3.5.1
Sourceआत्मोचितैर् विभावाद्यैः पुष्टिं नीता सतां हृदि । मधुराख्यो भवेद् भक्ति-रसो ऽसौ मधुरा रतिः
ātmocitair vibhāvādyaiḥ puṣṭiṃ nītā satāṃ hṛdi | madhurākhyo bhaved bhakti-raso 'sau madhurā ratiḥ
English translation
“When madhura - rati is nourished by suitable vibhāva and other elements [of rasa ] in the devotees’ hearts, it is called madhura- bhakti -rasa .”
3.5.2
Sourceनिवृत्तानुपयोगित्वाद् दुरूहत्वाद् अयं रसः । रहस्यत्वाच् च संक्षिप्य वितताण्गो विलिख्यते
nivṛttānupayogitvād durūhatvād ayaṃ rasaḥ | rahasyatvāc ca saṃkṣipya vitatāṇgo vilikhyate
English translation
“Though this rasa has many components, it will be described in summary because it is difficult to describe, because it is very confidential, and because it is unsuitable for those who do not have a taste for madhura -rasa , since it appears similar to the rasa of mundane love.”
3.5.3
Sourceतत्र आलम्बनाः-- अस्मिन् आलम्बनः कृष्णः प्रियास् तस्य तु सुभ्रुवः
tatra ālambanāḥ-- asmin ālambanaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ priyās tasya tu subhruvaḥ
English translation
Ālambanas: “The ālambanas in this rasa are Kṛṣṇa and His dear, beautiful women.”
3.5.4
Sourceतत्र कृष्णः-- तत्र कृष्णः असमानोर्ध्व-सौन्दर्य-लीला-वैदिग्धी-सम्पदाम् । आश्रयत्वेन मधुरे हरिर् आलम्बनो मतः
tatra kṛṣṇaḥ-- tatra kṛṣṇaḥ asamānordhva-saundarya-līlā-vaidigdhī-sampadām | āśrayatvena madhure harir ālambano mataḥ
English translation
Kṛṣṇa : “Kṛṣṇa, who is the abode of abundant beauty, pastimes and skill in the arts that cannot be equalled or surpassed, is considered the ālambana ( viṣaya ).”
3.5.5
Sourceविश्वेषाम् अनुरञ्जनेन जनयन्न् आनन्दम् इन्दीवर- श्रेणी-श्यामल-कोमलैर् उपनयन्न् अङ्गैर् अनङ्गोत्सवम् । स्वच्छन्दं व्रज-सुन्दरीभिर् अभितः प्रत्य्-अङ्गम् आलिङ्गितः शृङ्गारः सखि मूर्तिमान् इव मधौ मुग्धो हरिः क्रीडति
viśveṣām anurañjanena janayann ānandam indīvara- śreṇī-śyāmala-komalair upanayann aṅgair anaṅgotsavam | svacchandaṃ vraja-sundarībhir abhitaḥ praty-aṅgam āliṅgitaḥ śṛṅgāraḥ sakhi mūrtimān iva madhau mugdho hariḥ krīḍati
English translation
From Gīta- govinda : “O friend! Attractive Kṛṣṇa , who produces bliss in the hearts of everyone in the universe by inducing their love, who produces the bliss of Cupid in women by His soft limbs the color of a forest of blue lotuses, and whose every limb is embraced spontaneously by the young women of Vraja, sports in the spring season like the incarnation of madhura - rasa .”
3.5.6
Sourceनव-नव-वर-माधुरी-धुरीणाः प्रणय-तरङ्ग-करम्बितास् तरङ्गाः । निज-रमणतया हरिं भजन्तिः प्रणमत ताः परमाद्भुताः किशोरीः
nava-nava-vara-mādhurī-dhurīṇāḥ praṇaya-taraṅga-karambitās taraṅgāḥ | nija-ramaṇatayā hariṃ bhajantiḥ praṇamata tāḥ paramādbhutāḥ kiśorīḥ
English translation
The dear women: “I offer my respects to the most astonishing young women, who are endowed with the most excellent, freshest sweetness, whose hearts are mixed with waves of prema , and who adore Kṛṣṇa as their own lover.”
3.5.7
Sourceप्रेयसीषु हरेर् आसु प्रवरा वार्षभानवी
preyasīṣu harer āsu pravarā vārṣabhānavī
English translation
“Among the lovers of Kṛṣṇa , Rādhā , the daughter of Vṛṣabhānu, is the chief.”
3.5.8
Sourceमद-चकित-चकोरी-चारुता-चोर-दृष्टिर् वदन-दमित-राकारोहिणी-कान्त-कीर्तिः । अविकल-कल-धौतोद्धूति-धौरेयक-श्रीर् मधुरिम-मधु-पात्री राजते पश्य राधा
mada-cakita-cakorī-cārutā-cora-dṛṣṭir vadana-damita-rākārohiṇī-kānta-kīrtiḥ | avikala-kala-dhautoddhūti-dhaureyaka-śrīr madhurima-madhu-pātrī rājate paśya rādhā
English translation
Rādhā ’s form: “Just look at Rādhā, the abode of sweet nectar, whose blissful eyes steal the beauty of a cakorī bird quivering with excitement, whose face defeats the fame of the new moon, and whose excellent beauty exceeds the luster of pure gold.”
3.5.9
Sourceनर्मोक्तौ मम निर्मितोरु-परमानन्दोत्सवायाम् अपि श्रोत्रस्यान्त-तटीम् अपि स्फुटम् अनाधाय स्थितोद्यन्-मुखी । राधा लाघवम् अप्य् अनादर-गिरां भङ्गीभिर् आतन्वती मैत्री-गौरवतो ऽप्य् असौ शत-गुणां मत्-प्रीतिम् एवादधे
narmoktau mama nirmitoru-paramānandotsavāyām api śrotrasyānta-taṭīm api sphuṭam anādhāya sthitodyan-mukhī | rādhā lāghavam apy anādara-girāṃ bhaṅgībhir ātanvatī maitrī-gauravato 'py asau śata-guṇāṃ mat-prītim evādadhe
English translation
Rādhā’s rati : “I derive a hundred time more delight from Rādhā than from respectful friendship, even when She does not hear My jokes filled with the highest pleasure and instead, looking skyward, ignores these jokes with clever words that indicate Her contempt.”
3.5.11
Sourceअथ उद्दीपनाः । उद्दीपना इह प्रोक्ता मुरली-निस्वनादयः
atha uddīpanāḥ | uddīpanā iha proktā muralī-nisvanādayaḥ
English translation
Uddīpanas: “In madhura - bhakti - rasa , the uddīpanas are the sound of the flute and other similar items.”
3.5.12
Sourceगुरु-जन-गञ्जनम् अयशो गृह-पति-चरितं च दारुणं किम् अपि । विस्मारयति समस्तं शिव शिव मुरली मुरारातेः
guru-jana-gañjanam ayaśo gṛha-pati-caritaṃ ca dāruṇaṃ kim api | vismārayati samastaṃ śiva śiva muralī murārāteḥ
English translation
From Padyāvalī [172]: “How astonishing! The sound of Kṛṣṇa flute makes the gopīs forget the scolding of their elders, the infamy from breaking social rules, and the terrifying treatment from their husbands.”
3.5.13
Sourceअथ अनुभावाः-- अनुभावास् तु कथिता दृग्-नतेक्षा-स्मितादयः
atha anubhāvāḥ-- anubhāvās tu kathitā dṛg-natekṣā-smitādayaḥ
English translation
Anubhāvas: “The anubhāvas of madhura - rasa are such things as glancing from the corner of the eyes and smiles.”
3.5.14
Sourceकृष्णापङ्ग-तरङ्गित-द्युमणिजा-सम्भेद-वेणी-कृते राधायाः स्मित-चन्द्रिका-सुरधुनी-पुरे निपीयामृतम् । अन्तस् तोष-तुषार-सम्प्लव-लव-व्यालीढतापोद्गमाः क्रान्त्वा सप्त जगन्ति सम्प्रति वयं सर्वोर्ध्वम् अध्यास्महे
kṛṣṇāpaṅga-taraṅgita-dyumaṇijā-sambheda-veṇī-kṛte rādhāyāḥ smita-candrikā-suradhunī-pure nipīyāmṛtam | antas toṣa-tuṣāra-samplava-lava-vyālīḍhatāpodgamāḥ krāntvā sapta jaganti samprati vayaṃ sarvordhvam adhyāsmahe
English translation
An example, from Lalita- mādhava [1.14]: “By drinking the nectar of the Gaṅgā in the form of Rādhā ’s sweet smile, as it mixes at the Triveṇī junction with the waves of the Yamunā in the form of the dark tips of Kṛṣṇa ’s eyes, and by extinguishing the rising heat by bathing slightly in the cool water of the satisfied mind, we have surpassed the seven worlds and now live in the topmost planet. ”
3.5.15
Sourceकामं वपुः पुलकितं नयने धृतास्रे वाचः स-गद्गद-पदाः सखि कम्पि वक्षः । ज्ञातं मुकुन्द-मुरली-रव-माधुरी ते चेतः सुधांशु-वदने तरलीकरोति
kāmaṃ vapuḥ pulakitaṃ nayane dhṛtāsre vācaḥ sa-gadgada-padāḥ sakhi kampi vakṣaḥ | jñātaṃ mukunda-muralī-rava-mādhurī te cetaḥ sudhāṃśu-vadane taralīkaroti
English translation
Sāttvika-bhāvas , from Padyāvalī [181]: “O moon-faced friend! Seeing Your body with hairs standing on end, Your choked voice and trembling chest, I can understand that the sound of Kṛṣṇa ’s flute has melted Your heart.”
3.5.16
Sourceअथ व्यभिचारिणः-- आलस्यौग्र्ये विना सर्वे विज्ञेया व्यभिचारिणः
atha vyabhicāriṇaḥ-- ālasyaugrye vinā sarve vijñeyā vyabhicāriṇaḥ
English translation
Vyabhicārī-bhāvas: “In madhurya - bhakti - rasa , all the vyabhicārī-bhāvas manifest except ālasya (sloth) and augrya (ferocity).”
3.5.17
Sourceमा मुञ्च पञ्चशर पञ्च-शरीं शरीरे मा सिञ्च सान्द्र-मकरन्द-रसेन वायो । अङ्गानि तत्-प्रणय-भङ्ग-विगर्हितानि नालम्बितुं कथम् अपि क्षमते ऽद्य जीवः
mā muñca pañcaśara pañca-śarīṃ śarīre mā siñca sāndra-makaranda-rasena vāyo | aṅgāni tat-praṇaya-bhaṅga-vigarhitāni nālambituṃ katham api kṣamate 'dya jīvaḥ
English translation
Nirveda (self-deprecation): “O Cupid! Do not shoot My body with your five arrows. O Vāyu ! Do not wet My body with the sap of forest flowers. How can My wretched limbs that have caused a break in Kṛṣṇa ’s love maintain their life?”
3.5.18
Sourceकुवलय-युवतीनां लेहयन्न् अक्षि-भृङ्गैः कुवलय-दल-लक्ष्मी-लङ्गिमाः स्वाङ्ग-भासः । मद-कल-कलभेन्द्रोल्लङ्घि-लीला-तरङ्गः कवलयति धृतिं मे क्ष्माधरारण्य-धूर्तः
kuvalaya-yuvatīnāṃ lehayann akṣi-bhṛṅgaiḥ kuvalaya-dala-lakṣmī-laṅgimāḥ svāṅga-bhāsaḥ | mada-kala-kalabhendrollaṅghi-līlā-taraṅgaḥ kavalayati dhṛtiṃ me kṣmādharāraṇya-dhūrtaḥ
English translation
Harṣa (joy), from Dāna-keli-kaumudī [34]: “This cheater, standing in the forest on Govardhana Hill, performing pastimes that surpass those of a young, intoxicated elephant, whose bodily effulgence causes attraction for the bee-like eyes of all the women of the earth, and whose complexion surpasses the luster of a blue lotus petal, has destroyed my self-control.”
3.5.19
Sourceअथ स्थायी-- स्थायी भावो भवत्य् अत्र पूर्वोक्ता मधुरा रतिः
atha sthāyī-- sthāyī bhāvo bhavaty atra pūrvoktā madhurā ratiḥ
English translation
Sthāyī- bhāva : “The sthāyī-bhāva of madhura - rasa is the previously described madhura- rati .”
3.5.20
Sourceभ्रूवल्लि-ताण्डव-कला-मधुरानन-श्रीः कङ्केल्लि-कोरक-करम्बित-कर्ण-पूरः । को ऽयं नवीन-निकषोपल-तुल्य-वेषो वंशीरवेण सखि माम् अवशीकरोति
bhrūvalli-tāṇḍava-kalā-madhurānana-śrīḥ kaṅkelli-koraka-karambita-karṇa-pūraḥ | ko 'yaṃ navīna-nikaṣopala-tulya-veṣo vaṃśīraveṇa sakhi mām avaśīkaroti
English translation
From Padyāvalī [158]: “O friend! Who is this person wearing cloth the color of a gold streak on a touchstone, whose face is sweet with dancing eyebrows, whose ears are decorated with aśoka buds, who has brought Me under control by the sound of His flute ?”
3.5.21
Sourceराधा-माधवयोर् एव क्वापि भावैः कदाप्य् असौ । सजातीय-विजातीयैर् नैव विच्छिद्यते रतिः
rādhā-mādhavayor eva kvāpi bhāvaiḥ kadāpy asau | sajātīya-vijātīyair naiva vicchidyate ratiḥ
English translation
“That love of Rādhā and Mādhava is never at any time or in any circumstance covered by other similar relationships or by different sthāyī-bhāvas .”
3.5.22
Sourceइतो दूरे राज्ञी स्फुरति परितो मित्र-पटली दृशोर् अग्रे चन्द्रावलिर् उपरि शैलस्य दनुजः । असव्ये राधायाः कुसुमित-लता संवृत-तनौ दृग्- अन्त-श्रीर् लोला तडिद् इव मुकुन्दस्य वलते
ito dūre rājñī sphurati parito mitra-paṭalī dṛśor agre candrāvalir upari śailasya danujaḥ | asavye rādhāyāḥ kusumita-latā saṃvṛta-tanau dṛg- anta-śrīr lolā taḍid iva mukundasya valate
English translation
An example: “At a short distance stands the Queen of Vraja , and all around are Kṛṣṇa ’s friends. Candrāvalī is standing right in front of Him, and Arisṭāsura is standing at the edge of Vraja on stony soil. But Kṛṣṇa’s restless glance falls only upon the form of Rādhā , covered by flowering creepers.”
3.5.23
Sourceघोरा खण्डित-शङ्खचूडम् अजिरं रुन्धे शिवा तामसी ब्रह्मिष्ठ-श्वसनः शम-स्तुति-कथा प्रालेयम् आसिञ्चति । अग्रे रामः सुधा-रुचिर् विजयते कृष्ण-प्रमोदोचितं राधायास् तद् अपि प्रफुल्लम् अभजन् म्लानिं न भावाम्बुजम्
ghorā khaṇḍita-śaṅkhacūḍam ajiraṃ rundhe śivā tāmasī brahmiṣṭha-śvasanaḥ śama-stuti-kathā prāleyam āsiñcati | agre rāmaḥ sudhā-rucir vijayate kṛṣṇa-pramodocitaṃ rādhāyās tad api praphullam abhajan mlāniṃ na bhāvāmbujam
English translation
“On one side lay dead Śaṅkhacūḍa , whose body was like an arena for pastimes, surrounded by frightful, ferocious, ignorant jackals. In another place, the wind, like a group of sages situated in brahman realization, recited soothing praises, cool as falling snow. In front stood Balarāma , glowing like the full moon. But the lotus of Rādhā ’s love suitable for giving joy unto Kṛṣṇa did not fade, but rather sprang into full bloom.”
3.5.24
Sourceस विप्रलम्भ-सम्भोग-भेदेन द्वि-विधो मतः
sa vipralambha-sambhoga-bhedena dvi-vidho mataḥ
English translation
“ Madhura - bhakti - rasa has two types: vipralambha (in separation) and sambhoga (in union).”
3.5.25
Sourceतत्र विप्रलम्भः-- स पूर्व-रागो मानश् च प्रवासादि-मयस् तथा । विप्रलम्भो बहु-विधो विद्वद्भिर् इह कथ्यते
tatra vipralambhaḥ-- sa pūrva-rāgo mānaś ca pravāsādi-mayas tathā | vipralambho bahu-vidho vidvadbhir iha kathyate
English translation
“The wise describe many types of vipralambha such as pūrva- rāga , māna and pravāsa .”
3.5.26
Sourceतत्र पूर्व-रागः-- प्राग्-असङ्गतयोर् भावः पूर्व-रागो भवेद् द्वयोः
tatra pūrva-rāgaḥ-- prāg-asaṅgatayor bhāvaḥ pūrva-rāgo bhaved dvayoḥ
English translation
Pūrva- rāga : “The love between two lovers in separation before they ever meet one another is called pūrva-rāga. ”
3.5.27
Sourceअकस्माद् एकस्मिन् पथि सखि मया यामुन-तटं व्रजन्त्या दृष्टो यो नव-जलधर-श्यामल-तनुः । स दृग्-भङ्ग्या किं वाकुरुत न हि जाने तत इदं मनो मे व्यालोलं क्वचन गृह-कृत्यो न लगते
akasmād ekasmin pathi sakhi mayā yāmuna-taṭaṃ vrajantyā dṛṣṭo yo nava-jaladhara-śyāmala-tanuḥ | sa dṛg-bhaṅgyā kiṃ vākuruta na hi jāne tata idaṃ mano me vyālolaṃ kvacana gṛha-kṛtyo na lagate
English translation
An example from Padyāvalī [181]: “One day while going to the bank of the Yamunā , I suddenly saw one man with the complexion of a new rain cloud. I do not know what He did by moving His eyes playfully, but since then My heart has become unstable, and I no longer partake of household duties.”
3.5.28
Sourceयथा श्री-दशमे (१०.५३.२)-- यथा विनिद्रा यच् चित्ता रुक्मिणी कमलेक्षणा । तथाहम् अपि तच्-चित्तो निद्रां च न लभे निशि । वेदाहं रुक्मिण्या द्वेषान् ममोद्वाहो निवारितः
yathā śrī-daśame (10.53.2)-- yathā vinidrā yac cittā rukmiṇī kamalekṣaṇā | tathāham api tac-citto nidrāṃ ca na labhe niśi | vedāhaṃ rukmiṇyā dveṣān mamodvāho nivāritaḥ
English translation
An example from the Tenth Canto of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam [10.53.2]: “Just as Rukmiṇī's mind is fixed on Me, My mind is fixed on her. I can't even sleep at night. I know that Rukmī , out of envy, has forbidden our marriage.”
3.5.29
Sourceअथ मानः । मानः प्रसिद्ध एवात्र
atha mānaḥ | mānaḥ prasiddha evātra
English translation
“ Māna , described in the following example, is well known, and therefore need not be explained.”
3.5.30
Sourceविहरति वने राधा साधारण-प्रणये हरौ विगलित-निजोत्कर्षाद् ईऋस्या-वशेन गतान्यतः । क्वचिद् अपि लता-कुञ्जे गुञ्जन्-मधु-व्रत-मण्डली- मुखर-निखरे लीना दीनाप्य् उवाच रहः सखीम्
viharati vane rādhā sādhāraṇa-praṇaye harau vigalita-nijotkarṣād īṛsyā-vaśena gatānyataḥ | kvacid api latā-kuñje guñjan-madhu-vrata-maṇḍalī- mukhara-nikhare līnā dīnāpy uvāca rahaḥ sakhīm
English translation
An example from Gīta- govinda [2.1]: “When Kṛṣṇa was sporing with all the gopīs in the forest, treating them all with equal affection, Rādhā left that place in anger because of His slighting Her superior position. Later, while hiding in a grove of creepers while bees were buzzing overhead, She spoke to a friend in private of Her grief-stricken state.”
3.5.31
Sourceअथ प्रवासः-- प्रवासः सङ्ग-विच्युतिः
atha pravāsaḥ-- pravāsaḥ saṅga-vicyutiḥ
English translation
“ Pravāsa refers to separation after meeting.”
3.5.32
Sourceहस्तोदरे विनिहितैक-कपोल-पालेर् अश्रान्त-लोचन-जल-स्नपिताननायाः । प्रस्थान-मङ्गल-दिनावधि माधवस्य निद्रा-लवो ऽपि कुत एव सरोरुहाक्ष्याः
hastodare vinihitaika-kapola-pāler aśrānta-locana-jala-snapitānanāyāḥ | prasthāna-maṅgala-dināvadhi mādhavasya nidrā-lavo 'pi kuta eva saroruhākṣyāḥ
English translation
An example from Padyāvalī [350]: “Since the auspicious day when Kṛṣṇa departed for Mathurā , the lotus-faced Rādhā , putting Her left hand on Her left cheek, soaked Her face with unremitting tears. How could She sleep at all?”
3.5.33
Sourceयथा प्रह्लाद-संहितायाम् उद्धव-वाक्यम्-- भगवान् अपि गोविन्दः कन्दर्प-शर-पीडितः । न भुङ्क्ते न स्वपिति च चिन्तयन् वो ह्य् अहर्निशम्
yathā prahlāda-saṃhitāyām uddhava-vākyam-- bhagavān api govindaḥ kandarpa-śara-pīḍitaḥ | na bhuṅkte na svapiti ca cintayan vo hy aharniśam
English translation
From Prahlāda- saṃhitā , the words of Uddhava: “Lord Govinda also, being affected by the arrows of Cupid, thinks of You alone day and night, cannot eat or sleep.”
3.5.34
Sourceअथ सम्भोगः-- द्वयोर् मिलितयोर् भोगः सम्भोग इति कीर्त्यते
atha sambhogaḥ-- dvayor militayor bhogaḥ sambhoga iti kīrtyate
English translation
“The enjoyment experienced when two lovers meet is called sambhoga .”
3.5.35
Sourceपरमानुराग-परयाथ राधया परिरम्भ-कौशल-विकाशि-भावया । स तया सह स्मर-सभाजनोत्सवं निरवाहयच् छिखि-शिखण्ड-शेखरः
paramānurāga-parayātha rādhayā parirambha-kauśala-vikāśi-bhāvayā | sa tayā saha smara-sabhājanotsavaṃ niravāhayac chikhi-śikhaṇḍa-śekharaḥ
English translation
An example from Padyāvalī [199]: “ Kṛṣṇa , with peacock feather on His head, executed the festival of Cupid with Rādhā , who was endowed with the highest attachment for Kṛṣṇa, and who expressed Her love with skillful embraces.”
3.5.36
Sourceश्रीमद्-भागवताद्य्-अर्ह-शास्त्र-दर्शितया दृशा । इयम् आविष्कृता मुख्य-पञ्च-भक्ति-रसा मया
śrīmad-bhāgavatādy-arha-śāstra-darśitayā dṛśā | iyam āviṣkṛtā mukhya-pañca-bhakti-rasā mayā
English translation
“I have described the five principal types of bhakti - rasa according to the knowledge given in suitable scriptures such as Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam .”
3.5.37
Sourceगोपाल-रूप-शोभां दधद् अपि रघुनाथ-भाव-विस्तारी । तुष्यतु सनातनात्मा पश्चिम-भागे रसाम्बु-निधेः
gopāla-rūpa-śobhāṃ dadhad api raghunātha-bhāva-vistārī | tuṣyatu sanātanātmā paścima-bhāge rasāmbu-nidheḥ
English translation
“May the eternal soul who has the beautiful form of a cowherd boy and who spread the bhāvas to Rāma and other forms be pleased with this Western Ocean of the ocean of nectar.”
iti śrī-śrī- bhakti -rasāmṛta-sindhau paścima -vibhāge madhurākhya-bhakti-rasa-laharī caturthī ||
“May Sanātana who nourishes the bhāva of Gopāla Bhaṭṭa and distributes the bhāva of Raghunātha dāsa be pleased with this Western Ocean!”
iti śrī-śrī-bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhau mukhya-bhakti-rasa-nirūpakaḥ paścima-vibhāgaḥ samāptaḥ ||
“ Thus ends the Fifth Wave in the Wedstern Ocean of Śrī Bhakti-rasāmṛta- sindhu , concerning madhura -bhakti- rasa . Here ends the Western Ocean.”