntar-yāmiṇaḥ sahārtha-tṛtīyāntatayā labdha-samāsa- padasya svasmād apradhānatvoktes tataḥ paratvaṃ śrī-kṛṣṇasya vyaktam eva | adhiyajño'ham evātra [Gītā 8.4] ity ādau ca tad eva vyajyate | eṣa vai bhagavān droṇaḥ prajā-rūpeṇa vartate [BhP 1.7.45] itivat | tasmād bhajanīya- tāratamya-vivakṣayaivopadeśa-tāratamyaṃ siddham | eṣa tu vātivadati yaḥ satyenātivadati [ChāU 7.16.1] itivat yaḥ satyena brahmaṇaiva pratipādya- bhūtena sarvaṃ vādinam atikramya vadati eṣa eva sarvam atikramya vadatīty arthaḥ | tad evam arthe sati yathā tatra vādasyātiśāyitā-liṅgena nāmādi- prāṇa-paryantāni tat-prakaraṇa uttarottara-bhūmatayopadiṣṭāny api sarvāṇi vastūny atikramya brahmaṇa eva bhūmatvaṃ sādhyate tadvad atrāpy upadeśādhikyena pratipādyādhikyam iti | ataḥ śrī-kṛṣṇasyaivādhikyam ity ante'py uktam iti dik | [end Sarva-saṃvādinī] ataḥ śrī-kṛṣṇasyaivādhikyaṃ siddham | ataeva asad-vyapadeśān neti cen na dharmāntareṇa vākya-śeṣād [Vs. 2.1.17] iti nyāyād upasaṃhārasyaivopakramārthasya ca sarva-śāstrārthatvāt tatroktaṃ viśva- rūpam abhi tad-adhīnām eva | tac ca yuktam | tenaiva darśitatvāt | tatra ca - ity arjunaṃ vāsudevas tathoktvā svakaṃ rūpaṃ darśayām āsa bhūyaḥ || [Gītā 11.50] ity narākāra-caturbhuja-rūpasyaiva svakatva-nirdeśāt | tad viśva-rūpaṃ na tasya sākṣāt svarūpam iti spaṣṭam | ataeva parama-bhaktasyārjunasyāpi na tad-abhīṣṭam, kintu tadīyaṃ svayaṃ rūpam evābhīṣṭam | adṛṣṭa-pūrvaṃ hṛṣito 'smi dṛṣṭvā bhayena ca pravyathitaṃ mano me [Gītā 11.45] | ity ādy ukteḥ | tad-darśanārtham arjunaṃ prati divya-dṛṣṭi-dāna-liṅgena tasyaiva māhātmyam iti tu bāla-kolāhalaḥ | narākṛti paraṃ brahma iti, tad amitaṃ brahmādvayaṃ śiṣyate iti [BhP 10.14.18], yan-mitraṃ paramānandam [BhP 10.14.32] iti, sa eva nityātma-sukhānubhūty-abhi-vyudasta-māyaḥ [BhP 10.12.39] iti, sa tvaṃ vibho katham ihākṣa-pathaḥ pratīta iti ca, tathā brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham [Gītā 14.27] iti, nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya [Gītā 7.25] iti ca śravaṇena prakṛṣṭa-dṛṣṭes tatrāpy akaraṇatvād bhagavac-chakti-viśeṣa- saṃvalita-dṛṣṭer eva tatra karaṇatvāt | tatas tasyā dṛṣṭer divyatvaṃ dānaṃ ca narākāra-para-brahma-darśana-hetu-lakṣaṇāyās tat-svābhāvika-dṛṣṭer anyāsau deva-vapur darśana-hetur ity apekṣayāiva | tac ca narākṛti-para- brahma divya-dṛṣṭibhir api durdarśam ity uktam - sudurdarśam idaṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭavān asi yan mama | devā apy asya rūpasya nityaṃ darśanakāṅkṣiṇaḥ || [Gītā 11.52] ity ādinā | kintu bhaktyaiva sudarśanam ity apy uktam | bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakya aham evaṃvidho 'rjuna | jñātuṃ draṣṭuṃ ca tattvena praveṣṭuṃ ca paraṃtapa || [Gītā 11.54] ity ādinā | na ca sudurdarśam (page 33) ity ādikaṃ viśva-rūpa-param | dṛṣṭvedaṃ mānuṣaṃ rūpam [Gītā 11.51] ity āder evāvyavahita-pūrvoktatvāt viśva-rūpa- prakaraṇasya tad-vyavadhānāc ca | tathā caikādaśe sarveṣāṃ devādīnām āgamane vyacakṣatāvitṛptākṣāḥ kṛṣṇam adbhuta-darśanam [BhP 11.6.5] iti | tatraivānyatra govinda-bhuja-guptāyām [BhP 11.2.1] ity ādi | saptame yūyaṃ nṛloke [7.10.48] ityādi ca | tṛtīye ca vismāpanaṃ svasya ca [3.2.12] | ata upasaṃhārānurodhena sva-vākya-tātparyeṇa cāsyāpi prakaraṇasya śrī- kṛṣṇa-paratvam eva | tasmāt śrī-kṛṣṇa-gītāsu ca śrī-kṛṣṇasyaiva svayaṃ bhagavattvaṃ siddham | tad uktam -- ekaṃ śāstraṃ devakī-putra-gītam eko devo devakī-putra eva | karmāpy ekaṃ devakī-putra-sevā mantro'py eko devakī-putra-nāma || iti | tathā śrī-gopāla-pūrva-tāpanī-śrutāv api munayo ha vai brahmāṇam ūcuḥ, kaḥ paramo devaḥ [GTU 1.2] ity ādy-anantaraṃ tad u hovāca brāhmaṇaḥ | kṛṣṇo vai paramaṃ daivatam [GTU 1.3] ity ādi | upasaṃhāre ca - tasmāt kṛṣṇa eva paro devas taṃ dhyāyet taṃ raset taṃ yajed ity oṃ tat sad [GTU 1.49] iti | kiṃ bahunā sarvāvatārāvatāri-vilakṣaṇā mahā-bhagavattā-mudrāḥ sākṣād eva tatra vartanta iti śrūyate pādmādhyāya-trayeṇa | yathā tadīyā kiyantaḥ ślokāḥ | brahmovāca - śṛṇu nārada vakṣyāmi pādayoś cihna-lakṣaṇam | bhagavat-kṛṣṇa-rūpasya hy ānandaika-ghanasya ca || avatārā hy asaṅkhyeyāḥ kathitā me tavānagha | paraṃ samyak pravakṣyāmi kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayam || devānāṃ kārya-siddhy-artham ṛṣīṇāṃ ca tathaiva ca | āvirbhūtas tu bhagavān svānāṃ priya-cikīrṣayā || yair eva jñāyate devo bhagavān bhakta-vatsalaḥ | tāny ahaṃ veda nānyo'sti satyam etan mayoditam || ṣoḍaśaiva tu cihnāni mayā dṛṣṭāni tat-pade | dakṣiṇenāṣṭa-cihnāni itare sapta eva ca || dhvajāḥ padmaṃ tathā vajram aṅkuśo yava eva ca | svastikaṃ cordhva-rekhā ca aṣṭa-koṇas tathaiva ca || saptānyāni pravakṣyāmi sāmprataṃ vaiṣṇavottama | indra-cāpaṃ trikoṇaṃ ca kalasaṃ cārdha-candrakam || ambaraṃ matsya-cihnaṃ ca goṣpadaṃ saptamaṃ smṛtam | aṅkāny etāni bho vidvan dṛśyante tu yadā kadā || kṛṣṇākhyaṃ tu paraṃ brahma bhuvi jātaṃ na saṃśayaḥ | dvayaṃ vātha trayaṃ vātha catvāraḥ pañca eva vā || dṛśyante vaiṣṇava-śreṣṭha avatāre kathañcana || ity ādi | ṣoḍaśaṃ tu tathā cihnaṃ śṛṇu devarṣi-saptam | jambū-phala-samākāraṃ dṛśyate yatra kutracit || ity antam | Sarva-saṃvādinī: atha śṛṇu nārada pravakṣyāmīty-ādi-caraṇa-cihna- pratipādaka-pādma-vacanāntaṃ ādi-śabdād etāny api padyāni jñeyāni | madhye dhvajā tu vijñeyā padmaṃ tryāṅgulam ānataḥ | vajraṃ vai dakṣiṇe pārśve aṅkuśo vai tad-agrataḥ || yavo'py aṅguṣṭha-mūle syāt svastikaṃ yatra kutracit | ādiṃ caraṇam ārabhya yāvad vai madhyamā sthitā || tāvad vai cordhva-rekhā ca kathitā pādma-saṃjñake | aṣṭa-koṇaṃ tu bho vatsa mānaṃ cāṣṭāṅgulaiś ca tat || nirdiṣṭaṃ dakṣiṇe pāde ity āhur munayaḥ kila | evaṃ pādasya cihnāni tāny eva vaiṣṇavottama || dakṣiṇetara-sthānāni saṃvadāmīha sāmpratam | caturaṅgula-mānena tv aṅgulīnāṃ samīpataḥ || indra-cāpaṃ tato vidyād anyatra na bhavet kvacit | trikoṇaṃ madhya-nirdiṣṭaṃ kalaso yatra kutracit || aṣṭāṅgula-pramāṇena tad bhaved ardha-candrakam | ardha-candra-samākāraṃ nirdiṣṭaṃ tasya suvrata || bindur vai matsya-cihnaṃ ca ādyante vai nirūpitam | goṣpadaṃ teṣu vijñeyam ādyāṅgula-pramāṇataḥ || ity ādi | tad-agre ca - ṣoḍaśaṃ tu tathā cihnaṃ śṛṇu devarṣi-sattama | jambū-phala-samākāraṃ dṛśyate yatra kutracit | tac cihnaṃ ṣoḍaśaṃ proktam ity āhur munayo'naghāḥ || iti | atra vaiṣṇavottamety-ādikaṃ śrī-nārada-sambodhanam | yadā kadeti yadā kadācid evety arthaḥ | madhyamā-pārṣṇi-paryantayoḥ samadeśo madhyas tatra dhvajā dhvajaḥ | try-aṅgula-mānataḥ | pādāgre try-aṅgula-pramāṇa- deśaṃ parityajyety arthaḥ | padyasyādho dhvajaṃ dhatte sarvānartha-jaya- dhvajam iti skānda-saṃvādāt | atra kutracit parita ity arthaḥ ādim aṅguṣṭha tarjanī-sandhim ārabhya madhyamā yāvat tāvad ūrdhva-rekhā vyavasthitā pādma-saṃjñake purāṇe kathitety arthaḥ | aṣṭāṅgulair mānaṃ tad iti madhyamāṅguly-agrād aṣṭāṅgula-mānaṃ parityajyety arthaḥ | tāvad vistāratvena vyākhyāyāṃ sthānāsamāveśaḥ | ataeva pūrvam api tathā vyākhyātam | evam uttaratrāpi jñeyam | indra-cāpaṃ trikoṇārdha-candrakāṇi kramād adho'adhobhāga- sthānāni | anyatreti | śrī-kṛṣṇād anyatrety arthaḥ | bindur ambaraṃ | ādau caraṇasyādideśa tad-aṅgula-samīpe binduḥ | ante pārṣṇi-deśe matsya-cihnaṃ ṣoḍaśa-cihnam ubhayor api jñeyam | dakṣiṇādy-aniyamenoktatvāt | atra dakṣiṇāṅguṣṭhādhaś cakraṃ vāmāṅguṣṭhādhas tan mukhaṃ daraṃ ca skāndoktānusāreṇa | te hi śrī-kṛṣṇe'py anyatra śrūyate | yathā ādi-vārāhe mathurā-maṇḍala-māhātmye - yatra kṛṣṇena saṃkīrṇaṃ krīḍitaṃ ca yathā-sukham | cakrāṅkita-padā tena sthāne brahma-maye śubhe || iti | śrī-gopāla-tāpanyāṃ -- śaṅkha-dhvajātapatrais tu cihnitaṃ ca pada-dvayam [GTU 2.62] iti | ātapatram idaṃ cakrādhastāj jñeyam | dakṣiṇasya prādhānyāt tatraiva sthāna-samāveśāc ca | aṅguli-parimāṇa-mātra-dairghyāc caturdaśāṃśena tad-vistārāt | ṣaṣṭhāṃśena jñeyam | anyatra dairghye caturdaśāṅguli-parimāṇatvena vistāre ṣaḍ-aṅguli-parimāṇatvena prasiddher iti | [end Sarva-saṃvādinī] tasmād asty eva svayaṃ bhagavattvaṃ śrī-kṛṣṇasyaiva | [Vṛ. here reads -- tathā ca brahma-vaivarte bhagavad-avatāra-prasaṅge sūta- vākyam-- avatārā hy asaṅkhyeyā āsan sattva-svabhāvinaḥ | viśatis teṣu mukhyān yān śrutvā mucyen mahāṃhasaḥ || ity ādinā prāyaśaḥ śrī-bhāgavatavat śrī-kṛṣṇa-saṃhitāṃs tān gaṇayitvā punar āha - nara-siṃhādayo'nye'pi sarva-pāpa-vināśanāḥ | yad-vibhūti-viśeṣeṇālaṅkṛtaṃ bhuvi jāyate | tat sarvam avagantavyaṃ kṛṣṇāṃśāṃśa-samudbhavam || [end Vṛ. section] tad itthaṃ sarvam abhipretya mahopakramaṃ ślokam eva śrī-viṣṇu-purāṇīya- bhagavac-chabda-niruktivat sākṣāt śrī-kṛṣṇābhidheyatvenāpi yojayati janmādyasya [BhP 1.1.1] iti | narākṛti (page 34) paraṃ brahma iti [Vṛ. reads here: purāṇa-vargāt, tasmāt kṛṣṇa eva paro devaḥ [GTU 1.49] iti gopāla-tāpanī-śruteś ca | [end Vṛ. addition] paraṃ śrī-kṛṣṇaṃ dhīmahi | asya svarūpa-lakṣaṇam āha satyam iti | satya-vrataṃ satya-paraṃ tri-satyam [BhP 10.2.26] ity ādau tathā-śrutatvāt | [Vṛ. reads here: ô satye pratiṣṭhitaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ satyam atra pratiṣṭhitam | satyāt satyaṃ ca govindas tasmāt satyo hi nāmataḥ || [Mbh 5.68.12] ity udyama-parvaṇi sañjaya-kṛta-śrī-kṛṣṇa-nāma-niruktau ca tathā śrutatvāt | [end Vṛ. addition] etena tad-ākārasyāvyabhicāritvaṃ darśitam | taṭastha-lakṣaṇam āha dhāmnā svena ity āha | svena sva-svarūpeṇa dhāmnā śrī-mathurākhyena sadā nirastaṃ kuhakaṃ māyā-kārya-lakṣaṇaṃ yena tam | mathyate tu jagat sarvaṃ brahma-jñānena yena vā | tat-sāra-bhūtaṃ yad yasyāṃ mathurā sā nigadyate || [GTU 2.66] iti gopālottara-tāpanī-prasiddheḥ | līlām āha ādyasya nityam eva śrīmad-ānakadundubhi-vrajeśvara- nandanatayā śrī-mathurā-dvārakā-gokuleṣu virājamānasyaiva tasya kasmaicid arthāya loke prādurbhāvāpekṣayā | yataḥ śrīmad-ānakadundubhi- gṛhāj janma tasmād ya itarataś ca itaratra śrī-vrajeśvara-gṛhe'pi anvayāt putra-bhāvatas tad-anugatatvenāgacchat | uttareṇaiva ya iti padenānvayaḥ | yata ity anena tasmād iti svayam eva labhyate | katham anvayāt ? tatrāha - artheṣu kaṃsa-vañcanādiṣu tādṛśa-bhāvavadbhiḥ śrī-gokula-vāsibhir eva sarvānanda-kadamba-kādambinī-rūpā sā sā kāpi līlā sidhyatīti tal-lakṣaṇeṣu vā artheṣu abhijñaḥ | tataś ca svarāṭ svair gokula-vāsibhir eva rājate iti | tatra teṣāṃ prema-vaśatām āpannasyāpy avyāha | tad-aiśvaryam āha tena iti | ya ādi-kavaye brahmaṇe brahmāṇaṃ vismāpayituṃ hṛdā saṅkalpa-mātreṇaiva brahma-satya-jñānānantānanda- mātraika-rasa-mūrti-mayaṃ vaibhavaṃ tene vistāritavān | yad yatas tathāvidha- laukikālaukikatā-samucita-līlā-hetoḥ sūrayas tad-bhaktā muhyanti premātiśayodayena vaivaśyam āpnuvanti | yad ity uttareṇāpy anvayāt | yad yata eva tadṛśa-līlātas tejo-vāri-mṛdām api yathā yathāvad vinimayo bhavati | tatra tejasaś cāndrāder vinimayo nistejo-vastubhiḥ saha dharma-parivartaḥ | tat śrī-mukhādi-rucā candrāder nistejastvāvidhānāt nikaṭa-stha-nistejo- vastunaḥ svabhāsā tejasvitāpādanāc ca | tathā vāri dravaś ca kaṭhinaṃ bhavati | veṇu-vādyena mṛt-pāṣāṇādiḥ dravatīti | yataḥ śrī-kṛṣṇe tri-sargaḥ śrī-gokula-mathurā-dvārakā-vaibhava-prakāśaḥ amṛṣā satya eveti | || 1.1 || veda-vyāsaḥ || 82 ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 86

Anuccheda 86

1 That Lord Balarama is the origin of the visnu-tattva expansion Sankarsana is described in the following verse (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.1.24): “The foremost manifestation of Krsna is Sankarsana, who is known as Ananta. He is the origin of all incarnations within this material world. Previous to the appearance of Lord Krsna, this original Sankarsana will appear as Baladeva, just to please the Supreme Lord Krsna in His transcendental pastimes.”* 2 In this verse Lord Balarama is described as ‘vasudeva-kala” (the first expansion of Lord Krsna, the son of Maharaja Vasudeva). Because Balarama is described as ‘kala’ (the first expansion), it must be concluded that He is the origin of Lord Sankarsana, and not an expansion from Lord Sankarsana. This is confirmed by the use of the word “svarat” (fully independent).” The word ‘ananta’ (unlimited) is used in this verse to described Lord Balarama because He is transcendental, beyond the limitations of time and space. In this portion of the Bhagavatam, where Lord Krsna’s appearance is described (the First Chapter of the Tenth Canto), Sukadeva Gosvami explains that Lord Balarama, while in Devaki’s womb, was transferred to the womb of Rohini. Someone may protest at this point and say that the perfect and complete Personality of Godhead cannot be pulled from one place to another, and therefore we should not consider that Lord Balarama is actually the Personality of Godhead. This is not a very sound argument. If the Personality of Godhead wishes, He can empower His yogamaya potency to carry Him from one place to another. There should be no objection on this point. 3 The incarnation of yogamaya within the material world during Lord Krsna’s pastimes is described in the following verse (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.1.25): “The potency of the Lord, known as visnu-maya, who is as good as the Supreme Personality of Godhead, will also appear with Lord Krsna. This potency, acting in different capacities, captivates all the worlds, both material and spiritual. At the request of her master, she will appear with her different potencies in order to execute the work of the Lord.”* 4 In this verse the word ‘amsena’ means ‘by His spiritual potency yogamaya’, and the word ‘sambhaviyati’ means ‘will assemble there’. Yogamaya is described as ‘ekamsa’ because she expands herself as mahamaya. We may also note in regard to Srimad Bhagavatam 10.1.24, (quoted in text 1 of this anuccheda) that Lord Balarama is described as the origin of Ananta Sesa, who has thousands of faces. For this reason it should be concluded that Lord Balarama is certainly visnu-tattva, the Personality of Godhead, who enjoys transcendental pastimes in many different forms. 5 That Lord Balarama is the Personality of Godhead, the origin of the Sesa incarnation is confirmed in the following statement by Yamuna-deva (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.65.28): “My dear Balarama, You are the most powerful personality, and You are pleasing to everyone. Unfortunately, I forgot Your glorious exalted position, but now I have come to my senses and I remember that You hold all the planetary systems on Your head merely by Your partial expansion as Sesa. You are the sustainer of the whole universe.”* 6 In his commentary on this verse, Sridhara Svami says: “The word ‘ekamsena’ means ‘by Ananta Sesa’. Someone may say the word ‘ekamsena’ means ‘with a single hand, Lord Balarama sustains the universe’. This interpretation, based on accepting a secondary meaning of the word ‘amsa’, is not as clear as Sridhara Svami’s, which depends on the primary meaning is ‘amsa’. Sridhara Svami’s explanation of this word should therefore be accepted, and not the alternate interpretation based on accepting a secondary meaning of the word ‘amsa’. The word ‘ekamsena’ in this verse, interpreted according to Sridhara Svami’s explanation, means that Lord Balarama is the origin of Ananta Sesa. Lord Balarama first expands as Laksmana, brother of Lord Ramacandra. It is from Laksmana that Ananta Sesa is expanded. This is confirmed in the following verses from the Ayodhya-mahatmya section of the Skanda Purana, where Maharaja Indra clearly describes Ananta Sesa as an expansion of Laksmana. 7 “As all the demigods watched, Laksmana who is always true to His promise, assumed the form of Ananta Sesa. With sweet words king Indra offered the following prayers to the Lord. 8 “Indra said: O Laksmana, O hero, O destroyer of the enemies, You have fulfilled Your mission of assisting the demigods, please return now to Your own transcendental abode. 9 O Lord, Your form of Ananta Sesa, who has innumerable glittering hoods, has now arrived. Please now return to Your own eternal abode in the spiritual world. 10 “After speaking these words to Laksmana, and respectfully placing Him on Lord Sesa who, standing on Patalaloka, easily carries the great weight of all the worlds, King Indra and all the demigods climbed into their airplanes and left for the heavenly planets.’ 11 That ananta Sesa is expanded from Lord Balarama is also confirmed in the following statement of Narayana-varma: “May Lord Yajna protect me from the dangers of material existence. May Lord Balarama protect me from death. May Lord Ananta Sesa, the king of serpents, protect me from the hands of the angry and envious.” In this prayer Lord Balarama is described as the protector from death and Lord Ananta is described as the protector from the hands of the angry and envious. Because death is a much more formidable opponent than the angry and envious, this prayer shows the superior strength of Lord Balarama. Because Lord Balarama and Lord Ananta are described as identical, because Lord Balarama’s strength is superior, He must be the origin, and Lord Ananta must be expanded from Him. 12 That Lord Ananta Sesa is an expansion of Lord Balarama and ultimately of Lord Krsna is described in the following verses, the first spoken by Lord Krsna to Yogamaya, and the second by Devaki-devi to Lord Krsna: “Within the womb of Devaki is My partial plenary expansion known as Sankarsana or Sesa. Without difficulty, transfer Him into the womb of Rohini.”* Srimad Bhagavatam 10.2.8 “After millions of years, at the time of cosmic annihilation, when everything, manifested and unmanifested, is annihilated by the force of time, the five gross elements enter into the subtle conception, and the manifested categories enter into the unmanifested substance. At that time, You alone remain, and You are known as Ananta Sesa-naga.”* Srimad Bhagavatam 10.3.25 13 That Krsna and Balarama are equals is confirmed in the following verse spoken by Maharaja Vasudeva (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.85.18): “My dear Krsna and Balarama, I know that neither of You are my sons; You are the original chief and progenitor, the Personalities of Godhead, known as Pradhana and Purusa. But You have appeared on the surface of this globe in order to minimise the burden of the world by killing the ksatriya kings who are unnecessarily increasing their military strength.”* 14 Someone may say: Actually Balarama cannot be visnu-tattva, but He must be an empowered living entity (avesa-avatara). He is not the Personality of Godhead. This is confirmed in the following statement spoken by Balarama who, when He noticed that the cowherd boys and calves of Vraja were actually direct expansions of Krsna, described Krsna as His master (Srimad Bhagavatam 13.37): “Who is this mystic power, and where has she come from? Is she a demigod or a demoness? She must be the illusory energy of My master, Lord Krsna, for who else can bewilder Me?” To this objection I reply: By quoting many verses from Srimad Bhagavatam I have clearly proven that Lord Balarama is the Personality of Godhead (visnu-tattva). If this quotation is properly understood it will not be seen to contradict that conclusion. 15 Lord Balarama appears in this world and enjoys pastimes as an associate of Lord Krsna. This statement of Lord Balarama may be seen as a display of His great devotion for His friend Krsna. This devotion of Lord Balarama is a display of His spiritual opulence. It does not mean that Lord Balarama is not directly a visnu-tattva expansion of Lord Krsna.

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §83 · English §87

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[८३] एवं सर्वोपसंहार-वाक्यम् अपि तत्रैव संगच्छते कस्मै येन विभासित इत्य् आदि [भ्प् १२.१३.१९] । यो ब्रह्माणं विदधाति पूर्वं यो विद्यास् तस्मै गापयति स्म कृष्णः । तं हि देवम् आत्म-बुद्धि-प्रकाशं मुमुक्षुर् वै शरणम् अमुं व्रजेत् ॥ [ग्तु १.२६] इति गोपाल-पूर्व-तापनी-श्रुतेः । व्याकृतं च द्वितीय-सन्दर्भे तस्यैव चतुः- श्लोकी-वक्तृत्वम् अपि ॥ ॥ १२.१३ ॥ श्री-सूतः ॥ ८३ ॥

[83] evaṃ sarvopasaṃhāra-vākyam api tatraiva saṃgacchate kasmai yena vibhāsita ity ādi [BhP 12.13.19] | yo brahmāṇaṃ vidadhāti pūrvaṃ yo vidyās tasmai gāpayati sma kṛṣṇaḥ | taṃ hi devam ātma-buddhi-prakāśaṃ mumukṣur vai śaraṇam amuṃ vrajet || [GTU 1.26] iti gopāla-pūrva-tāpanī-śruteḥ | vyākṛtaṃ ca dvitīya-sandarbhe tasyaiva catuḥ- ślokī-vaktṛtvam api || || 12.13 || śrī-sūtaḥ || 83 ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 87

Anuccheda 87

1 Now we shall describe Pradyumna, who in His previous life as Cupid was burned to ashes by the anger of Lord Siva. This Pradyumna is described in the following verse from the Gopala-tapani Upanisad (2.40): 2 “Lord Krsna, accompanied by His three potencies, and by Balarama, Pradyumna, Aniruddha and Rukmini, stays in delightful Mathura-puri.” 3 This Pradyumna, however, cannot be considered to be the same Pradyumna who is one of the four original expansions of Lord Krsna (Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna, and Aniruddha). This Pradyumna is simply the demigod Cupid, who is an ordinary living enitity, and not the Personality of Godhead. This is described in Srimad Bhagavatam (10.55.1): 4 “It is said that Cupid, who is directly part and parcel of Lord Vasudeva, was formerly burned to ashes by the anger of Lord Siva. In order to get his body again, he took birth as the son of Krsna.”* 5 The word ‘tu’ (but) is very significant in this verse. This word is used to specifically distinguish a certain person or thing from another or others. For example, if we say ‘but he is a brahmana’, a certain person is distinguished from others, as for example if we say ‘there may be many who although born in a brahmana family remain ignorant and uneducated, but he is a brahmana’, the word ‘but’ distinguishes the learned brahmana from others who are less qualified. In this verse the phrase ‘kamas tu vasudevamsah’ (but that Cupid who is directly part and parcel of Lord Vasudeva) indicates that there are two Cupids, and one of them is directly part and parcel of Lord Vasudeva. If it were otherwise, and the intention of the author had been to say ‘but Cupid is directly part and parcel of Lord Vasudeva’, the order of the words (in Sanskrit) would have been ‘vasudevamsas tu kamah’. The other Cupid (who is not directly part and parcel of Lord Vasudeva) is described in the second part of this verse. He is the material Cupid, an ordinary demigod, one of the eleven Rudras, and servant of Maharaja Indra. Burned by Lord Siva’s anger, this material Cupid lost his body and became disembodied. In order to get his body again he entered the body of Lord Pradyumna, the original Cupid, who is directly part and parcel of Lord Vasudeva. The material Cupid was then born again from the body of Lord Pradyumna. Interpreted in this way, this verse from Srimad Bhagavatam may be translated in the following words: “It is said that Cupid was formerly burned to ashes by the anger of Lord Siva. In order to get his body again he entered the body of Lord Pradyumna, the original Cupid, who is a direct expansion of Lord Vasudeva.” Another explanation of this verse may be given by dividing the first two lines in the following way: By accepting the word ‘adagdhah’ to replace ‘dagdhah’, we may translate this verse in this way: “The original Cupid, who is directly part and parcel of Lord Vasudeva (and different from the material Cupid), was not burned to ashes by the anger of Lord Siva. This original Cupid entered the body of Lord Vasudeva to appear with Him as He manifested His transcendental pastimes within the material world.” In this way we have described the original cupid, Lord Pradyumna, who, because He is directly the expansion of Lord Vasudeva, must be different from the material Cupid, who was burned to ashes by the anger of Lord Siva.

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §84 · English §88

Source

[८४] तद् एवम् अभ्यासादीन्य् अपि तस्मिन् विस्पष्टान्य् एव पूर्वोदाहृत-वाक्येषु । तद् एतत् श्रीमद्-गीता-गोपाल-तापन्यादि-शास्त्र-गण-सहायस्य निखिलेतर-शास्त्र- शत-प्रणत-चरणस्य श्री-भागवतस्याभिप्रायेण श्री-कृष्णस्य स्वयं भगवत्त्वं करतल इव दर्शितम् । श्री-भागवतस्य च स (पगे ३५) एव प्रतिपाद्य इति पुराणान्तरेणैव च स्वयं व्याख्यातम् । यथा ब्रह्माण्ड- पुराणे श्री-कृष्णाष्टोत्तर-शत-नामामृत-स्तोत्रे श्री-कृष्णस्य नाम-विशेष एव शुक-वाग्-अमृताब्धीन्दुर् इति । अथ तस्य महा-वासुदेवत्वे सिद्धे श्री-बलदेवादीनाम् अपि महा- संकर्षणादित्वं स्वत एव सिद्धम् । यद्-रूपः स्वयं भगवान् तद्-रूपा एव ते भवितुर् महन्तीति । अतः श्री-बलरामस्य यत् कश्चिद् आवेशावतारत्वं मन्यते तद् असत् । दृश्यते च श्री-कृष्ण-रामयोर् युगलतया वर्णनेन सम- प्रकाशत्वम् - ताव् अङ्घ्रि-युग्मम् अनुकृष्य सरीसृपन्तौ [भ्प् १०.८.२२], यद् विश्वेश्वरयोर् याच्ञां [भ्प् १०.२३.३७], ददर्श रामं कृष्णं च [भ्प् १०.३८.२७], तौ रेजतू रङ्ग-गतौ महा-भुजौ [भ्प् १०.४३.१९] इत्य् आदौ । लोकेऽपि सूर्य-चन्द्रमसाव् एव युगलतया वर्ण्येते । न तु सूर्य-शुक्रौ । अतएव हरिवंशेऽपि वासुदेव-माहात्म्ये राम-कृष्णयोर् दृष्टान्तः सूर्याचन्द्रमसाव् इति । तथा ध्वज-वज्राङ्कुशाम्भोजैश् चिह्नितैर् अङ्घ्रिभिर् व्रजम् । शोभयन्तौ महात्मानौ [भ्प् १०.३८.३०] इत्य् एवं भगवल्-लक्षणान्य् अपि तत्र श्रूयन्ते, न त्व् एवं पृथ्व्-आदिषु । तस्माद् एष तन्-महिमापि वर्ण्यते -- नैतच् चित्रं भगवति ह्य् अनन्ते जगद्-ईश्वरे । ओतं प्रोतम् इदं यस्मिंस् तन्तुष्व् अङ्ग यथा पटः ॥ [भ्प् १०.१५.३५] स्पष्टम् ॥ १०.१५ ॥ श्री-शुकः ॥ ८४ ॥

[84] tad evam abhyāsādīny api tasmin vispaṣṭāny eva pūrvodāhṛta-vākyeṣu | tad etat śrīmad-gītā-gopāla-tāpanyādi-śāstra-gaṇa-sahāyasya nikhiletara-śāstra- śata-praṇata-caraṇasya śrī-bhāgavatasyābhiprāyeṇa śrī-kṛṣṇasya svayaṃ bhagavattvaṃ karatala iva darśitam | śrī-bhāgavatasya ca sa (page 35) eva pratipādya iti purāṇāntareṇaiva ca svayaṃ vyākhyātam | yathā brahmāṇḍa- purāṇe śrī-kṛṣṇāṣṭottara-śata-nāmāmṛta-stotre śrī-kṛṣṇasya nāma-viśeṣa eva śuka-vāg-amṛtābdhīndur iti | atha tasya mahā-vāsudevatve siddhe śrī-baladevādīnām api mahā- saṃkarṣaṇāditvaṃ svata eva siddham | yad-rūpaḥ svayaṃ bhagavān tad-rūpā eva te bhavitur mahantīti | ataḥ śrī-balarāmasya yat kaścid āveśāvatāratvaṃ manyate tad asat | dṛśyate ca śrī-kṛṣṇa-rāmayor yugalatayā varṇanena sama- prakāśatvam - tāv aṅghri-yugmam anukṛṣya sarīsṛpantau [BhP 10.8.22], yad viśveśvarayor yācñāṃ [BhP 10.23.37], dadarśa rāmaṃ kṛṣṇaṃ ca [BhP 10.38.27], tau rejatū raṅga-gatau mahā-bhujau [BhP 10.43.19] ity ādau | loke'pi sūrya-candramasāv eva yugalatayā varṇyete | na tu sūrya-śukrau | ataeva harivaṃśe'pi vāsudeva-māhātmye rāma-kṛṣṇayor dṛṣṭāntaḥ sūryācandramasāv iti | tathā dhvaja-vajrāṅkuśāmbhojaiś cihnitair aṅghribhir vrajam | śobhayantau mahātmānau [BhP 10.38.30] ity evaṃ bhagaval-lakṣaṇāny api tatra śrūyante, na tv evaṃ pṛthv-ādiṣu | tasmād eṣa tan-mahimāpi varṇyate -- naitac citraṃ bhagavati hy anante jagad-īśvare | otaṃ protam idaṃ yasmiṃs tantuṣv aṅga yathā paṭaḥ || [BhP 10.15.35] spaṣṭam || 10.15 || śrī-śukaḥ || 84 ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 88

Anuccheda 88

1 This distinction between the material and spiritual Cupids is confirmed by the following verse (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.55.2) which describes the appearance of the material Cupid: “Cupid was born as the son of Lord Krsna in the womb of Rukmini and he became celebrated by the name Pradyumna. Because he was begotten by Lord Krsna directly, his qualities were most similar to those of Krsna.”* 2 This verse describes the visnu-tattva Lord Pradyumna, the direct expansion of Lord Krsna, who took birth in the womb of Rukmini. That this verse describes the visnu-tattva Pradyumna, and not the material demigod Cupid may be inferred by the phrase ‘sarvato navamah pituh’ (His qualities were most similar to those of His father Krsna). The material Cupid, who appeared in Lord Krsna’s pastimes, is an empowered incarnation of Lord Pradyumna. Cupid was granted the powers of Lord Pradyumna, just as Arjuna was granted the powers of Indra by his father, who was Indra himself (this story is related in the Mahabharata). Because this person was actually the material demigod Cupid, who was granted extraordinary powers by Lord Pradyumna, Narada informed Rati-devi (Cupid’s wife) that her husband had appeared in Lord Krsna’s pastimes. For this reason, when Rati- devi was reunited with Pradyumna, there was no fault on her part, for she simply regained the association of her husband. Someone may raise the question how it was possible for Rati-devi, a material demigoddess to associate with an empowered incarnation of Lord Pradyumna. The answer to this question is that by contact with the empowered incarnation of Pradyumna she became purified and qualified to associate with him, just as ordinary metals become turned to gold by contact with a touchstone. The actual visnu-tattva Lord Pradyumna, however, is not associated with Rati-devi who is the potency of the material Cupid. Lord Pradyumna’s potency is Lord Aniruddha. This is confirmed in the verse from Gopala-tapani Upanisad quoted in Anuccheda 87, text 2.

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §85 · English §89

Source

[८५] किं च -- सप्तमो वैष्णवं धाम यम् अनन्तं प्रचक्षते । गर्भो बभूव देवक्यां हर्ष-शोक-विवर्धनः ॥ [भ्प् १०.२.५] गर्भो बभूव न तु गर्भे बभूवेति सप्तम्य्-अन्तानुक्त्या साक्षाद् एवावतारत्वं सूचितम् ॥ ॥ १०.२ ॥ स एव ॥८५॥

[85] kiṃ ca -- saptamo vaiṣṇavaṃ dhāma yam anantaṃ pracakṣate | garbho babhūva devakyāṃ harṣa-śoka-vivardhanaḥ || [BhP 10.2.5] garbho babhūva na tu garbhe babhūveti saptamy-antānuktyā sākṣād evāvatāratvaṃ sūcitam || || 10.2 || sa eva ||85||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 89

Anuccheda 89

1 That Lord Aniruddha is one of the caturvyuha expansions of Godhead is described in the following verse (Srimad Bhagavatam 3.1.34): “May I inquire whether Aniruddha is doing well? He is the fulfiller of all the desires of the pure devotees and has been considered from yore to be the cause of the Rg Veda, the creator of the mind and the fourth plenary expansion of Visnu.”* 2 The statement ‘sabda-yonim’ (Lord Aniruddha is the cause of the Rg Veda) in this verse is confirmed in the following statement of Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad (2.4.10): “O Maitreyi, the Rg Veda is manifested from the breathing of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.” The word ‘mano-mayam’ means ‘the creator of the mind’. Each member of the catur-vyuha expansions is the predominating Deity of one of the subtle elements. Lord Vasudeva is the Deity of the heart, Lord Sankarsana is the Deity of the false-ego, Lord Pradyumna is the deity of the intelligence, and Lord Aniruddha is the deity of the mind. Lord Aniruddha is worshipped within the mind, just as Lord Vasudeva is worshipped within the heart. The word “sattvam” means “He who is situated in the transcendental stage of pure goodness.” The word ‘turiyam’ (fourth) means that of the catur-vyuha expansions of the Lord, Lord Vasudeva is the first expansion, Lord Sankarsana the second, Lord Pradyumna the third, and Lord Aniruddha the fourth expansion. Someone may raise the following objection: If Aniruddha is actually the Personality of Godhead, then why was He defeated in fighting with Banasura? This objection may be answered by saying: By His own wish the Supreme Lord sometimes pretends to be a limited human being in His pastimes. There are many examples of His acting in this way in His appearance as Lord Ramacandra and in other incarnations also. 3 Lord Aniruddha is glorified in the following verses from the Brhat-sahasra-nama prayers of the Padma Purana: “Lord Aniruddha, the son of Pradyumna, is the Supreme Brahman. He enchants the entire universe. He is the fourth member of the four catur-vyuha expansions of Godhead. He appears in four colours (white, red, yellow and black) in the four yugas (Satya, Treta, Dvapara, and Kali) to establish the principles of religion. He is the all-pervading Supersoul who remains in the hearts of the four kinds (those born from the womb, from eggs, seeds, or perspiration) of conditioned souls. From Him millions of living entities are manifest, and He is the shelter within whom everything rests.” 4 Aniruddha (who appeared as the son of Pradyumna) is therefore the original Maha-Aniruddha who remains in the spiritual sky. It is this Lord Aniruddha who stays on the waters of devastation at the time when the material universe is destroyed. The Lord’s expansion as the catur-vyuha purusa-incarnations within the material world is described in Srimad Bhagavatam (1.3.1): “In the beginning of the creation, the Lord first expanded Himself as the universal form of the purusa -incarnation and manifested all the ingredients for the material creation.”* Four catur-vyuha expansions (Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha) are manifested in the spiritual world, and from these another series of catur-vyuha expansions is manifested within the material world. 5 That the Maha-Aniruddha who remains in the spiritual world appears within the material worlds in Lord Krsna’s family is confirmed in the following passage from Visnu-dharma Purana, Uttara-khanda, in the question of Vrajanabha and the answer of Markandeya Muni. Vrajanabha asked: “At the end of each kalpa a small child always appears. Although I repeatedly see this child I do not know His identity. Please tell me who this child is, I am very eager to know the answer to this question. 6 Markandeya Muni replied: “Although I myself am not free from the influence of the Lord’s illusory potency (maya), I have repeatedly seen the Personality of Godhead appear as a small child at the time of partial cosmic annihilation (kalpa-ksaya). That same form of the Personality of Godhead appears in Lord Krsna’s family as your father, Aniruddha. That your father Aniruddha is the Personality of Godhead is known to me without any doubt.” 7 In the Mahabharata, Bhisma-parva, in the instructions of Bhisma to Duryodhana, Lord Brahma’s arrival at Gandhamadana mountain at the beginning of Lord Krsna’s appearance in this material world is described. While Brahma was at Gandhamadana mountain he saw the Supreme Personality of Godhead appear in his heart in the form of a small child. Brahma spoke the following words to the Supreme Lord who had thus appeared before him: 8 “O Lord Vasudeva, You expanded Yourself as Lord Sankarsana and He then expanded Himself as Lord Pradyumna. Lord Pradyumna expanded Himself as Lord Aniruddha, whom the sages know to be the eternal Personality of Godhead, Lord Visnu, and Lord Aniruddha created me, Brahma, the maintainer of the universe. O Lord, because I am thus created by You, I am certainly Your part and parcel.” 9 We may note that in this quotation, and also in the previously quoted verse from Srimad Bhagavatam (1.3.1) ‘jagrhe paurusam rupam’ (in the beginning of creation the Lord first expanded Himself as the universal form of the purusa incarnations) it has been clearly described that Lord Aniruddha is an expansion of Lord Krsna. Lord Krsna is not described in these verses as an incarnation of Lord Aniruddha.

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §86 · English §90

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[८६] अत इदम् अप्य् एवम् एव व्याख्येयम् -- वासुदेव-कलानन्तः सहस्र-वदनः स्वराट् । अग्रतो भविता देवो हरेः प्रिय-चिकीर्षया ॥ [भ्प् १०.१.२४] श्री-वसुदेव-नन्दनस्य वासुदेवस्य कला प्रथमोऽंशः श्री-संकर्षणः । तस्य श्री-संकर्षणत्वं स्वयम् एव न तु संकर्षणावतारत्वेनेत्य् आह -- स्वराट् स्वेनैव राजते इति । अतएवानन्तः काल-देश-परिच्छेद-रहितः । अतएव मायया तस्य गर्भ-समय आकर्षणं च युक्तम् । पूर्णस्य वास्तवाकर्षणासम्भवाद् इति केचित् । एतद्-विध-कार्ये च तद्- अकुण्ठेच्छात्मक-चिच्-छक्त्य्-आविष्टैव सा प्रभवेत् । उक्तं च तदानीं तद्- आविष्टत्वं तस्याः -- आदिष्टा प्रभुनांशेन कार्यार्थे सम्भविष्यति [१०.१.२५] इति । मिलिष्यतीति तत्र ह्य् अर्थः । अतएव एकानंशेति । तस्या नाम । एकोऽनंशो यत्रेति निरुक्तिर् इति केचित् । य एव शेषाख्यः सहस्र-वदनोऽपि भवति । यतो देवो नानाकारतया दीव्यतीति । तद्-उक्तं श्री-यमुना-देव्या -- राम राम महा-बाहो न जाने तव विक्रमम् । यस्यैकांशेन विधृता जगती जगतः पतेः ॥ [भ्प् १०.६५.२८] इति । एकांशेन शेषाख्येन इति टीका च । अन्यथा तद्-एकावयवैकदेश- रूपार्थत्वे येनैकांशेनेति यच्-छब्दस्य करृत्व-निर्देश एव युक्तः स्यात् । तद्-अंशावयवैक-देश-रूपार्थत्वे येनैकांशेनेति यच्-छब्दस्य कर्तृत्व- निर्देश एव युक्तः स्यात् । तद्-अंशावतार-लक्षणार्थान्तर-प्रतीति-निरसनाय महा-विद्वद्-वाक्यत्वात् । सम्बन्ध-निर्देशेन तु टीका-व्याख्यैव स्फुटतरा । एकांशे मुख्यस्यैव (पगे ३६) कर्तृत्वस्य निर्वाज-प्रतीतिर् न त्व् औपचारिकस्येति । एवं श्री-लक्ष्मणस्याप्य् अन्तिम-दशानुकरणस्याप्य् अन्तिम-दशानुकरण- लीलायां श्रूयते स्कान्दीयायोध्या-माहात्म्ये -- ततः शेषात्मतां यातं लक्ष्मणं सत्य-सङ्गरम् । उवाच मधुरं शक्रः सर्वस्य च सः पश्यतः ॥ इन्द्र उवाच -- लक्ष्मणोत्तिष्ठ शीघ्रं त्वम् आरोहस्व पदं स्वकम् । देव-कार्यं कृतं वीर त्वया रिपु-निसूदन ॥ वैष्णवं परमं स्थानं प्राप्नुहि स्वं सनातनम् । भवन्-मूर्तिः समायाता शेषोऽपि बिल-सत्-फणः ॥ इत्य् आदि । ततश् च -- इत्य् उक्त्वा सुर-राजेन्द्रो लक्ष्मणं सुर-सङ्गतः । शेषं प्रस्थाप्य पाताले भू-भार-धरण-क्षमम् ॥ लक्ष्मणं यानम् आरोप्य प्रतस्थे दिवम् आदरात् ॥ इति । अतो नारायण-वर्मण्य् अपि -- यज्ञश् च लोकाद् अवतात् कृतान्ताद् बलो गणात् क्रोध-वशाद् अहीन्द्रः ॥ इति बलदेवस्य शेषाद् अन्यत्वं शक्त्य्-अतिशयश् च दर्शितः । जनान्ताद् इति पाठेऽपि जनानां नाशाद् इति स एवार्थः । अतः शेषाख्यं धाम मामकम् इति [भ्प् १०.२.८] इत्य् अत्रापि शिष्यते शेष-संज्ञ इतिवत् अव्यभिचार्यांश एवोच्यते । सेषस्याख्या ख्यातिर् यस्माद् इति वा । श्रीमद्-आनकदुन्दुभिना च श्री-कृष्ण-साम्येनैव निर्दिष्टम् -- युवां न नः सुतौ साक्षात् प्रधान-पुरुषेश्वरौ [भ्प् १०.८५.१८] इति । अत्र साक्षाद् एवेति त्व् अधिकम् उपजीव्यम् । अथ यदि प्रायो मायां तु मे भर्तुर् नान्या मेऽपि विमोहिनी [भ्प् १०.१३.३७] तद्- वाक्यानुसारेणावेशावतारत्वं मन्तव्यं तदा पूर्व-ग्रन्थ-बलात् श्री- बलदेवे स्वांशत्वम् एवेति, किन्तु शेषाख्य-तद्-आविष्ट-पार्षद-विशेषस्य तद्- अन्तः-पातात् तद्-अंशेनैव तद्-व्यवहार इत्य् अपि मन्तव्यम् ॥ [वृ. रेअद्स् हेरे: तद् एवम् एक-रूपत्वेऽपि प्रायो मायां तु मे भर्तुर् नान्या मेऽपि विमोहिनी इत्य् आदौ यत् तस्मिंस् तस्य भक्तिः श्रूयते तत् तु लक्ष्म्या इव द्रष्टव्यम् । [एन्द् वृ. अद्दितिओन्] ॥ १०.२ ॥ श्री-ब्रह्मा देवान् ॥ ८६ ॥

[86] ata idam apy evam eva vyākhyeyam -- vāsudeva-kalānantaḥ sahasra-vadanaḥ svarāṭ | agrato bhavitā devo hareḥ priya-cikīrṣayā || [BhP 10.1.24] śrī-vasudeva-nandanasya vāsudevasya kalā prathamo'ṃśaḥ śrī-saṃkarṣaṇaḥ | tasya śrī-saṃkarṣaṇatvaṃ svayam eva na tu saṃkarṣaṇāvatāratvenety āha -- svarāṭ svenaiva rājate iti | ataevānantaḥ kāla-deśa-pariccheda-rahitaḥ | ataeva māyayā tasya garbha-samaya ākarṣaṇaṃ ca yuktam | pūrṇasya vāstavākarṣaṇāsambhavād iti kecit | etad-vidha-kārye ca tad- akuṇṭhecchātmaka-cic-chakty-āviṣṭaiva sā prabhavet | uktaṃ ca tadānīṃ tad- āviṣṭatvaṃ tasyāḥ -- ādiṣṭā prabhunāṃśena kāryārthe sambhaviṣyati [10.1.25] iti | miliṣyatīti tatra hy arthaḥ | ataeva ekānaṃśeti | tasyā nāma | eko'naṃśo yatreti niruktir iti kecit | ya eva śeṣākhyaḥ sahasra-vadano'pi bhavati | yato devo nānākāratayā dīvyatīti | tad-uktaṃ śrī-yamunā-devyā -- rāma rāma mahā-bāho na jāne tava vikramam | yasyaikāṃśena vidhṛtā jagatī jagataḥ pateḥ || [BhP 10.65.28] iti | ekāṃśena śeṣākhyena iti ṭīkā ca | anyathā tad-ekāvayavaikadeśa- rūpārthatve yenaikāṃśeneti yac-chabdasya karṛtva-nirdeśa eva yuktaḥ syāt | tad-aṃśāvayavaika-deśa-rūpārthatve yenaikāṃśeneti yac-chabdasya kartṛtva- nirdeśa eva yuktaḥ syāt | tad-aṃśāvatāra-lakṣaṇārthāntara-pratīti-nirasanāya mahā-vidvad-vākyatvāt | sambandha-nirdeśena tu ṭīkā-vyākhyaiva sphuṭatarā | ekāṃśe mukhyasyaiva (page 36) kartṛtvasya nirvāja-pratītir na tv aupacārikasyeti | evaṃ śrī-lakṣmaṇasyāpy antima-daśānukaraṇasyāpy antima-daśānukaraṇa- līlāyāṃ śrūyate skāndīyāyodhyā-māhātmye -- tataḥ śeṣātmatāṃ yātaṃ lakṣmaṇaṃ satya-saṅgaram | uvāca madhuraṃ śakraḥ sarvasya ca saḥ paśyataḥ || indra uvāca -- lakṣmaṇottiṣṭha śīghraṃ tvam ārohasva padaṃ svakam | deva-kāryaṃ kṛtaṃ vīra tvayā ripu-nisūdana || vaiṣṇavaṃ paramaṃ sthānaṃ prāpnuhi svaṃ sanātanam | bhavan-mūrtiḥ samāyātā śeṣo'pi bila-sat-phaṇaḥ || ity ādi | tataś ca -- ity uktvā sura-rājendro lakṣmaṇaṃ sura-saṅgataḥ | śeṣaṃ prasthāpya pātāle bhū-bhāra-dharaṇa-kṣamam || lakṣmaṇaṃ yānam āropya pratasthe divam ādarāt || iti | ato nārāyaṇa-varmaṇy api -- yajñaś ca lokād avatāt kṛtāntād balo gaṇāt krodha-vaśād ahīndraḥ || iti baladevasya śeṣād anyatvaṃ śakty-atiśayaś ca darśitaḥ | janāntād iti pāṭhe'pi janānāṃ nāśād iti sa evārthaḥ | ataḥ śeṣākhyaṃ dhāma māmakam iti [BhP 10.2.8] ity atrāpi śiṣyate śeṣa-saṃjña itivat avyabhicāryāṃśa evocyate | seṣasyākhyā khyātir yasmād iti vā | śrīmad-ānakadundubhinā ca śrī-kṛṣṇa-sāmyenaiva nirdiṣṭam -- yuvāṃ na naḥ sutau sākṣāt pradhāna-puruṣeśvarau [BhP 10.85.18] iti | atra sākṣād eveti tv adhikam upajīvyam | atha yadi prāyo māyāṃ tu me bhartur nānyā me'pi vimohinī [BhP 10.13.37] tad- vākyānusāreṇāveśāvatāratvaṃ mantavyaṃ tadā pūrva-grantha-balāt śrī- baladeve svāṃśatvam eveti, kintu śeṣākhya-tad-āviṣṭa-pārṣada-viśeṣasya tad- antaḥ-pātāt tad-aṃśenaiva tad-vyavahāra ity api mantavyam || [Vṛ. reads here: tad evam eka-rūpatve'pi prāyo māyāṃ tu me bhartur nānyā me'pi vimohinī ity ādau yat tasmiṃs tasya bhaktiḥ śrūyate tat tu lakṣmyā iva draṣṭavyam | [end Vṛ. addition] || 10.2 || śrī-brahmā devān || 86 ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 90

Anuccheda 90

1 That Sri Krsna is the original Personality of Godhead, the origin from whom the catur-vyuha expansions of Godhead have emanated, is confirmed in the Gopala-tapani Upanisad’s (2.68-69) definition of the sacred syllable om: 2 “The sacred syllable om consists of three letters: a, u, and m. Balarama, the son of Rohini, is the letter a. Splendid Pradyumna is the letter u. 3 “Intelligent Aniruddha is the letter m. Lord Krsna, in whom the entire universe rests, is the ardha-matra letter (m), which complete the syllable om.” 4 By quoting the verse “krsnas tu bhagavan svayam” (Sri Krsna is the Supreme Personality of Godhead) (Srimad Bhagavatam 1.3.28) and many other verses also, it has been clearly demonstrated that Sri Krsna is the Original Personality of Godhead, and when He appears in the material world, all other forms of Godhead appear within His form. Just as this fact has been clearly demonstrated, I shall now establish the fact that Sri Krsna eternally resides in the holy abode of Vrndavana, and the other places where He enjoyed pastimes. It is not that He temporarily appears, and then after His appearance in this world He is no longer manifest. He eternally remains in these spiritual abodes. 5 At this point someone may object, saying that the Hari-vamsa describes Lord Krsna as an incarnation of Lord Upendra (Vamana). This false conception is refuted by the following words spoken by Lord Krsna in the Srimad Bhagavatam, which describe Lord Krsna’s return to His own eternal abode in the spiritual world (11.6.31) and which are spoken in connection with the story of the Kumara’s cursing of Jaya and Vijaya. Lord Krsna said (to Brahma and the other demigods as He was about to leave the earth planet to return to the spiritual world): “O Brahma, now that the Yadu dynasty has been destroyed by the curse of the brahmanas, I shall visit your planet, known as Brahmaloka and from there I shall return to My own abode in the spiritual world.” Sridhara Svami explains this verse in his commentary: “O Brahma, I shall visit your abode and then return to the spiritual world of Vaikuntha. That Lord Krsna, after leaving the earth planet, returned to His own abode in the spiritual world is also confirmed in the following statement of Brahma (Srimad Bhagavatam 11.6.27): “O Lord, Your mission in this world is now completed. Please return, if You will, to Your own abode in the spiritual world. O Lord, please also protect us, the controllers of the planets, along with all our subjects, for we are all Your sincere servants. In some places in the scriptures it may say that Lord Vaikuntha, the son of Vikuntha-devi, appeared as Lord Krsna; in other places it may say that Ksirodakasayi Visnu appeared as Lord Krsna; in other places in the scriptures it may say that the purusa incarnations appeared as Lord Krsna; in other places in the scriptures it may say that Narayana Rsi appeared as Lord Krsna; in the Brhat-sahasra-nama Prayers in the description of the identity of Lord Balarama and Lord Laksmana, it may say that Lord Ramacandra appeared as Lord Krsna; in other places in the scriptures it may say that a hair of Lord Narayana appeared as Lord Krsna; and in other places in the scriptures there may also be other descriptions of how other forms of Godhead have incarnated as Lord Krsna. How are these contradictory statements to be resolved? Actually all these statements are true, for all forms of the Personality of Godhead are simultaneously present in the form of the Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna, and when Sri Krsna descends to this material world, all other forms of Godhead also descend with Him. 6 When Sisupala and Dantavakra were killed by Lord Krsna, they attained sayujya-mukti, merging into the body of the Lord. However, when the Lord’s earthly pastimes were concluded, and the Lord had returned to His own abode in the spiritual world, Sisupala and Dantavakra also returned with Him, and resumed their original posts as personal associates of the Lord. This is described by Narada Muni in the following words (Srimad Bhagavatam 7.1.46): 7 “These two associates of Lord Visnu - Jaya and Vijaya - maintained a feeling of enmity for a very long time. Because of always thinking of Krsna in this way, they regained the shelter of the Lord, having returned home, back to Godhead.”* 8 That Lord Ksirodakasayi Visnu entered the body of Lord Krsna when He incarnated on this earth just as Jaya and Vijaya did when they were killed by the Lord is confirmed in the following celebrated passage from the Hari-vamsa (Visnu-parva, Chapter 4): “Observing that Lord Ksirodakasayi Visnu’s crown had been stolen by the demons, Garuda attacked the thieves, killed them, and recovered the Lord’s crown. As all this was happening, Lord Ksirodakasayi Visnu descended to the earth where Lord Krsna was performing His pastimes, and entered Lord Krsna’s body. In this way Lord Ksirodakasayi Visnu appeared during Lord Krsna’s incarnation. Garuda, trying to return the crown, was unable to find his master in the spiritual world. He finally found Ksirodakasayi Visnu manifested within the form of Lord Krsna (who was then enjoying pastimes on the peak of Gomanta Mountain). Garuda then returned his master’s crown.” 9 How the different forms of Godhead appear in the transcendental body of Lord Krsna may be understood from the following statement of Vedanta-sutra (4.3.1): “At the time of death, the perfect yogis can travel to any planet using the sun’s rays, the subtle nadi passages extending throughout the universe, the passages of air, or celestial airplanes, as their means of transport.” Just as the yogis may travel in this way to attain liberation or residence in a higher planet, in the same way the various forms of the Personality of Godhead may easily enter the body of Lord Krsna, and appear with Him as He displays His pastimes on earth. 10 That all forms of Godhead are manifested from the body of Lord Krsna is confirmed by the following statement of Uddhava (Srimad Bhagavatam 11.11.28): “O Lord Krsna, You are the Original Personality of Godhead, the master of the spiritual world of Vaikuntha. You appear in this material world, assuming the forms of Your many incarnations just to fulfil the desires of Your devotees.” 11 In this verse the phrase ‘tvam avatirno si’ means ‘O Supreme Personality of Godhead, You have now descended to this material world.’ The Supreme Lord’s glories and opulences are described in the following words: ‘brahma tvam’ (You are the Supreme Spirit), ‘vyoma’ (You are the master of the spiritual world of Vaikuntha) and ‘prakrteh parah purusah’ (You are the Supreme Person, beyond the touch of material energy). Someone may ask: Why does the Supreme Personality of Godhead descend to this material world? The answer is given in the word ‘svecchopatta-prthag-vapuh’ (You appear in many forms in order to fulfil the desires of Your devotees). By describing Lord Krsna in this way, Uddhava affirms that Krsna is the Original Personality of Godhead, who assumes many forms to please His devotees.

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §87 · English §91

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[८७] अथ श्री-प्रद्युम्नस्यापि शिव-नेत्र-दग्धः स्मरो जातोऽयम् इति यच् छ्रूयते तद् अप्य् एक-देश-प्रस्ताव-मात्रम् । तस्य श्री-गोपाल-तापनी-श्रुत्य्-आदौ -- यत्रासौ संस्थितः कृष्णस् त्रिभिः शक्त्या समाहितः । रामानिरुद्ध-प्रद्युम्नै रुक्मिण्या सहितो विभुः ॥ [ग्तु २.३६] इत्य् आदिना नित्य-श्री-कृष्ण-चतुर्-व्यूहान्तः-पातिततया प्रसिद्धेस् तथा सम्भवाभावात् । तस्य स्मरस्यापि साधारण-देवता-विशेष-मात्रत्वेन प्रसिद्धत्वे चतुर्व्यूहान्तः-पातितायाम् अयोग्यतमत्वात् । तस्माद् वक्ष्यमाणाभिप्रायेणैवैतद् आह -- कामस् तु वासुदेवांशो दग्धः प्राग् रुद्र-मन्युना । देहोपपत्तये भूयस् तम् एव प्रत्यपद्यत ॥ [भ्प् १०.५५.१] अवेदज्ञस्यापि ब्राह्मण्ये सत्य् एव ब्राह्मणस् तु वेदज्ञ इतिवत् तु शब्दोऽत्र मुख्यतां सूचयति । ततः कामस् तु वासुदेवांश इत्य् अस्य वासुदेवांशो यः कामः स एव मुख्य इत्य् अर्थः । तु-शब्दोऽयं भिन्नोपक्रमे वा । ततो वासुदेवांशस् तु काम इत्य् अन्वयेऽपि पूर्ववद् एवार्थः । तद् एवं सति यः प्राग् रुद्रस्य मन्युना दग्धो देवता-विशेषः कामः स देहोपपत्तये तत्- कोप-दग्धतया नित्यम् एवानङ्गतां प्राप्तस्य स्वतो देहापत्त्य्-अभावाद् देह-प्राप्त्य्-अर्थं तम् एव वासुदेवांशं प्रद्युम्नाख्यं कामम् एव प्रत्यपद्यत प्रविष्टवान् । भूयः-शब्देन प्रद्युम्नाद् एव पूर्वम् अप्य् उद्भूतोऽसाव् इति बोध्यते । यद् वा यस् तु प्राग् रुद्र-कोपेनादग्धो न दग्धः स भूयः प्रकट-लीलायां देहोपपत्तये (पगे ३७) स्व-मूर्ति- प्रकाशनार्थं, तं वासुदेवम् एव प्रविष्टवान् । अदग्धत्वे हेतुर् वासुदेवांश इति ॥

[87] atha śrī-pradyumnasyāpi śiva-netra-dagdhaḥ smaro jāto'yam iti yac chrūyate tad apy eka-deśa-prastāva-mātram | tasya śrī-gopāla-tāpanī-śruty-ādau -- yatrāsau saṃsthitaḥ kṛṣṇas tribhiḥ śaktyā samāhitaḥ | rāmāniruddha-pradyumnai rukmiṇyā sahito vibhuḥ || [GTU 2.36] ity ādinā nitya-śrī-kṛṣṇa-catur-vyūhāntaḥ-pātitatayā prasiddhes tathā sambhavābhāvāt | tasya smarasyāpi sādhāraṇa-devatā-viśeṣa-mātratvena prasiddhatve caturvyūhāntaḥ-pātitāyām ayogyatamatvāt | tasmād vakṣyamāṇābhiprāyeṇaivaitad āha -- kāmas tu vāsudevāṃśo dagdhaḥ prāg rudra-manyunā | dehopapattaye bhūyas tam eva pratyapadyata || [BhP 10.55.1] avedajñasyāpi brāhmaṇye saty eva brāhmaṇas tu vedajña itivat tu śabdo'tra mukhyatāṃ sūcayati | tataḥ kāmas tu vāsudevāṃśa ity asya vāsudevāṃśo yaḥ kāmaḥ sa eva mukhya ity arthaḥ | tu-śabdo'yaṃ bhinnopakrame vā | tato vāsudevāṃśas tu kāma ity anvaye'pi pūrvavad evārthaḥ | tad evaṃ sati yaḥ prāg rudrasya manyunā dagdho devatā-viśeṣaḥ kāmaḥ sa dehopapattaye tat- kopa-dagdhatayā nityam evānaṅgatāṃ prāptasya svato dehāpatty-abhāvād deha-prāpty-arthaṃ tam eva vāsudevāṃśaṃ pradyumnākhyaṃ kāmam eva pratyapadyata praviṣṭavān | bhūyaḥ-śabdena pradyumnād eva pūrvam apy udbhūto'sāv iti bodhyate | yad vā yas tu prāg rudra-kopenādagdho na dagdhaḥ sa bhūyaḥ prakaṭa-līlāyāṃ dehopapattaye (page 37) sva-mūrti- prakāśanārthaṃ, taṃ vāsudevam eva praviṣṭavān | adagdhatve hetur vāsudevāṃśa iti ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 91

Anuccheda 91

1 That Sri Krsna is the Original Personality of Godhead from whom all other forms of Godhead emanate is confirmed in the following statement of Srimad Bhagavatam (3.2.15): “Lord Krsna, the Original Personality of Godhead, the all-compassionate controller of both the spiritual and material creations, is unborn, but when there is friction between His peaceful devotees and persons who are in the material modes of nature, He takes birth just like fire, accompanied by His plenary expansions.”* 2 This verse describes how Lord Krsna, accompanied by His expansions, takes birth in the material world. The word ‘mahat’ in this verse means ‘the supremely opulent Personality of Godhead’ and the phrase ‘mahad-amsa-yuktah’ means ‘accompanied by the expansions of the supremely opulent Personality of Godhead’. This use of the word ‘mahat’ may be seen in the following quotations from Vedic literature: “The Personality of Godhead is full of all powers and opulences.’ Katha Upanisad 1.2.22 “The Absolute Truth is the reservoir of all transcendental opulences.’ Vedanta-sutra 1.4.8 “The Personality of Godhead is the master of all planetary systems. He is the supreme living being, full of all powers and opulences.” Visnu-sahasra-nama-stotra Understood in this way, the word ‘mahat’ may refer to the purusa-incarnations of the Lord, or the Lord’s primary or secondary expansions.

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §88 · English §92

Source

[८८] पूर्वोक्तम् एव व्यनक्ति - स एव जातो वैदर्भ्यां कृष्ण-वीर्य-समुद्भवः । प्रद्युम्न इति विख्यातः सर्वतोऽनवमः पितुः ॥ [भ्प् १०.५५.२] यः कृष्ण-वीर्य-समुद्भवो यश् च प्रद्युम्न इति विख्यातः, स एव प्रकट- लीलावसरेऽपो वैदर्भ्यां जात आविर्भूतः । न त्व् अन्यः प्राकृत-काम एव । तत्र हेतुः सर्वतो गुण-रूपादिष्व् अशेषेष्व् एव धर्मेषु पितुः श्री-कृष्णाद् अनवमः तुल्य एवेति । अन्यथा तादृशानवमत्वं न कल्पत इति भावः । तस्माद् यथा महाभारते सर्वत्र श्रीमद्-अर्जुनस्य नरत्व-प्रसिद्धाव् अपि पञ्चेन्द्रोपाख्याने इन्द्रत्व-प्रसिद्धिः इन्द्रस्यापि तत्र प्रवेश-विवक्षया घटते तद्वद् अत्रापि । अतः श्री-नारदेन रत्यै तथोपदेशस् तथा तत्-प्राप्तिश् च न दोषाय । पूर्व- पद्यस्य उत्तरस्मिन्न् अर्थे श्री-नारदोपदेश-बलेनैव दग्ध-कामस्य प्रवेशस् तत्र गम्यः । ततः साक्षात् प्रद्युम्न-सङ्गमे योग्यता चास्याः स्पर्श-मणिवत् तत्-सामीप्य-गुणाद् एव मन्तव्या । श्री-प्रद्युम्नस्य निज- शक्तिस् तु श्रीमद्-अनिरुद्ध-मातैवेति ज्ञेयम् । अतः तापनी-श्रुति-लब्धोऽर्थः समञ्जसः ॥ ॥ १०.५५ ॥ श्री-शुकः ॥ ८७-८८ ॥

[88] pūrvoktam eva vyanakti - sa eva jāto vaidarbhyāṃ kṛṣṇa-vīrya-samudbhavaḥ | pradyumna iti vikhyātaḥ sarvato'navamaḥ pituḥ || [BhP 10.55.2] yaḥ kṛṣṇa-vīrya-samudbhavo yaś ca pradyumna iti vikhyātaḥ, sa eva prakaṭa- līlāvasare'po vaidarbhyāṃ jāta āvirbhūtaḥ | na tv anyaḥ prākṛta-kāma eva | tatra hetuḥ sarvato guṇa-rūpādiṣv aśeṣeṣv eva dharmeṣu pituḥ śrī-kṛṣṇād anavamaḥ tulya eveti | anyathā tādṛśānavamatvaṃ na kalpata iti bhāvaḥ | tasmād yathā mahābhārate sarvatra śrīmad-arjunasya naratva-prasiddhāv api pañcendropākhyāne indratva-prasiddhiḥ indrasyāpi tatra praveśa-vivakṣayā ghaṭate tadvad atrāpi | ataḥ śrī-nāradena ratyai tathopadeśas tathā tat-prāptiś ca na doṣāya | pūrva- padyasya uttarasminn arthe śrī-nāradopadeśa-balenaiva dagdha-kāmasya praveśas tatra gamyaḥ | tataḥ sākṣāt pradyumna-saṅgame yogyatā cāsyāḥ sparśa-maṇivat tat-sāmīpya-guṇād eva mantavyā | śrī-pradyumnasya nija- śaktis tu śrīmad-aniruddha-mātaiveti jñeyam | ataḥ tāpanī-śruti-labdho'rthaḥ samañjasaḥ || || 10.55 || śrī-śukaḥ || 87-88 ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 92

Anuccheda 92

1 That the various incarnations of Godhead appear within the body of Lord Krsna gives us the key to properly understand the following verse spoken by Lord Krsna to Yogamaya (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.2.9): “O all-auspicious Yogamaya, accompanied by My plenary expansions, I shall then appear as the son of Devaki, and you will appear as the daughter of mother Yasoda, the queen of Maharaja Nanda.” In this verse the word ‘amsa-bhagena’ means ‘with some of My plenary expansions.’ The word ‘prapsyami’ (I shall become the son of Devaki) shows us the Lord’s plan for performing pastimes in the material world. When Lord Krsna appears in the material world, all the yuga-avataras also appear within His body. This is confirmed in the following statement of Gargacarya in Srimad Bhagavatam (10.8.13): 2 “Your son Krsna appears as an incarnation in every millennium. In the past, He assumed three different colours - white, red and yellow - and now He has appeared in a blackish colour. (In another Dvapara-yuga, He appeared (as Lord Ramacandra) in colour of suka, a parrot. All such incarnations have now assembled in Krsna).”* 3 This verse may be paraphrased in the following way: “Your son Krsna appears as an incarnation in every millennium. In the past He assumed three different colours - white, red and yellow - and now He has appeared in a blackish colour. In another Dvapara-yuga He appeared (as Lord Ramacandra) in the colour of suka, a parrot. All such incarnations have now assembled in Krsna.”* Because the Original Personality of Godhead has a blackish complexion (krsna), and because He is all-attractive (krsna), He is therefore known as “Krsna”. In the course of describing the worship of the yuga-avataras, Karabhajana Muni gives the following description of Lord Krsna (Srimad Bhagavatam 11.5.27-29): 4 In the Dvapara-yuga the Personality of Godhead appears in a blackish hue. He is dressed in yellow, He holds His own weapons, and He is decorated with the Kaustubha jewel and marks of Srivatsa. This is how His symptoms are described.* 5 “O king, following the Vedas and Tantras, seekers of the truth worship the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who then appears as a great king. 6 “I offer my respectful obeisances unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, expanded as Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha.”* 7 In the verses Karabhajana Muni describes (maharajopalaksanam) the appearance in the Dvapara-yuga of Lord Krsna, who was crowned king of Dvaraka (Hari-vamsa, Visnu-parva, Chapter 50), and who remained in Dvaraka with His catur-vyuha expansions. The verse under discussion (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.8.13, quoted in Text 2) was spoken by Gargacarya to Nanda Maharaja.

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §89 · English §93

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[८९] एवम् अनिरुद्धस्यापि साक्षाच् चतुर्व्यूहत्वे लिङ्गम् आह - अपि स्विद् आस्ते भगवान् सुखं वो यः सात्वतां काम-दुघो ऽनिरुद्धः । यम् आमनन्ति स्म हि शब्द-योनिं मनो-मयं सत्त्व-तुरीय-तत्त्वम् ॥ [भ्प् ३.१.३४] शब्द-योनिं निश्वास-व्यञ्जित-वेद-वृन्दम् । एवं वा अरे अस्य महतो भूतस्य निश्वसितम् एतद् यद् ऋग्-वेदः [बौ २.४.१०] इत्य् आदि-श्रुतेः । मनोमयं चित्ते वासुदेववन् मनस्य् उपास्यम् । सत्त्वं शुद्ध-सत्त्वात्मकः श्री-वासुदेवादि- रूपो भगवान् तत्र तुरीयं रूपम् । अतो बाण-युद्धादौ बन्धनानुकरणादिकम् आत्मेच्छामयी लीलैव श्री-रामचन्द्रादिवत् । अस्य पाद्म-बृहत्-सहस्र-नाम्नि माहात्म्य-नामानि चैतानि - अनिरुद्धो बृहद्-ब्रह्म प्राद्युम्निर् विश्व-मोहनः । चतुर्-आत्मा चतुर्-वर्णश् चतुर्-युग-विधायकः ॥ चतुर्-भेदैक-विश्वात्मा सर्वोत्कृष्टांश-कोटि-सूः । आश्रयात्मा... ॥ इति । अतः श्री-कृष्ण-व्यूहत्वेन महानिरुद्धत्वाद् अस्यैवाविर्भाव-विशेषः प्रलयार्णवादि-धामा पुरुष इति ज्ञेयम् । अत एवाभेदेन जगृहे पौरुषं रूपं भगवान् [भ्प् १.३.१] इत्य्-आद्य्-उक्तं मूल-सङ्कर्षणाद्य्-अंशैर् एव हीतर-सङ्कर्षणाद्य्-अवस्था-त्रयं पुरुषं प्रकाशयतीति । तथैवाभेदेन विष्णु-धर्मोत्तरेऽपीदम् उक्तं तत्र । श्री-वज्र-प्रश्नः - कस् त्व् असौ बाल-रूपेण कल्पान्तेषु पुनः पुनः । दृष्टो यो न त्वया ज्ञातस् तत्र कौतूहलं मम ॥ श्री-मार्कण्डेयोत्तरं च - भूयो भूयस् त्व् असौ दृष्टो मया देवो जगत्-पतिः । कल्प-क्षयेण विज्ञातः स माया-मोहितेन वै ॥ कल्प-क्षये व्यतीते तु तं देवं प्रपितामहात् । अनिरुद्धं विजानामि पितरं ते जगत्-पतिम् ॥ इति । [१.७९.१-३] [वृ. अद्द्स् हेरे: भीष्म-पर्वणि दुर्योधनं प्रति भीष्म-शिक्षायां श्री- कृष्णस्यावतारारम्भे गन्ध-मादनम् आगतस्य ब्रह्मणस् तद्-आविर्भावं मनसि पश्यतस् तु बालस्य तद् इदं वचनम् -- सृष्ट्वा संकर्षणं देवं स्वयम् आत्मानम् आत्मना । कृष्ण त्वम् आत्मनास्राक्षीः प्रद्युम्नं चात्म-संभवम् ॥ प्रद्युम्नाच् चानिरुद्धं त्वं यं विदुर् विष्णुम् अव्ययम् । अनिरुद्धो ऽसृजन् मां वै ब्रह्माणं लोक-धारिणम् ॥ वासुदेव-मयः सो ऽहं त्वयैवास्मि विनिर्मितः ॥ [म्भ् ६.६१.६५-६७] [वृ अद्दितिओन् एन्द्स्] अतएव च पूर्वम् अपि च जगृहे पौरुषं रूपम् इत्य् अत्र श्री-कृष्णस्य अनिरुद्धावतारान्तः-पातित्वं न व्याख्यातम् ॥ ॥ ३.१ ॥ विदुरः श्रीमद्-उद्धवम् ॥ ८९ ॥

[89] evam aniruddhasyāpi sākṣāc caturvyūhatve liṅgam āha - api svid āste bhagavān sukhaṃ vo yaḥ sātvatāṃ kāma-dugho 'niruddhaḥ | yam āmananti sma hi śabda-yoniṃ mano-mayaṃ sattva-turīya-tattvam || [BhP 3.1.34] śabda-yoniṃ niśvāsa-vyañjita-veda-vṛndam | evaṃ vā are asya mahato bhūtasya niśvasitam etad yad ṛg-vedaḥ [BAU 2.4.10] ity ādi-śruteḥ | manomayaṃ citte vāsudevavan manasy upāsyam | sattvaṃ śuddha-sattvātmakaḥ śrī-vāsudevādi- rūpo bhagavān tatra turīyaṃ rūpam | ato bāṇa-yuddhādau bandhanānukaraṇādikam ātmecchāmayī līlaiva śrī-rāmacandrādivat | asya pādma-bṛhat-sahasra-nāmni māhātmya-nāmāni caitāni - aniruddho bṛhad-brahma prādyumnir viśva-mohanaḥ | catur-ātmā catur-varṇaś catur-yuga-vidhāyakaḥ || catur-bhedaika-viśvātmā sarvotkṛṣṭāṃśa-koṭi-sūḥ | āśrayātmā... || iti | ataḥ śrī-kṛṣṇa-vyūhatvena mahāniruddhatvād asyaivāvirbhāva-viśeṣaḥ pralayārṇavādi-dhāmā puruṣa iti jñeyam | ata evābhedena jagṛhe pauruṣaṃ rūpaṃ bhagavān [BhP 1.3.1] ity-ādy-uktaṃ mūla-saṅkarṣaṇādy-aṃśair eva hītara-saṅkarṣaṇādy-avasthā-trayaṃ puruṣaṃ prakāśayatīti | tathaivābhedena viṣṇu-dharmottare'pīdam uktaṃ tatra | śrī-vajra-praśnaḥ - kas tv asau bāla-rūpeṇa kalpānteṣu punaḥ punaḥ | dṛṣṭo yo na tvayā jñātas tatra kautūhalaṃ mama || śrī-mārkaṇḍeyottaraṃ ca - bhūyo bhūyas tv asau dṛṣṭo mayā devo jagat-patiḥ | kalpa-kṣayeṇa vijñātaḥ sa māyā-mohitena vai || kalpa-kṣaye vyatīte tu taṃ devaṃ prapitāmahāt | aniruddhaṃ vijānāmi pitaraṃ te jagat-patim || iti | [1.79.1-3] [Vṛ. adds here: bhīṣma-parvaṇi duryodhanaṃ prati bhīṣma-śikṣāyāṃ śrī- kṛṣṇasyāvatārārambhe gandha-mādanam āgatasya brahmaṇas tad-āvirbhāvaṃ manasi paśyatas tu bālasya tad idaṃ vacanam -- sṛṣṭvā saṃkarṣaṇaṃ devaṃ svayam ātmānam ātmanā | kṛṣṇa tvam ātmanāsrākṣīḥ pradyumnaṃ cātma-saṃbhavam || pradyumnāc cāniruddhaṃ tvaṃ yaṃ vidur viṣṇum avyayam | aniruddho 'sṛjan māṃ vai brahmāṇaṃ loka-dhāriṇam || vāsudeva-mayaḥ so 'haṃ tvayaivāsmi vinirmitaḥ || [MBh 6.61.65-67] [Vṛ addition ends] ataeva ca pūrvam api ca jagṛhe pauruṣaṃ rūpam ity atra śrī-kṛṣṇasya aniruddhāvatārāntaḥ-pātitvaṃ na vyākhyātam || || 3.1 || viduraḥ śrīmad-uddhavam || 89 ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 93

Anuccheda 93

1 Although we have clearly proven that Sri Krsna is the Supreme Personality of Godhead and His form is eternal, doubt may linger in the minds of the less intelligent, to eradicate these doubts we shall continue this description of Sri Krsna. That the form of Krsna is eternal is proven by the Vedic literatures’ repeated order that Krsna be worshipped. If the form of Krsna were only a temporary manifestation, then what is the use of worshipping Him? If the scriptures advise us to worship that which is temporary, then the scriptures are defective and are cheating us. In truth the Vedic literatures teach us the supreme goal of life, and they are free from all defect. If they instruct us to worship Sri Krsna, then the form of Sri Krsna is certainly eternal and spiritual. Krsna is not a temporary manifestation of material energy. Sarva-samvadini Comment 1 After reading the argument of Anuccheda 93, text 1, someone may raise the following objection: When a child is stricken with a disease, one may speak many untrue words to coax him to take a medicine which will cure him. In the same way, the Vedas instruct the conditioned souls to worship the Personality of Godhead. This is certainly beneficial for the conditioned souls who become purified by that worship and enabled to understand the actual nature of the Absolute, which is formless and without qualities. 2 To this objection I reply: The Supreme Personality of Godhead is an eternal reservoir of unlimited transcendental qualities, opulences and forms. The Supreme Personality of Godhead and His various incarnations such as Lord Narayana and others, are eternally present in the spiritual world, although they enter this material world as incarnations for a certain limited period of time, the Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad explains (3.8.3): The Absolute Truth exists eternally. He was in the past. He is in the present. He will be in the future.” This describes the eternal form of the Lord. 3 The eternality of the form of the Supreme Personality of Godhead is also described in the following statement of the Uttara-mimamsa: “The Supreme is manifest in many forms”. 4 The eternality of the form of the Personality of Godhead is also described in the following statement of the Gopala-tapani Upanisad (1.20). “They who are intelligent worship Lord Krsna. They, and not others, attain eternal transcendental bliss.” This verse clearly describes the Lord’s form as eternal. They who interpret it in another way are committing a great violence to the meaning of the scriptures. 5 In this verse the worshippers of Lord Krsna are described as the possessors of eternal happiness. This means they are liberated from material entanglement, for as long as one remains in the clutches of matter his position is continuously changing, and he cannot attain eternal happiness. Because the devotees of Lord Krsna are thus liberated, one cannot say that they are ignorant of the actual nature of things, for knowledge is a prerequisite for liberation. This is confirmed by the Smrti-sastra which says: “When one attains transcendental knowledge he becomes liberated.” Our opponent says the devotees of the Lord in a lesser position, and he pushes forward the example of cajoling the sick child to convince him to take the medicine. This example is not very appropriate, for the devotees of the Lord are described as ‘dhira’, advanced saintly persons. They are not at all like ignorant children. Our opponent would have it that there are different stage of spiritual advancement, and the devotees are in the lower stage, while the impersonalists are on the higher stage. This view is rejected by this statement of Gopala-tapani Upanisad, which considers the devotees of the Lord the best of transcendentalists (“Only such devotees of the Lord, and not others, are able to attain eternal transcendental bliss”). 6 The Chandogya Upanisad (7.1.5) explains: “One should worship the Supreme Brahman.” From this we may understand that the Supreme Brahman is a person, and He is eternal, for if this conclusion is rejected, and the theory of the impersonalists is accepted, there is no need to worship Brahman. That the Chandogya Upanisad mentions worship of Brahman supports the actual conclusion, that the Supreme Brahman is a person and His form is eternal. This conclusion is also supported by the Patanjali Yoga-sutra, which explains (Sadhana-parva, Sutra 44): “By study of Vedic literature one understands the Supreme Person.” 2 At this point the mayavadis may object: The ultimate truth is the formless impersonal Brahman. In order to make itself perceived by the unintelligent, Brahman may sometimes assume a temporary form, such as the form of Krsna, but the ultimate truth cannot actually have forms or qualities, for the ultimate is unlimited, and a form is always limited within a certain space, and qualities are also limitations. Therefore, because it is unlimited, the Absolute Truth cannot have a form or qualities. To this objection the followers of Sridhara Svami reply by quoting the following verse of Srimad Bhagavatam (11.31.6): “By performing agneyi-yoga, mystics burn the material body in the fire of mystic yoga, and by giving up the body in this way, attain the upper planets or the spiritual world. When Sri Krsna left the material world, however, He did not burn His beautiful body which is so pleasing to the devotees who continually meditate upon it, but without changing His body directly returned to His own abode in the spiritual world.”*** If the body of Lord Krsna is only a temporary manifestation, then the devotees’ meditation described in this verse is empty and useless. Actually such meditation is not at all useless, for by continually meditating on the form of the Lord Krsna, one may eventually see Him face-to-face. 3 The direct appearance of the Lord and the worship of Him by the devotees residing in the nine varsas is described in Srimad Bhagavatam (5.17.14): “To show mercy to His devotees in each of these nine tracts of land, the Supreme Personality of Godhead known as Narayana expands Himself in His quadruple principles of Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha. In this way He remains near His devotees to accept their service.”* 4 This passage describes how, in the presence of His devotees, the Lord personally appears in the form of Pradyumna and other visnu-tattva expansions. This passage describes the direct appearance (atmana) of the Lord. The Lord also appears eternally in the form of the Deity, such as the form of Lord Nrsimha and other forms manifested among the Salagrama-silas. In this way the Lord incarnates in many forms. 5 The direct revelation of Lord Krsna to His devotee is described in the Krsna-sahasra-nama prayers of the Visnu-dharma Purana, Uttara-khanda: “Pleased at heart by these sincere prayers, Lord Visnu revealed the form of Sri Krsna, whose dark form was the colour of a tamala tree, whose hair was decorated with a peacock feather, and who was accompanied by the gopis. 6 “Lord Krsna addressed that devotee in the following words: O fortunate one, O best of the wise, know that I am Sri Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and I have now appeared before you because of your great devotion. I grant you the benediction that all your spiritual desires will become perfectly fulfilled.” 7 The revelation of the eternal form of Sri Krsna is also described in the Padma Purana, Nirmana-khanda, where Lord Krsna says to Brahma: “O Brahma, see My original form as Lord Krsna, which I now reveal to you. This form is very confidential and difficult to see. It cannot be known simply by studying the verses of the Vedas. 8 After speaking this words, the Lord revealed His original form to Brahma, who described this revelation in the following words: “O king, I then saw the form of Lord Krsna, who was a cowherd boy with a complexion like a dark rain-cloud. He was accompanied by many gopis, and was laughing and joking with His cowherd friends. He was arrayed in yellow garments and was very handsome and wonderful to see. He was seated at the base of a kadamba tree in the forest of Vrndavana, which was decorated with many blossoming plants and trees.” 9 That the form of Sri Krsna is eternally manifested and may be seen at any time by the sincere devotee is confirmed in the following verse from the Trailokya-sammohana Tantra: “A properly initiated devotee who continually chants this eighteen syllable Krsna mantra with a controlled mind will certainly see this form of Lord Hari as a cowherd boy. Of this there is no doubt.” 10 This eternal form of Lord Krsna is described in the same words in the following passage from Gautamiya Tantra in a passage describing the proper conduct of saintly persons. “A properly initiated devotee who continually chants this Krsna-mantra with a controlled mind will certainly see this form of Lord Hari as a cowherd boy. Of this there is no doubt.” 11 The revelation of the eternal form of Sri Krsna is also described in the following statement of the Gopala-tapani Upanisad (1.29): “Brahma replied: I continually glorified the Lord and meditated upon Him for millions of years, and at last I was able to understand the transcendental form of the Lord as Sri Krsna, in the dress of a cowherd boy.”* 12 That the form of Krsna is eternal and eternally remains in the spiritual abode of Vrndavana is confirmed in the following verse from the introduction (mangalacaranam) of the Brhan-naradiya Purana: “I offer my respectful obeisances to Lord Krsna, who is like a transcendental palace that delights the goddess of fortune, Srimati Radharani. Lord Krsna eternally remains in the spiritual abode known as Vrndavana.” 13 That the form of Sri Krsna is eternally manifested is also confirmed in the following verse from the Dvaraka-mahatmya section of the Skanda Purana, where Prahlada Maharaja tells Bali Maharaja: “Accompanied by Queen Rukmini, Lord Krsna eternally remains in the palaces of Dvaraka.” 14 That the form of Sri Krsna is eternal is also confirmed in the following verse in the Karttika-mahatmya of the Padma Purana: “O Lord Hari, who eternally stays with Sri Radha, I have carefully followed the rules and regulations of Karttika-vrata, and I have carefully taken my early bath. In this purified condition I am offering this gift of arghya. Please accept it.” 15 In this mantra, the eighteen-syllable Krsna-mantra, and other mantras, the supreme worshipableness of Lord Krsna is described. These mantras present the actual conclusion of the Vedas, and not whatever verses may be found to encourage the worship of the limited demigods who control the lighting and heating of the material universe. What need is there to speak more elaborately on this point? Lord Govinda is glorified in all the Vedas. Even the scriptures prescribing various atonements for various sins describe the supremacy of Lord Krsna. For example in the Bodhayana-sastra it is said: “The home-sacrifices should be performed for the satisfaction of Lord Govinda.” We also find this quote in the Bodhayana-sastra: “O Lord Govinda, o beloved of the gopis, O Supreme Controller, O killer of Kamsa, O Lord worshipped by the demigods, O merciful Lord pleased by the cows and calves of Gokula, O Supreme Lord who kills the demons, please cure me of arsa (piles).” 16 Lord Krsna is also described in the following verse of the Bodhayana-sastra: “O Lord Govinda, O beloved of the gopis, O Supreme Controller, O killer of Kamsa, O supreme object of worship for the demigods, O Lord who expertly lifted the great Govardhana Hill with one hand and protected all the cows, calves and cowherds of Vraja, O best of the gopas, please cure the blindness in my eyes.” 17 That Sri Krsna is the eternal Supreme Personality of Godhead is also clearly described in the Gopala-tapani Upanisad (1.38): “With eloquent prayers I and the Maruts please Lord Govinda, whose form is eternal and full of knowledge and bliss, who stays in Vrndavana and who is the five-word mantra.” 18 That Lord Krsna is pleased by devotional activities, and that He appears before the devotees to reciprocate the devotees’ love is described in the Visnu-dharma Purana (already quoted in text 6): “O fortunate one, I have now appeared before you because of your great devotion.” Sarva-samvadini Comment 1 After reading this quotation from the Trailokya-sammohana Tanta (text 9), and the other quotations which follow it, some garrulous critics may protest that Sri Krsna is not the Original Personality of Godhead, but some other, lesser deity is the Original Supreme Lord. This conclusion is not held by the Sruti-sastra or the other Vedic literatures, where the supremacy of Sri Krsna is strenuously asserted. For example, the assembled demigods affirm the supremacy of Lord Krsna in the following words (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.2.31): 2 “O Lord, who resemble the shining sun, You are always ready to fulfil the desire of Your devotee, and therefore, You are known as a desire tree (vancha-kalpataru). When acaryas completely take shelter under Your lotus feet in order to cross the fierce ocean of nescience, they leave behind on earth the method by which they cross, and because You are very merciful to Your other devotees, You accept this method to help them.” 3 Understanding the definitive conclusion of the unbroken disciplic succession of bona-fide spiritual masters, that Sri Krsna is the unlimited, eternal Personality of Godhead, some fortunate persons make the service of Lord Krsna’s lotus feet the only goal of their lives. Sri Krsna appears in this world in many different forms for the benefit of these pure devotees (Bhagavad-gita 4.11). This action of the Lord is described in this verse (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.2.31 quoted above). (Here the Sarva-samvadini Commentary ends and the main text of the Sandarbha continues). 19 What need is there to present more evidence to prove that Sri Krsna is the eternal Supreme Personality of Godhead? That the eternal Supreme Lord, accompanied by His associates and paraphernalia (who are all manifested from His cit-sakti, spiritual potency) is eternally manifested and that He simply appears and disappears from the sight of the conditioned souls in the material world, has already been clearly proven in the second (Bhagavat-sandarbha). The Lord’s associates are all eternal, and certainly the Original Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna, is eternal. 20 That the forms of Lord Krsna and His plenary expansions are eternal, and not limited to the time of their temporary appearance in the material world, is confirmed in the following verses from Tantra-bhagavata quoted in Sripada Madhvacarya’s commentary on Srimad Bhagavatam 1.3.1: “It appears that the forms of Lord Krsna, Rama, and the purusa-avataras appear at a certain time and then again, after a certain time they cease to exists. Actually these forms of the Lord are all eternal and unchanging, and they are the controllers of the ignorance that covers their actual nature and convinces the conditioned souls that the Supreme Lord is born at a certain time, and then again dies at a certain time. The appearance and disappearance of the Lord is only with reference to the material world, for the Lord is eternally manifest in the spiritual world.” 21 That the Supreme Personality of Godhead is both eternal and all-pervading is described by Sridhara Svami in his commentary on Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.12.11): “This verse describes how Lord Krsna was manifest before Pariksit and then again, disappeared form his sight. It is not however, that Lord Krsna was present before King Pariksit, and then He travelled to another place. The Lord is simultaneously present everywhere. Sometimes He is visible, and sometimes not. This is the actual meaning of the word ‘vibhuh’ (all powerful) used in this verse.” 22 That all the forms of the Personality of Godhead are eternal is confirmed by the following passage from the Catur-veda-sikha, quoted in the commentary of Sripada Madhvacarya: “The Personality of Godhead said: I appear as Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna, Aniruddha, Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Nrsimha, Vamana, Parasurama, Ramacandra, Balarama, Krsna, Buddha and Kalki. I appear in hundreds and thousands of forms. All these forms of Mine are unlimited and immeasurable. They are never born, and neither do they ever die. Because they are never bound by the ignorance of material existence, they are always liberated, and therefore the prospect of their becoming liberated at a future time is meaningless. They are perfect, complete , full of transcendental bliss, and always free of old-age and death.” 23 The eternality of the Lord’s form is also confirmed in the following quotations from Vedic literature: “Millennium after millennium Lord Visnu manifests His eternal form within this material world, killing the demons and protecting the devotees.” Nrsimha Purana The form of Lord Nrsimha is eternal” Commentary on the Nrsimha tapani Upanisad “The Supreme Personality of Godhead appears in the eternal, transcendental form of Lord Nrsimha.” Sruti-sastra 24 In the Brahma Purana, the Uttara-khanda of the Padma Purana and many other Vedic literatures, many verses explain that Lord Matsya and the other transcendental forms of Personality of Godhead are eternally manifested in the spiritual world of Vaikuntha. For example, it is said in the Narayana-varma prayers: “May the eternal form of the Lord Matsya protect me when I am in the water.” 26 From all this evidence we may conclude that the form of Lord Krsna, the Original Personality of Godhead, is eternal. To consider the Lord’s form a temporary material manifestation is a grievous sin for the living entities, and to dispel the illusion that is the cause of this sin, and thus enlighten the living entities about the truth that Lord Krsna is the supreme object of worship, Sukadeva Gosvami glorified the Lord in the following words (Srimad Bhagavatam 2.4.20): 27 “May Lord Sri Krsna, who is the worshipable Lord of all the devotees, the protector and glory of all kings like Andhaka and Vrsni of the Yadu dynasty, the husband of all goddesses of fortune, the director of all sacrifices and therefore the leader of all living entities, the controller of all intelligence, the proprietor of all planets, spiritual and material, and the supreme incarnation on the earth (the supreme all in all) be merciful upon me.”* The meaning of this verse is clear.

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §90 · English §94

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[९०] तद् एतत् तस्य चतुर्व्यूहात्मकस्यैव पूर्णत्वं व्याख्यातम् । श्री- गोपालोत्तर-तापन्याम् अपि (पगे ३८) तथैवायं प्रणवार्थत्वेन दर्शितः - रोहिणी-तनयो रामो अ-काराक्षर-सम्भवः । तैजसात्मकः प्रद्युम्नो उ-काराक्षर-सम्भवः ॥ प्राज्ञात्मकोऽनिरुद्धो म-काराक्षर-सम्भवः । अर्ध-मात्रात्मकः कृष्णो यस्मिन् विश्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ इति [ग्तु २.५५-५६] अथ श्री-कृष्णेऽवतरति तत्-तद्-अंशावताराणाम् अपि प्रवेश इति यद् उद्दिष्टं तद् यथा अत्र कृष्णस् तु भगवान् स्वयम् इत्य् आदिकं सिद्धम् एव तथा तस्य तद्-रूपेणैव श्री-वृन्दावनादौ सर्वदावस्थायित्वं प्रतिपादयिष्यामः । अथ च श्री-हरि-वंश-मते उपेन्द्र एवावततारेति । जय-विजय-शाप-प्रस्तावे च - यास्यामि भवनं ब्रह्मन्न् एतद्-अन्ते एवानघ [भ्प् ११.३.३१] इत्य् अत्र च पाहि वैकुण्ठ-किङ्करान् [भ्प् ११.६.२७] इत्य् अत्र च स्वामि-व्याख्यानुसारेण विकण्ठा-सुत एवेति क्वचित् क्षीरोदशाय्य एवेति क्वचित् पुरुष एवेति, क्वचिन् नारायण-र्षिर् एवेति बृहत्-सहस्र-नाम्नि लक्ष्मणस्यैव बलरामत्व- कथनेन श्री-राघव एवेति क्वचिन् नारायण-केश एवेत्य् आदिकं नाना- विधत्वं श्रूयते । एवं चैकं सन्धित्सतोऽन्यत् प्रच्यवतोऽत्र सत्यं च सर्वं वाक्यम् । [वृ. अद्द्स्: यथा स्व-मत्य्-अनुभवानुरूपात् नाना-वाक्यैक-वाक्यता च । यथा क्रम-मुक्ति-मार्गेऽर्चिर्-आदि-क्रम एवाङ्गी, नाडी-रश्म्य्-आदि-मार्गास् तु तद्-अङ्गत्वेनैव अर्चिर्-आदिना तत्-प्रथितेः [व्स्. ४.३.१] इति सूत्रे स्वीक्रियन्ते तद्वत् । यतः स्वयं भगवत्य् अवतरति सर्वेऽपि ते प्रविष्टा इति यदा यत् किञ्चिद् येनानुभूतम्, तदा तेन तद् एव निर्दिष्टम् इति । [वृ. एन्द्स् हेरे.] तस्माद् विद्वद्भिर् एवं विचार्यताम् - स्वयं भगवति तस्मिन् प्रवेशं विना कथं तत् सम्भवेद् इति । दृश्यते च तस्मात् केषांचिद् अंशानां पुनर् आविर्भावः यथा प्रद्युम्नादीनाम् । अतएव विकुण्ठा-सुतस्य प्रवेशाभिप्रायेणैव शिशुपाल-दन्तवक्रयोः श्री-कृष्ण-सायुज्यम् एव तदानीं जातम् - पुनर् अवतार-लीलाम् आप्तौ श्री-विकुण्ठा-सुते स्व-धाम- गते पार्षदत्व-प्राप्तिः । यथोक्तं श्री-नारदेन - वैरानुबन्ध-तीव्रेण ध्यानेनाच्युत-सात्मताम् । नीतौ पुनर् हरेः पार्श्वं जग्मतुर् विष्णु-पार्षदौ ॥ [भ्प् ७.१.४६] इति । तथा हरि-वंशे च क्षीरोद-शायिनो मुकुटे दैत्यापहृते दैत्य-मारणाय गरुडो यावत् कृत-विलम्बस् तावत् श्री-कृष्णोऽवततार । ततश् चासौ मुकुटम् आहृत्य तत्र चोर्ध्व-लोके कुत्रापि भगवन्तम् अदृष्ट्वा गोमन्त-शिरसि श्री- कृष्णायैव समर्पितवान् इति प्रसिद्धिः । [वृ. अद्द्स्: एवम् एव बलि-सद्-गतयोः श्री-कृष्ण-रामयोस् तद्-द्वारस्थ-विष्णु- दर्शनम् । किन्तु तत्-तद्-वाक्यार्थ-पर्यालोचनया केषांचिन् मूर्त्य्-आकर्षणं हरि-वंश-गत-गिरि-गुहाशयन-पर्यालोचनया तु तच्-छक्त्य्-आकर्षणम् इति लभ्यते । तच् च तदानीम् आत्मनि सर्वेषाम् एव भक्तानाम् एकतानताकृति- लीला-कौतुकार्थम् एवेति च गम्यते । [वृ. अद्दितिओन् एन्द्स् हेरे.] अतो यथा क्रम-मुक्ति-मार्गेऽर्चिर्-आदि-क्रम एवाङ्गी नाडी-रश्म्य्-आदि-विधि- क्रमस् तु तद्-अङ्गत्वेनैव प्रस्तूयते तद्वद् इहापीति । अर्चिर्-आदिना तत्- प्रथितेः [व्स्. ४.३.१] इत्य् एष न्यायोऽत्र दृष्टान्तयितव्यः । त्वं ब्रह्म परमं व्योम पुरुषः प्रकृतेः परः । अवतीर्णो ऽसि भगवन् स्वेच्छोपात्त-पृथग्-वपुः ॥ [भ्प् ११.११.२८] (पगे ३९) साक्षाद् भगवान् एव त्वम् अवतीर्णोऽसि । भगवत एव वैभवम् आह - ब्रह्मत्वं परम-व्योमाख्यो वैकुण्ठस् त्वं प्रकृतेः परः पुरुषोऽपि त्वम् इति । भगवान् अपि कथम्भूतः सन्न् अवतीर्णः । [वृ. अद्द्स्: स्वेच्छामयस्य इत्य् अनुसारेण स्वेषां सर्वेषाम् एव भक्तानां या इच्छा तां पूरयितुम् उपात्तानि ततस् ततः स्वतः आकृष्टानि पृथग्-वपूंषि निज-तत्-तद्-आविर्भावा येन तथाभूतः सन्न् इति । तं प्रति यथाह जाम्बवान् यस्येषद्-उत्कलित-रोष-कटाक्ष-मोक्षैर् वर्त्मादिशत् क्षुभित-नक्र-तिमिङ्गिलो ऽब्धिः । सेतुः कृतः स्व-यश उज्ज्वलिता च लङ्का रक्षः-शिरांसि भुवि पेतुर् इषु-क्षतानि ॥ [भ्प् १०.५६.५८] यथा च देवाः - केतुस् त्रि-विक्रम-युतस् त्रि-पतत्-पताको यस् ते भयाभय-करो ऽसुर-देव-चम्वोः । स्वर्गाय साधुषु खलेष्व् इतराय भूमन् पादः पुनातु भगवन् भजताम् अघं नः ॥ [भ्प् ११.६.१३] यथा वा ब्रह्मा नारायणस् त्वम् इत्य् आदौ नारायणोऽङ्ग नर-भू-जलायनात् [भ्प् १०.१४.४] इति । अतएवाक्रूरः - अद्भुतानीह यावन्ति भूमौ वियति वा जले । त्वयि विश्वात्मके तानि किं मे ऽदृष्टं विपश्यतः ॥ [भ्प् १०.४१.४] अतएव - गोविन्द-भुज-गुप्तायां द्वारवत्यां कुरूद्वह । अवात्सीन् नारदो ऽभीक्ष्णं कृष्णोपासन-लालसः ॥ [भ्प् ११.२.१] [वृ. अद्दितिओन् एन्द्स् हेरे.] स्वेच्छयोपात्तानि ततस् तत आकृष्टानि पृथग्-वपूंषि निज-तत्-तद्-आविर्भावा येन तथाभूतः सन्न् इति । ॥ ११.११ ॥ उद्धवः श्री-भगवन्तम् ॥ ९० ॥

[90] tad etat tasya caturvyūhātmakasyaiva pūrṇatvaṃ vyākhyātam | śrī- gopālottara-tāpanyām api (page 38) tathaivāyaṃ praṇavārthatvena darśitaḥ - rohiṇī-tanayo rāmo a-kārākṣara-sambhavaḥ | taijasātmakaḥ pradyumno u-kārākṣara-sambhavaḥ || prājñātmako'niruddho ma-kārākṣara-sambhavaḥ | ardha-mātrātmakaḥ kṛṣṇo yasmin viśvaṃ pratiṣṭhitam || iti [GTU 2.55-56] atha śrī-kṛṣṇe'vatarati tat-tad-aṃśāvatārāṇām api praveśa iti yad uddiṣṭaṃ tad yathā atra kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayam ity ādikaṃ siddham eva tathā tasya tad-rūpeṇaiva śrī-vṛndāvanādau sarvadāvasthāyitvaṃ pratipādayiṣyāmaḥ | atha ca śrī-hari-vaṃśa-mate upendra evāvatatāreti | jaya-vijaya-śāpa-prastāve ca - yāsyāmi bhavanaṃ brahmann etad-ante evānagha [BhP 11.3.31] ity atra ca pāhi vaikuṇṭha-kiṅkarān [BhP 11.6.27] ity atra ca svāmi-vyākhyānusāreṇa vikaṇṭhā-suta eveti kvacit kṣīrodaśāyya eveti kvacit puruṣa eveti, kvacin nārāyaṇa-rṣir eveti bṛhat-sahasra-nāmni lakṣmaṇasyaiva balarāmatva- kathanena śrī-rāghava eveti kvacin nārāyaṇa-keśa evety ādikaṃ nānā- vidhatvaṃ śrūyate | evaṃ caikaṃ sandhitsato'nyat pracyavato'tra satyaṃ ca sarvaṃ vākyam | [Vṛ. adds: yathā sva-maty-anubhavānurūpāt nānā-vākyaika-vākyatā ca | yathā krama-mukti-mārge'rcir-ādi-krama evāṅgī, nāḍī-raśmy-ādi-mārgās tu tad-aṅgatvenaiva arcir-ādinā tat-prathiteḥ [Vs. 4.3.1] iti sūtre svīkriyante tadvat | yataḥ svayaṃ bhagavaty avatarati sarve'pi te praviṣṭā iti yadā yat kiñcid yenānubhūtam, tadā tena tad eva nirdiṣṭam iti | [Vṛ. ends here.] tasmād vidvadbhir evaṃ vicāryatām - svayaṃ bhagavati tasmin praveśaṃ vinā kathaṃ tat sambhaved iti | dṛśyate ca tasmāt keṣāṃcid aṃśānāṃ punar āvirbhāvaḥ yathā pradyumnādīnām | ataeva vikuṇṭhā-sutasya praveśābhiprāyeṇaiva śiśupāla-dantavakrayoḥ śrī-kṛṣṇa-sāyujyam eva tadānīṃ jātam - punar avatāra-līlām āptau śrī-vikuṇṭhā-sute sva-dhāma- gate pārṣadatva-prāptiḥ | yathoktaṃ śrī-nāradena - vairānubandha-tīvreṇa dhyānenācyuta-sātmatām | nītau punar hareḥ pārśvaṃ jagmatur viṣṇu-pārṣadau || [BhP 7.1.46] iti | tathā hari-vaṃśe ca kṣīroda-śāyino mukuṭe daityāpahṛte daitya-māraṇāya garuḍo yāvat kṛta-vilambas tāvat śrī-kṛṣṇo'vatatāra | tataś cāsau mukuṭam āhṛtya tatra cordhva-loke kutrāpi bhagavantam adṛṣṭvā gomanta-śirasi śrī- kṛṣṇāyaiva samarpitavān iti prasiddhiḥ | [Vṛ. adds: evam eva bali-sad-gatayoḥ śrī-kṛṣṇa-rāmayos tad-dvārastha-viṣṇu- darśanam | kintu tat-tad-vākyārtha-paryālocanayā keṣāṃcin mūrty-ākarṣaṇaṃ hari-vaṃśa-gata-giri-guhāśayana-paryālocanayā tu tac-chakty-ākarṣaṇam iti labhyate | tac ca tadānīm ātmani sarveṣām eva bhaktānām ekatānatākṛti- līlā-kautukārtham eveti ca gamyate | [Vṛ. addition ends here.] ato yathā krama-mukti-mārge'rcir-ādi-krama evāṅgī nāḍī-raśmy-ādi-vidhi- kramas tu tad-aṅgatvenaiva prastūyate tadvad ihāpīti | arcir-ādinā tat- prathiteḥ [Vs. 4.3.1] ity eṣa nyāyo'tra dṛṣṭāntayitavyaḥ | tvaṃ brahma paramaṃ vyoma puruṣaḥ prakṛteḥ paraḥ | avatīrṇo 'si bhagavan svecchopātta-pṛthag-vapuḥ || [BhP 11.11.28] (page 39) sākṣād bhagavān eva tvam avatīrṇo'si | bhagavata eva vaibhavam āha - brahmatvaṃ parama-vyomākhyo vaikuṇṭhas tvaṃ prakṛteḥ paraḥ puruṣo'pi tvam iti | bhagavān api kathambhūtaḥ sann avatīrṇaḥ | [Vṛ. adds: svecchāmayasya ity anusāreṇa sveṣāṃ sarveṣām eva bhaktānāṃ yā icchā tāṃ pūrayitum upāttāni tatas tataḥ svataḥ ākṛṣṭāni pṛthag-vapūṃṣi nija-tat-tad-āvirbhāvā yena tathābhūtaḥ sann iti | taṃ prati yathāha jāmbavān yasyeṣad-utkalita-roṣa-kaṭākṣa-mokṣair vartmādiśat kṣubhita-nakra-timiṅgilo 'bdhiḥ | setuḥ kṛtaḥ sva-yaśa ujjvalitā ca laṅkā rakṣaḥ-śirāṃsi bhuvi petur iṣu-kṣatāni || [BhP 10.56.58] yathā ca devāḥ - ketus tri-vikrama-yutas tri-patat-patāko yas te bhayābhaya-karo 'sura-deva-camvoḥ | svargāya sādhuṣu khaleṣv itarāya bhūman pādaḥ punātu bhagavan bhajatām aghaṃ naḥ || [BhP 11.6.13] yathā vā brahmā nārāyaṇas tvam ity ādau nārāyaṇo'ṅga nara-bhū-jalāyanāt [BhP 10.14.4] iti | ataevākrūraḥ - adbhutānīha yāvanti bhūmau viyati vā jale | tvayi viśvātmake tāni kiṃ me 'dṛṣṭaṃ vipaśyataḥ || [BhP 10.41.4] ataeva - govinda-bhuja-guptāyāṃ dvāravatyāṃ kurūdvaha | avātsīn nārado 'bhīkṣṇaṃ kṛṣṇopāsana-lālasaḥ || [BhP 11.2.1] [Vṛ. addition ends here.] svecchayopāttāni tatas tata ākṛṣṭāni pṛthag-vapūṃṣi nija-tat-tad-āvirbhāvā yena tathābhūtaḥ sann iti | || 11.11 || uddhavaḥ śrī-bhagavantam || 90 ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 94

Anuccheda 94

That Sri Krsna is the eternal Personality of Godhead is also confirmed in the following statement of the cowherd residents of Vrndavana (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.26.25): “Let Krsna, who is so kind, beautiful and merciful, protect us. When angry Indra sent torrents of rain, accompanied by showers of ice blocks and high wind, He immediately took compassion upon us and saved us and out families, cows, and valuable possessions by picking up the Govardhana Hill, just as a child picks up a mushroom. He saved us so wonderfully. May He continue to mercifully glance over us and our cows. May we live peacefully under the protection of wonderful Krsna.”* This verse is spoken by Sukadeva Gosvami.

Kṛṣṇa · Sanskrit §91 · English §95–96

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[९१] तद् एवं प्रमाणवत्त्वे प्रयोजनवत्त्वे स्थिते तम् एव प्रवेशम् आह - स्व-शान्त-रूपेष्व् इतरैः स्व-रूपैर् अभ्यर्द्यमानेष्व् अनुकम्पितात्मा । परावरेशो महद्-अंश-युक्तो ह्य् अजो ऽपि जातो भगवान् यथाग्निः ॥ [भ्प् ३.२.१५] तच् च जन्म निज-तत्-तद्-अंशान्य् आदायैवेत्य् आह महद्-अंश-युक्तः । महतः स्वस्यैवांशैर् युक्तः । महान्तं विभुम् आत्मानम् [कठु १.२.२२] इत्य् आदि श्रुतेः, महच् चेति [व्स् १.४.८] न्याय-प्रसिद्धेश् च । महान्तो ये पुरुषादयोऽंशास् तैर् युक्त इति वा । लोकनाथं महद्-भूतम् इतिवद् आत्मत्वाव्यभिचारः । महद्भिर् अंशिभिर् अंशैश् च युक्त इति वा ॥ ॥ ३.२ ॥ विदुरं श्रीमद्-उद्धवः ॥ ९१ ॥

[91] tad evaṃ pramāṇavattve prayojanavattve sthite tam eva praveśam āha - sva-śānta-rūpeṣv itaraiḥ sva-rūpair abhyardyamāneṣv anukampitātmā | parāvareśo mahad-aṃśa-yukto hy ajo 'pi jāto bhagavān yathāgniḥ || [BhP 3.2.15] tac ca janma nija-tat-tad-aṃśāny ādāyaivety āha mahad-aṃśa-yuktaḥ | mahataḥ svasyaivāṃśair yuktaḥ | mahāntaṃ vibhum ātmānam [KaṭhU 1.2.22] ity ādi śruteḥ, mahac ceti [Vs 1.4.8] nyāya-prasiddheś ca | mahānto ye puruṣādayo'ṃśās tair yukta iti vā | lokanāthaṃ mahad-bhūtam itivad ātmatvāvyabhicāraḥ | mahadbhir aṃśibhir aṃśaiś ca yukta iti vā || || 3.2 || viduraṃ śrīmad-uddhavaḥ || 91 ||

English translation

English witness · section(s) 95–96

Anuccheda 95

That Sri Krsna is eternal is also confirmed by the following verse spoken by Suta Gosvami (Srimad Bhagavatam 12.11.25): “O Krsna, o friend of Arjuna, O chief among the descendants of Vrsni, You are the destroyer of those political parties which are disturbing elements on this earth. Your prowess never deteriorates. You are the proprietor of the transcendental abode. The gopis and Your other servants in Vrajabhumi continually chant Your transcendental glories, which are auspicious to hear. O Lord please protect us, who are Your servants.”*

Anuccheda 96

1 This is also confirmed in the following words (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.3.37-38) spoken by Lord Krsna when He revealed His Original form to Vasudeva and Devaki within Kamsa’s prison: “O sinless mother Devaki, after the expiry of twelve thousand celestial years, in which you constantly contemplated Me within the core of your heart with great faith, devotion and austerity, I was very much satisfied with you. Since I am the best of all bestowers of benediction, I appeared in this same form as Krsna to ask you to take from Me the benediction you desired. You then expressed your desire to have a son exactly like Me.”* 2 The Lord further explained (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.3.41-43): “Since I found no one else as highly elevated as you in simplicity and other qualities of good character, I appeared in this world as Prsnigarbha, or one who is celebrated as having taken birth from Prsni.”* 3 “In the next millennium, I again appeared from the two of you, who appeared as My mother, Aditi, and My father Kasyapa. I was known as Upendra, and because of being a dwarf, I was also known as Vamana.”* 4 “O supremely chaste mother, I, the same personality, have now appeared of you both as your son for the third time. Take My words as the truth.”* 5 In this last verse the Supreme Personality of Godhead explains that He has now appeared in His original form as Lord Krsna before Vasudeva and Devaki in order to fulfil the benediction formerly granted to them. This is the third time He had appeared as their son. 6 In these verses the word ‘vapusa’ (personally) is used by the Lord to describe His appearance as Krsna, and it is not used to describe His appearance as Lord Vamana or Lord Prsnigarbha. From this we may conclude that Lord Vamana and Lord Prsnigarbha are immediate expansions of the Original Godhead, and Lord Krsna is the Original Form of the Personality of Godhead, the origin of Lord Prsnigarbha, Vamana, and all other incarnations of Godhead. 7 That Lord Prsnigarbha is an expansion of Godhead, and not the Original form of the Godhead is described in the following eloquent prayer, which clearly distinguishes Lord Prsnigarbha from the Original Personality of Godhead (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.6.25): “May Lord Prsnigarbha protect your intelligence, and may the Supreme Personality of Godhead protect your soul.”* 8 When the Supreme Lord appeared for the third time as the son of Vasudeva and Devaki, He appeared in His complete original form, and thus fulfilled His promise that He would appear as the son of Devaki and Vasudeva. Because the Lord’s promise was thus fulfilled, He said ‘satyam me vyahrtam’ (take My words as truth). At this point someone may doubt that the two-handed form of Krsna is the Original Personality of Godhead. After all, in these verses Krsna is speaking to Vasudeva and Devaki in His four-armed Visnu-form. The Lord first appeared to Vasudeva and Devaki in this four-armed form. Is not the four-armed form of Visnu the original Godhead, and Sri Krsna is only a later and temporary expansion? Actually the four-armed form of the Personality of Godhead who appeared as the son of Vasudeva and Devaki was not Lord Visnu, but a four-handed manifestation of Lord Krsna. This is specifically described in the following verses from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.3.11): “When Vasudeva saw his extraordinary son, four-handed Lord Krsna (krsnavatara), his eyes were struck with wonder. In transcendental jubilation, he mentally collected ten thousand cows and distributed them among the brahmanas as a transcendental festival.”*