Vāsudeva-māhātmya · Chapter 1
Source।। शौनक उवाच ।। ।। जीवानां श्रेयसे सौते बहुधा साधनानि ते ।। धर्मो ज्ञानं च वैराग्यं योगादीन्युदितानि नः ।। १ ।। इतिहासैर्बहुविधैर्विस्पष्टार्थानि तानि च ।। सर्वाण्यपि महाबुद्धे श्रुतान्यस्माभिरादरात् ।। २ ।। सर्वेषां मनुजानां तु दुष्कराण्येव तानि तु ।। बाहुल्याच्चान्तरायाणां तत्सिद्धिरपि दुर्ल्लभा ।। ३ ।। प्रयत्नेनाति महता पुरुषैद्धेंर्य्यशालिभिः ।। साधितान्यपि सिध्यन्ति तानि कालेन भूयसा ।। ४ ।। अतो भवान्द्विजातीनामाश्रमाणां च सर्वशः ।। ब्रवीतु सुकरोपायं स्त्रीशूद्रादेरपीह नः ।। ५ ।। कृतेन येनाप्यल्पेन येन केनापि देहिना ।। अन्तरायैरविहतं महदेव फलं भवेत् ।। ६ ।। मोक्षस्य साधनं तादृक्सुविचार्य्य महामते ।। हिताय सर्वजीवानां कृपया वक्तुमर्हसि ।। ७ ।। प्रसादाद्बलदेवस्य व्यासस्य जनकस्य च ।। जानासि सर्वमेव त्वं तन्नो ब्रूहि बुभुत्सतः ।। ८ ।। सौतिरुवाच ।। महर्षिरपि सावर्णिरेवमेव हि शौनक ।। विनीतः स्कन्दमप्राक्षीत्पुनः शङ्करनन्दनम् ।। ९ ।। सावर्णिरुवाच ।। श्रुता नानाविधा धर्म्माः साङ्ख्यज्ञानं च नैकधा ।। योगादीनि त्वदुक्तानि साधनानि मया गुह ।। 2.9.1.१० ।। सुदुष्कराणि मन्येऽहं तानि त्वस्मादृशां किल ।। महतामपि चान्येषां कृच्छ्रसाध्यानि वै चिरात् ।। ११ ।। अतो वर्णाश्रमवतां श्रेयस्कृत्सुकरं च यत् ।। साधनं तच्छ्रेष्ठतमं वक्तुमर्हसि मेऽधुना ।। १२ ।। सौतिरुवाच ।। इति पृष्टो मुनीन्द्रेण तेन जिज्ञासुना गुहः ।। वासुदेवं हृदि ध्यायन्कार्त्तिकेयः स ऊचिवान् ।। १३ ।। स्कन्द उवाच ।। शृणु ब्रह्मन्प्रवक्ष्येऽहं श्रुतं पितृमुखान्मया ।। सर्वेषामपि जीवानां सुकरं मोक्षसाधनम् ।। १४ ।। देवताप्रीणनसमं स्वेष्टसिद्धिमभीप्सताम् ।। नास्त्यन्यसाधनं किञ्चिद्वर्णाश्रमवतामिह ।। १५ ।। अप्यल्पं सुकृतं कर्म्म देवसंबन्धतः कृतम् ।। फलं ददाति निर्विघ्नं महदेव हि तन्नृणाम् ।। १६ ।। दैवं पित्र्यं स्वधर्म्मश्च काम्यं कर्म्मापि यच्च तत् ।। देवतायास्तु संबन्धात्सद्यः स्यादिष्टसिद्धिदम् ।। १७ ।। साङ्ख्ययोग विरागादि प्रागुक्तं यच्च दुष्करम् ।। तदपि स्याद्धि सुकरमनेनैवाशु सिद्धिदम् ।। १८ ।। देवस्याराधनेनैव यतः सिद्ध्यति वाञ्छितम् ।। अतः सर्वैर्य्यथाशक्ति प्रीत्याराध्यः स मानवैः ।। १९ ।। सावर्णिरुवाच।। देवा वहुविधा प्रोक्तास्त्वया षण्मुख मे पुरा ।। नानाविधा वर्णिताश्च तदाराधनरीतयः।।2.9.1.२०।। तत्फलानि च सर्वाणि त्वयोक्तानि पृथक्पृथक् ।। स्वर्गादिप्राप्तिमुख्यानि कालग्रस्तानि तानि तु ।।२१।। निवृत्तिधर्म्मिणां ब्रह्मा ह्युपास्तेर्य्योगिनां गुह ।। जनादिलोकाप्तिफलं द्विपरार्द्धान्तनश्वरम्।।२२।। दुष्कराणीह संसाध्य कर्म्माणि पुरुकृच्छ्रतः।। क्षयिष्णुफललाभश्चेत्तर्हि किं तदुपार्जनैः।।२३।। कालेन नाश्यते येषां वपुः स्थानबलादिकम्।। तेषां न रोचते मह्यमुपासाऽत्र दिवौकसाम्।।२४।। यः स्वयं निर्भयोऽन्येषां भयहर्त्ता सनातनः ।। नित्यधामाऽक्षयफलप्रदाता भक्तवत्सलः ।। २५ ।। यस्य प्रसादात्सर्वेषां सर्व एव मनोरथाः ।। सिद्ध्येयुश्चाञ्जसैवाऽत्र तं देवं वद मे गुह ।। २६ ।। तदाराधनरीतिं च सुकरां शिष्टसंमताम् ।। ब्रूहि सर्वां विशेषेण जिज्ञासामीदमञ्जसा ।। २७ ।। सौतिरुवाच ।। इत्थं महर्षिणा तेन संपृष्टो भगवान्गुहः ।। सुप्रसन्न उवाचेदं मानयंस्तमुदारधीः ।। २८ ।। इति श्रीस्कान्दे महापुराण एकाशीतिसाहस्र्यां संहितायां द्वितीये वैष्णवखण्डे श्रीवासुदेवमाहात्म्ये सावर्णिप्रश्नो नाम प्रथमोऽध्यायः ।। १ ।।
|| śaunaka uvāca || || jīvānāṃ śreyase saute bahudhā sādhanāni te || dharmo jñānaṃ ca vairāgyaṃ yogādīnyuditāni naḥ || 1 || itihāsairbahuvidhairvispaṣṭārthāni tāni ca || sarvāṇyapi mahābuddhe śrutānyasmābhirādarāt || 2 || sarveṣāṃ manujānāṃ tu duṣkarāṇyeva tāni tu || bāhulyāccāntarāyāṇāṃ tatsiddhirapi durllabhā || 3 || prayatnenāti mahatā puruṣaiddheṃryyaśālibhiḥ || sādhitānyapi sidhyanti tāni kālena bhūyasā || 4 || ato bhavāndvijātīnāmāśramāṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ || bravītu sukaropāyaṃ strīśūdrāderapīha naḥ || 5 || kṛtena yenāpyalpena yena kenāpi dehinā || antarāyairavihataṃ mahadeva phalaṃ bhavet || 6 || mokṣasya sādhanaṃ tādṛksuvicāryya mahāmate || hitāya sarvajīvānāṃ kṛpayā vaktumarhasi || 7 || prasādādbaladevasya vyāsasya janakasya ca || jānāsi sarvameva tvaṃ tanno brūhi bubhutsataḥ || 8 || sautiruvāca || maharṣirapi sāvarṇirevameva hi śaunaka || vinītaḥ skandamaprākṣītpunaḥ śaṅkaranandanam || 9 || sāvarṇiruvāca || śrutā nānāvidhā dharmmāḥ sāṅkhyajñānaṃ ca naikadhā || yogādīni tvaduktāni sādhanāni mayā guha || 2.9.1.10 || suduṣkarāṇi manye'haṃ tāni tvasmādṛśāṃ kila || mahatāmapi cānyeṣāṃ kṛcchrasādhyāni vai cirāt || 11 || ato varṇāśramavatāṃ śreyaskṛtsukaraṃ ca yat || sādhanaṃ tacchreṣṭhatamaṃ vaktumarhasi me'dhunā || 12 || sautiruvāca || iti pṛṣṭo munīndreṇa tena jijñāsunā guhaḥ || vāsudevaṃ hṛdi dhyāyankārttikeyaḥ sa ūcivān || 13 || skanda uvāca || śṛṇu brahmanpravakṣye'haṃ śrutaṃ pitṛmukhānmayā || sarveṣāmapi jīvānāṃ sukaraṃ mokṣasādhanam || 14 || devatāprīṇanasamaṃ sveṣṭasiddhimabhīpsatām || nāstyanyasādhanaṃ kiñcidvarṇāśramavatāmiha || 15 || apyalpaṃ sukṛtaṃ karmma devasaṃbandhataḥ kṛtam || phalaṃ dadāti nirvighnaṃ mahadeva hi tannṛṇām || 16 || daivaṃ pitryaṃ svadharmmaśca kāmyaṃ karmmāpi yacca tat || devatāyāstu saṃbandhātsadyaḥ syādiṣṭasiddhidam || 17 || sāṅkhyayoga virāgādi prāguktaṃ yacca duṣkaram || tadapi syāddhi sukaramanenaivāśu siddhidam || 18 || devasyārādhanenaiva yataḥ siddhyati vāñchitam || ataḥ sarvairyyathāśakti prītyārādhyaḥ sa mānavaiḥ || 19 || sāvarṇiruvāca|| devā vahuvidhā proktāstvayā ṣaṇmukha me purā || nānāvidhā varṇitāśca tadārādhanarītayaḥ||2.9.1.20|| tatphalāni ca sarvāṇi tvayoktāni pṛthakpṛthak || svargādiprāptimukhyāni kālagrastāni tāni tu ||21|| nivṛttidharmmiṇāṃ brahmā hyupāsteryyogināṃ guha || janādilokāptiphalaṃ dviparārddhāntanaśvaram||22|| duṣkarāṇīha saṃsādhya karmmāṇi purukṛcchrataḥ|| kṣayiṣṇuphalalābhaścettarhi kiṃ tadupārjanaiḥ||23|| kālena nāśyate yeṣāṃ vapuḥ sthānabalādikam|| teṣāṃ na rocate mahyamupāsā'tra divaukasām||24|| yaḥ svayaṃ nirbhayo'nyeṣāṃ bhayaharttā sanātanaḥ || nityadhāmā'kṣayaphalapradātā bhaktavatsalaḥ || 25 || yasya prasādātsarveṣāṃ sarva eva manorathāḥ || siddhyeyuścāñjasaivā'tra taṃ devaṃ vada me guha || 26 || tadārādhanarītiṃ ca sukarāṃ śiṣṭasaṃmatām || brūhi sarvāṃ viśeṣeṇa jijñāsāmīdamañjasā || 27 || sautiruvāca || itthaṃ maharṣiṇā tena saṃpṛṣṭo bhagavānguhaḥ || suprasanna uvācedaṃ mānayaṃstamudāradhīḥ || 28 || iti śrīskānde mahāpurāṇa ekāśītisāhasryāṃ saṃhitāyāṃ dvitīye vaiṣṇavakhaṇḍe śrīvāsudevamāhātmye sāvarṇipraśno nāma prathamo'dhyāyaḥ || 1 ||
English translation
Note: Sāvarṇi is a sage who propitiated God Śiva in Kṛta Yuga and got the boon of being immortal. He was a great author (Mbh, Anu 14.103-104). Sāvarṇi, the future Manu is not intended here.
Reverential Salutations to Śrī Kṛṣṇa
Henceforth the glory of Śrī Vāsudeva is begun .
Śaunaka [1] said :
1. O Sauti , [2] means conducive to the beatitude of living beings such as Dharma (duties pertaining to the different castes and stages of life), knowledge, aversion to worldly desires, Yoga and others, have been mentioned in various ways by you to us.
2. (These were explained) with various kinds of legends and traditional accounts, clarifying them with great perspicuity. O highly intelligent one! All of them have been respectfully and attentively heard by us.
3. But they are very difficult to be performed by all human beings. Moreover, achievement of success in them is very difficult to be had on account of numerous intervening impediments (while performing them).
4. It is after a pretty long time that those (means) give results if they are pursued with great perseverance by men of great fortitude.
5. Hence may Your Honour proclaim to us the means easy to all twice-born persons belonging to different castes (classes) and stages of life, as well as to women and even Śūdras (and other low castes) here.
6. (The means should be so easy that) by making the slightest effort any embodied being could accomplish the great Fruit ( Mokṣa ) without facing any impediments.
7. O highly intelligent one, after deèply deliberating and considering over that sort of means of (accomplishing) Mokṣa, it behoves you to explain it kindly for the good of all living beings.
8. Through the grace of Baladeva , Vyāsa and Janaka you know everything. Be pleased to narrate it to us who are eagerṅnd desirous (of knowing it).
Sauti replied :
9. O Śaunaka , the great sage Sāvarṇi had humbly asked Skanda , the son of Śaṅkara , this very question.
Sāvarṇi enquired :
10. O Guha , various kinds of Dharmas , knowledge of Sāṅkhya and means like Yoga (as) explained by you on many occasions, have been heard by me.
11. I certainly regard them too difficult to pursue in case of people like me. Even for others who are great and capable, they can be pursued with great difficulty and yield results after a long period of time.
12. Hence, now it behoves you to tell me that most excellent means which is easy to pursue for people of different classes and stages of life and leads to their spiritual good (Mokṣa).
Sauti said :
13. When Guha was thus asked by that eminent sage desirous of knowledge, Kārttikeya (Skanda) meditated on Vāsudeva in his heart, and spoke out.
Skanda said :
14. Listen, O Brāhmaṇa , I shall now relate to you what has been heard by me from my father’s mouth, the means of attaining Mokṣa, easy for all living beings.
15. To persons belonging to all castes and stages of life, who are eagerly desirous of accomplishing their own cherished objects, there is no other means at all in ṃis world comparable to the gratification of deities.
16. Even if the slightest meritorious act or service is rendered with reference to deities, it confers the great fruit (of the act, probably liberation) on men without any difficulty or impediment.
17. It is due to its association with deities that performance of (ritualistic) acts pertaining to deities, manes, one’s own (specific) duty or an act with some end in view, quickly yields accomplishment of what one wishes for.
18. It is due to this that whatever (practice or act) such as Sāṅkhya, Yoga, Vairāgya (indifference to worldly objects) etc. has been previously declared as difficult becomes easy to accomplish immediately.
19. Inasmuch as cherished objectives are achieved only by the propitiation of God, he should be propitiated with love and devotion, to the best of one’s capacity, by all men.
Sāvarṇi enquired :
20. O Six-faced Lord, formerly various types of gods have been told by you to me. Various methods of propitiating them have been described by you.
21. All the various kinds of fruits, the chief of which is the attainment of heaven etc., (of those propitiations) have been proclaimed by you. But they are swallowed up (terminated) by Time.
22. O Guha, the fruit such as the attainment of Jana ( Loka ) and other higher worlds resulting from the propitiation of Brahmā by Yogins who abstain from worldly activities, is also impermanent and transitory, as it lasts for two Parārdhas (100 years of Brahmā) only.
23. What is the propriety of acquiring those fruits with very great difficulties by acts very difficult to perform, if the fruits obtained be perishable?
24. I do not like the propitiation of deities whose body, position and power etc. are perishable in course of time.
25. He who himself is free from fear and eternal is the remover of fear of oṃers. He has a permanent abode and is the donor of eternal fruit and affectionate to his devotees.
26. O Guha, tell me of that god with whose grace all the desires of all (people) will be easily accomplished in this very world.
27. Tell me truly the method of propitiating him which is easy to follow and approved by honourable persons. I am eagerly desirous of knowing this immediately.
Sauti said :
28. Lord Guha who was ṃus accosted by the great sage (Sāvarṇi) became highly pleased. The noble-minded god respectfully spoke this to him.
[1]: [1] : Śaunaka : A sage of Bhṛgu family, son of Śunaka, author of numerous works like Ṛk-Prātiśākhya, teacher of Āśvalāyana. His leadership in the sacrificial session for 12 years in Naimiṣa forest during which Sauti narrated Mbh (Mbh, Ādi 1.19), made him the traditional interlocutor of practically all Purāṇic works at this sacrificial session in Naimiṣa forest.
[2]: [2] : Sauti : Ugraśravas, son of Sūta Romaharṣaṇa, the narrator of Mbh to Śaunaka (Mbh, Adi 1.5). He is the traditional narrator of Purāṇic works to Śaunaka.
Complete chapter-aligned witnesses. Sanskrit Wikisource page 23172, revision 71850 (2016-06-24T10:03:16Z). English is G. V. Tagare’s complete translation, controlled against its chapter page at https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-skanda-purana/d/doc371740.html and the archival publication witness. The witnesses are aligned at chapter level; no unsupported verse-by-verse equivalence is asserted.