4.4.1
Sourceआत्मोचितैर् विभावाद्यैर् नीता पुष्टिं सतां हृदि । भवेच् छोक-रतिर् भक्ति-रसो हि करुणाभिधः
ātmocitair vibhāvādyair nītā puṣṭiṃ satāṃ hṛdi | bhavec choka-ratir bhakti-raso hi karuṇābhidhaḥ
English translation
“When śoka - rati is nourished in the heart of the devotee by suitable vibhāvas and other elements [of bhakti ] it is called karuṇa -bhakti- rasa . ”
4.4.2
Sourceअव्युच्छिन्न-महानन्दो ऽप्य् एष प्रेम-विशेषतः । अनिष्टाप्तेः पदतया वेद्यः कृष्णो ऽस्य च प्रियः
avyucchinna-mahānando 'py eṣa prema-viśeṣataḥ | aniṣṭāpteḥ padatayā vedyaḥ kṛṣṇo 'sya ca priyaḥ
English translation
“Though imperishably blissful Kṛṣṇa can never fall from His svarūpa of bliss into misery, because of particular varieties of prema , Kṛṣṇa and his dear ones take on the appearance of falling into misfortune and become the viṣaya of karuṇa-rasa .”
4.4.3
Sourceतथानवाप्त-तद्-भक्ति-सौख्यश् च स्व-प्रियो जनः । इत्य् अस्य विषयत्वेन ज्ञेया आलम्बनास् त्रिधा
tathānavāpta-tad-bhakti-saukhyaś ca sva-priyo janaḥ | ity asya viṣayatvena jñeyā ālambanās tridhā
English translation
“The relatives of the devotee, or those devoid of the happiness of devotion also become the viṣaya of karuṇa-rasa . Thus there are three types of viṣaya .”
4.4.4
Sourceतत्-तद्-वेदी च तद्-भक्त आश्रयत्वेन च त्रिधा । सो ऽप्य् औचित्येन विज्ञेयः प्रायः शान्तादि-वर्जितः । तत्-कर्म-गुण-रूपाद्या भवत्य् उद्दीपना इह
tat-tad-vedī ca tad-bhakta āśrayatvena ca tridhā | so 'py aucityena vijñeyaḥ prāyaḥ śāntādi-varjitaḥ | tat-karma-guṇa-rūpādyā bhavaty uddīpanā iha
English translation
“Three types of devotees who experience karuṇa in relation to the three types of viṣaya are the three āśrayas of karuṇa- bhakti - rasa . For the most part this rasa does not arise in śānta devotees. The uddīpanas are Kṛṣṇa ’s actions, qualities and form.”
4.4.5
Sourceअनुभावा मुखे शोषो विलापः स्रस्त-गात्रता । श्वास-क्रोशन-भूपात-घातोरस् ताडनादयः
anubhāvā mukhe śoṣo vilāpaḥ srasta-gātratā | śvāsa-krośana-bhūpāta-ghātoras tāḍanādayaḥ
English translation
“The anubhāvas are drying of the mouth, moaning, slackening of the body, heavy breathing, shouting, falling on the ground, beating the ground with the fist and beating the chest.”
4.4.6
Sourceअत्राष्टौ सात्त्विका जाड्य-निर्वेद-ग्लानि-दीनताः । चिन्ता-विषाद-औत्सुक्य-चापलोन्माद-मृत्यवः । आलस्यापस्मृति-व्याधि-मोहाद्या व्यभिचारिणः
atrāṣṭau sāttvikā jāḍya-nirveda-glāni-dīnatāḥ | cintā-viṣāda-autsukya-cāpalonmāda-mṛtyavaḥ | ālasyāpasmṛti-vyādhi-mohādyā vyabhicāriṇaḥ
English translation
“The eight sāttvika-bhāvas appear and the vyabhicārī-bhāvas of jāḍyam, nirveda , glāni , dainya , cintā , viṣāda , autsukhya, cāpalā, unmāda , mṛti , ālasya , apasmṛti, vyādhi and moha appear.”
4.4.7
Sourceहृदि शोकतयांशेन गता परिणतिं रतिः । उक्ता शोक-रतिः सैव स्थायी भाव इहोच्यते
hṛdi śokatayāṃśena gatā pariṇatiṃ ratiḥ | uktā śoka-ratiḥ saiva sthāyī bhāva ihocyate
English translation
“When rati transforms into lamentation in the heart by one’s perception of another person attaining misfortune, it is called śoka -rati . This śoka-rati is the sthāyī- bhāva of karuṇa-rasa .”
4.4.8
Sourceतं नाग-भोग-परिवीतम् अदृष्ट-चेष्टम् आलोक्य तत्-प्रिय-सखाः पशुपा भृशार्ताः । कृष्णे ऽर्पितात्म-सुहृद्-अर्थ-कलत्र-कामा दुःखानुशोक-भयम् ऊढ-धियो निपेतुः
taṃ nāga-bhoga-parivītam adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭam ālokya tat-priya-sakhāḥ paśupā bhṛśārtāḥ | kṛṣṇe 'rpitātma-suhṛd-artha-kalatra-kāmā duḥkhānuśoka-bhayam ūḍha-dhiyo nipetuḥ
English translation
Kṛṣṇa as an object of lamentation, from the Tenth Canto of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam [10.16.10]: “When the members of the cowherd community, who had accepted Kṛṣṇa as their dearmost friend, saw Him enveloped in the snake's coils, motionless, they were greatly disturbed. They had offered Kṛṣṇa everything—their very selves, their families, their wealth, wives and all pleasures. At the sight of the Lord in the clutches of the Kāliya snake, their intelligence became deranged by grief, lamentation and fear, and thus they fell to the ground.”
4.4.9
Sourceफणि-ह्रदम् अवगाढे दारुणं पिञ्छ-चूडे स्खलद्-अशिशिर-बाष्प-स्तोम-धौतोत्तरीया । निखिल-करण-वृत्ति-स्तम्भिनीम् आललम्बे विषम् अगतिम् अवस्थां गोष्ठ-राजस्य राज्ञी
phaṇi-hradam avagāḍhe dāruṇaṃ piñcha-cūḍe skhalad-aśiśira-bāṣpa-stoma-dhautottarīyā | nikhila-karaṇa-vṛtti-stambhinīm ālalambe viṣam agatim avasthāṃ goṣṭha-rājasya rājñī
English translation
Another example: “When Kṛṣṇa entered the fearful lake of Kāliya , Yaśodā ’s upper cloth became wet from hot tears. She reached a state in which all her senses ceased to function.”
4.4.10
Sourceतस्य प्रिय-जनो, यथा-- कृष्ण-प्रियाणाम् आकर्षे शङ्ख-चूडेन निर्मिते । नीलाम्बरस्य वक्त्रेन्दुर् नीलिमानं मुहुर् दधे
tasya priya-jano, yathā-- kṛṣṇa-priyāṇām ākarṣe śaṅkha-cūḍena nirmite | nīlāmbarasya vaktrendur nīlimānaṃ muhur dadhe
English translation
Kṛṣṇa ’s devotees as an object of lamentation: “When the demon Śaṅkhacūḍa took away all of Kṛṣṇa’s girl friends, Balarāma ’s moon-like face became increasingly blue with sorrow.”
4.4.11
Sourceविराजन्ते यस्य व्रज-शिशु-कुल-स्तेय-विकल- स्वयम्भू-चूडाग्रैर् लुलित-शिखराः पाद-नखराः । क्षणं यान् आलोक्य प्रकट-परमानन्द-विवशः स देवर्षिर् मुक्तान् अपि तनु-भृतः शोचति भृशम्
virājante yasya vraja-śiśu-kula-steya-vikala- svayambhū-cūḍāgrair lulita-śikharāḥ pāda-nakharāḥ | kṣaṇaṃ yān ālokya prakaṭa-paramānanda-vivaśaḥ sa devarṣir muktān api tanu-bhṛtaḥ śocati bhṛśam
English translation
Friends as an object of lamentation, from Haṃsadūta: “Seeing the toenails of Kṛṣṇa , which were touched by the tip of the crown of the repentant Brahmā after he stole the cowherd boys, Nārada lost control of himself in great bliss, and began to lament greatly for his fellow sages who had attained impersonal liberation.”
4.4.12
Sourceमातर् माद्रि गता कुतस् त्वम् अधुना हा क्वासि पाण्डो पितः सान्द्रानन्द-सुधाब्धिर् एष युवयोर् नाभूद् दृशां गोचरः । इत्य् उच्चैर् नकुलानुजो विलपति प्रेक्ष्य प्रमोदाकुलो गोविन्दस्य पदारविन्द-युगल-प्रोद्दाम-कान्ति-च्छटाम्
mātar mādri gatā kutas tvam adhunā hā kvāsi pāṇḍo pitaḥ sāndrānanda-sudhābdhir eṣa yuvayor nābhūd dṛśāṃ gocaraḥ | ity uccair nakulānujo vilapati prekṣya pramodākulo govindasya padāravinda-yugala-proddāma-kānti-cchaṭām
English translation
Another example [of relatives being the object of karuṇa-rasa ]: “Seeing the intense effulgence emanting from the two lotus feet of Govinda , Sahadeva , overcome with bliss, began to lament. ‘O mother Mādrī ! Where
have you gone? O father Paṇḍu ! Where are you? You could not see Kṛṣṇa , the ocean of sweet bliss!”
4.4.13
Sourceरतिं विनापि घटते हास्यादेर् उद्गमः क्वचित् । कदाचिद् अपि शोकस्य नास्य सम्भावना भवेत्
ratiṃ vināpi ghaṭate hāsyāder udgamaḥ kvacit | kadācid api śokasya nāsya sambhāvanā bhavet
English translation
“Sometimes it is possible for hāsya and other emotions to appear without rati . However, śoka cannot manifest without rati .”
4.4.14
Sourceरतेर् भूम्ना क्रशिम्ना च शोको भूयान् कृशश् च सः । रत्या सहाविना-भावात् काप्य् एतस्य विशिष्टता
rater bhūmnā kraśimnā ca śoko bhūyān kṛśaś ca saḥ | ratyā sahāvinā-bhāvāt kāpy etasya viśiṣṭatā
English translation
“The greater the rati , the more the lamentation, and the less the rati , the less the lamentation. The quality of not manifesting without rati is a special distinction of śoka .”
4.4.15
Sourceअपि च-- कृष्णैश्वर्याद्य्-अविज्ञानं कृतं नैषाम् अविद्यया । किन्तु प्रेमोत्तर-रस-विशेषेणैव तत् कृतम्
api ca-- kṛṣṇaiśvaryādy-avijñānaṃ kṛtaṃ naiṣām avidyayā | kintu premottara-rasa-viśeṣeṇaiva tat kṛtam
English translation
“Lack of awareness of Kṛṣṇa ’s powers (which causes śoka - rati directed towards Kṛṣṇa) is not created by ignorance. This lack of awareness of His powers takes place by the special rasa of heightened prema .”
4.4.16
Sourceअतः प्रादुर्भवन् शोको लब्धाप्य् उद्भटतां मुहुः । दुरूहाम् एव तनुते गतिं सौख्यस्य काम् अपि
ataḥ prādurbhavan śoko labdhāpy udbhaṭatāṃ muhuḥ | durūhām eva tanute gatiṃ saukhyasya kām api
English translation
“Though lamentation appears and becomes intense, it also spreads a condition of undetected happiness, which is difficult to describe.”
iti śrī-śrī- bhakti -rasāmṛta-sindhāv uttara -vibhāge gauṇa-bhakti-rasa-nirūpaṇe karuṇa-bhakti-rasa-laharī caturthī ||
“Thus ends the Fourth Wave of the Northern Ocean of Śrī Bhakti - rasāmṛta- sindhu , concerning karuṇa -bhakti- rasa . ”