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अष्ट सखी

The Aṣṭa-Sakhīs

Rādhā's Eight Principal Companions

From Rūpa Goswāmī’s Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi and Gaṇoddeśa-dīpikā

Rādhā does not love alone. Around her, in every Vraja-rasika's seeing, are the eight principal sakhīs, her dearest girlfriends, who hold the kunja the way the petals hold a lotus. Each has a color, a temperament, an expertise, a service. Each is loved by Rādhā differently and loves her with a different flavor.

Rūpa Goswāmī fixed their names and natures in the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi and the Śrī Rādhā-Krishna-gaṇoddeśa-dīpikā. The Brahmavaivarta and the Padma Purāṇa name them earlier, in less detail. The Rādhāvallabhī tradition, the Haridāsī, the Nimbārka all receive them in slightly varying lists, but the eight that follow are the standard of the standard, the names that every Vraja singer of the past five centuries has kept on the tongue.

Sakhī 1

Lalitā

ललिता

the playful, the charming

Pakṣa

Rādhā-pakṣa

Complexion

the color of gorocanā, golden-yellow

Service

the leader of the eight, in charge of the kunja and the orchestration of every meeting

Lalitā is the senior. Older than Rādhā by twenty-seven days, the tradition says. She is fiercely protective of Rādhā's mood, occasionally scolds Krishna himself, and arranges every secret rendezvous. The other seven sakhīs follow her cues. When raganuga sādhakas take initiation in mañjarī-bhāva, they are usually placed under Lalitā's group.

Sakhī 2

Viśākhā

विशाखा

born under the Viśākhā nakṣatra, equally devoted to both

Pakṣa

Rādhā-pakṣa

Complexion

the color of lightning, brilliant

Service

the messenger between Rādhā and Krishna, the keeper of letters and the arranger of words

Viśākhā is the second-in-command. Born on the same day as Rādhā, the tradition holds, and equally devoted to both lovers. She speaks the most among the sakhīs because her service is communication. She brings Krishna's words to Rādhā and Rādhā's mood back to Krishna, and when no message can be carried she carries the silence with care.

Sakhī 3

Citrā

चित्रा

the wonderful, the various

Pakṣa

Rādhā-pakṣa

Complexion

the color of saffron

Service

skilled in many arts: cooking, painting, the preparation of perfumes

Citrā holds the household arts. The chosen sweets, the painted walls of the kunja, the scented pastes for Rādhā's body. The bhakta who imagines themselves in Citrā's group serves Rādhā with the small physical attentions that keep a beloved comfortable.

Sakhī 4

Indulekhā

इन्दुलेखा

a streak of the moon

Pakṣa

Rādhā-pakṣa

Complexion

the color of pomegranate flower, deep coral

Service

the keeper of mantras and the small enchantments; an expert in jewelry and ornamentation

Indulekhā is the bright streak of the moon. She specializes in the subtle arts: the small mantra spoken before Rādhā's hair is braided, the ornament selected for the meeting that turns Krishna's eye. Her bhāva is the glance and the small spell, the precise touch.

Sakhī 5

Campakalatā

चम्पकलता

the campaka creeper, fragrant golden flower

Pakṣa

Rādhā-pakṣa

Complexion

the color of fresh saffron paste

Service

in charge of cooking; expert in fruits, sweets, and the preparation of betel

Campakalatā is named for the campaka flower, that golden tree whose blossoms are loved in Vraja. She prepares the food the lovers share. The betel folded after the meeting is from her hand. She is the warmth of Vraja's kitchens.

Sakhī 6

Raṅgadevī

रङ्गदेवी

the goddess of the dance, the colored one

Pakṣa

Rādhā-pakṣa

Complexion

the color of a red lotus

Service

skilled in mantras of attraction and the ritual arrangements; assists in arranging the kunja

Raṅgadevī carries the mood of the dance. Her name holds raṅga, color and stage and play together. She is associated with the small rites and arrangements, the sprinkled flowers, the lit lamps, the way a kunja is made ready before the lovers enter.

Sakhī 7

Sudevī

सुदेवी

the auspicious goddess

Pakṣa

Rādhā-pakṣa

Complexion

the color of a red lotus, twin in mood to Raṅgadevī

Service

twin to Raṅgadevī; together they hold the rituals of the meeting

Sudevī is Raṅgadevī's twin in service. The Goswāmī tradition often pairs them. Where Raṅgadevī holds color, Sudevī holds the auspicious word, the mantra of meeting. Their work in the kunja is one shared work.

Sakhī 8

Tuṅgavidyā

तुङ्गविद्या

she of high learning

Pakṣa

Rādhā-pakṣa

Complexion

the color of kuṅkuma, vermilion

Service

skilled in music, in Sanskrit, in the sixty-four arts; the teacher among the sakhīs

Tuṅgavidyā is the scholar. The Sanskrit verse Krishna whispers, Rādhā's clever reply, the rāga sung in the kunja: Tuṅgavidyā holds the learning behind these. The bhakta whose nature inclines to study and to language finds their door here.

Below the Eight

The Eight Mañjarīs

Below the eight sakhīs serve eight younger handmaids called mañjarīs, the small flower-buds. They are the closest, most intimate servants of the divine couple in the secret nikuñja, and the goal of Gauḍīya raganuga sādhana is to receive a siddha-deha among them. The names below are the most often cited; tradition gives slightly different lists.

Rūpa Mañjarī

रूप मञ्जरी

The leader of the mañjarīs, identified by Gauḍīya tradition with Rūpa Goswāmī himself in his eternal form.

Rati Mañjarī

रति मञ्जरी

Identified with Raghunātha Dāsa Goswāmī, whose Vilāpa-kusumāñjali is the locus classicus of mañjarī-bhāva.

Lavaṅga Mañjarī

लवङ्ग मञ्जरी

Identified with Sanātana Goswāmī.

Manjulālī Mañjarī

मञ्जुलाली मञ्जरी

Among the closest of the inner serving group.

Rasa Mañjarī

रस मञ्जरी

Of the second four; expert in the rasa of intimate service.

Guṇa Mañjarī

गुण मञ्जरी

Of the second four; her name means 'she of qualities'.

Kastūrī Mañjarī

कस्तूरी मञ्जरी

Of the second four; named for the fragrance of musk.

Kasturīkā or Vilāsa Mañjarī

विलास मञ्जरी

Of the second four; in some lineages identified with Jīva Goswāmī.

Lalitā, Viśākhā, Citrā, Indulekhā, Campakalatā, Raṅgadevī, Sudevī, Tuṅgavidyā. Their names are spoken in every Vraja kīrtana that ever was. Below them the mañjarīs, the flower-buds. Together they hold the kunja the way the petals hold the lotus. The Goswāmīs of Vrindavan named them so the bhakta would have a door, an entry, a specific place to go.

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