राम
V.17.308.2

Chapter 8 · Verse 1·Spoken by Arjuna

किं तद्ब्रह्म किमध्यात्मं किं कर्म पुरुषोत्तम। अधिभूतं च किं प्रोक्तमधिदैवं किमुच्यते

kiṁ tad brahma kim adhyātmaṁ kiṁ karma puruṣhottama adhibhūtaṁ cha kiṁ proktam adhidaivaṁ kim uchyate

—:—— / —:——

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Sanskrit recitation by Swami Brahmānanda

Audio from the Gītā Supersite, IIT Kanpur

Word by Word

arjunaḥ uvāchaArjun saidkimwhattatthatbrahmaBrahmankimwhatadhyātmamthe individual soulkimwhatkarmathe principle of karmapuruṣha-uttamaShree Krishna, the Supreme Divine Personalityadhibhūtamthe material manifestationchaandkimwhatproktamis calledadhidaivamthe Lord of the celestial godskimwhatuchyateis called

Reading set · 5 translations · 3 commentaries

Translation · 5 voices

Arjuna said, O Supreme Person, what is Brahman? What exists in the individual plane? What is action? What is said to exist in the physical plane? And what is said to exist in the divine plane?

Swami Gambiranandaafter Śaṅkara's bhāṣya· paired with Śaṅkara

Arjuna said, O Supreme Person, what is Brahman? What exists in the individual plane? What is action? What is said to exist in the physical plane? And what is said to exist in the divine plane?

Swami Adidevanandaafter Rāmānuja's bhāṣya· paired with Rāmānuja

Arjuna said, "What is Brahman? What is known as the Lord of the Self (Adhyatma)? What is action? O Best of Persons, what is said to be the Lord of material things (Adhibhuta)? What is called the Lord of divinities (Adhidaiva)?"

Dr. S. Sankaranarayanafter Madhva's bhāṣya· paired with Madhva

Arjuna said, "What is Brahman? What is Adhyatma? What is action, O best among men? What is Adhibhuta declared to be? And, what is Adhidaiva said to be?"

Swami SivanandaThe Bhagavad Gita

Arjuna asked: O Lord of Lords! What is that which people call the Supreme Spirit, what is humanity's spiritual nature, and what is the law? What is matter and what is divinity?

Shri Purohit SwamiThe Geeta

ŚaṅkarācāryaGītā-bhāṣya
Advaita Vedānta· Classical
Machine translation · draft

This is a brief sub-gloss. For a fuller reading of this verse, see Madhusūdana, Śaṅkara, or Rāmānuja above.

By the words 'they know that Brahman, entire' (Gītā 7.29) and the rest, the Blessed Lord had planted the seeds of Arjuna's questions. So, to put those questions, Arjuna spoke; and to settle these questions each in its order, the Blessed Lord spoke.

Contemporary English rendering of the Sanskrit bhāṣya, pending scholar review.

RāmānujācāryaGītā-bhāṣya
Viśiṣṭādvaita· Classical
Machine translation · draft

Arjuna spoke. That Brahman, and the adhyatma, and action, said to be what those who strive, taking refuge in the Blessed One for release from age and death, must know, what is it? It must be told. What is the adhibhuta, and the adhidaiva, that the seekers of lordship must know? And who is the one denoted by the word 'adhiyajna', whom all three must know, and how is he the adhiyajna? And at the time of departure, how are you to be known by these three of restrained self?

Contemporary English rendering of the Sanskrit bhāṣya, pending scholar review.

MadhvācāryaGītā-bhāṣya
Dvaita· Classical
Machine translation · draft

This is a brief sub-gloss. For a fuller reading of this verse, see Madhusūdana, Śaṅkara, or Rāmānuja above.

Salutation to the glorious Krishna. Om. In this chapter Krishna teaches what is to be done at the time of death, the course taken, and the rest.

Contemporary English rendering of the Sanskrit bhāṣya, pending scholar review.