Śaucīyaḥ — Purity and Daily Conduct

I offer my obeisances at the lotus feet of Sri Krsna Caitanya, who is full of unlimited opulence. Simply by His mercy, even a person who is born in a low-class family can become a teacher of the codes of proper conduct.

Now, I shall describe, by referring to the Vedas and other revealed scriptures, the proper behavior of a person who desires to worship Lord Krsna after receiving initiation.

dgame (In the Agamas it is stated) labdhd mantrarh tu yo nityarh nd arcayen mantra devatdm sarva karmdphalam tasyd nistam yachati devatd id One who, after receiving a Krsna mantra, does not worship Lord Krsna, who is the objective of his mantra, will find that all of his endeavors are in vain and that the predominating deity of the mantra is displeased with him.

yyc SRI HARI-BHAKTI-VILASA

Without following the codes of proper conduct, no activity will yield any fruit. For this reason, there is certainly a need to follow proper etiquette while worshiping the Lord.

One can worship the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Visnu, by proper discharge of the principles oi varna and asrama. There is no alternative to pacifying the Lord by execution of the principles of the varndsrama system.

between Madalasa and Alarka found in Mdrkandeya Purdna it is stated) grhasthena sadd kdryam dcdra paripdlanam na hy dcdra vihinasya sukham atra paratra ca A householder should always display proper etiquette and behavior. Those who do not behave properly can attain happiness neither in this life nor in the next.

THIRD VILAS A

When a person does not follow proper etiquette—all of his activities, including his giving in charity, performing sacrifice, and undergoing austerities award him no benefit.

between Sri Krsna and Yudhisthira that is found in the Bhavisottara Pur ana it is stated) dcdrahlnarh na punanti vedd yadyapyadhltdh saha sadabhirangaih chandarhsenarh mrtyukdle tyajanti nidarh sakuntd iva jdtapaksdh Even if one studies the six branches of the Vedas, he will not become purified if he is devoid of proper etiquette, or behavior. Vedic knowledge leaves such a person at the time of death, just as a bird leaves her nest as soon as she develops her wings.

As water kept in a human skull or in a pot made of dog skin is contaminated due to its contact with an impure object—all the activities

of a person who does not follow the codes of proper conduct are contaminated. O King, a person devoid of proper behavior does not become happy, either in this life or in the next. Just as remembering Lord Hari is essential, so is the following of proper etiquette.

visnu purdne tatraiva grhidharma prasange (About the duty of a householder, it is said in the Visnu Pur ana) saddcdravatd purhsd jitau lokabubhdvapi Persons who are throughly exemplary in their behavior are victorious in this life and in the next.

Saintly persons are those who are not contaminated by the fault of failing to observe the codes of proper conduct. The word sat means "honest". The behavior of devotees is called saddcdra.

and Agastya found in the Kasl-khanda it is stated) anadhyana sllamca saddcdra vilanghinam sdlasyamca durannddarh brdhmanam badhate antakah A brahmana who is averse to the study of the Vedas, who transgresses the proper etiquette, who is lazy, and who eats in the house of sinful people, is punished by Yamaraja.

Therefore, the twice-born should carefully practice sadacara. Even holy places desire the association of well-behaved saintly persons.

Religious principles are born from the codes of proper conduct. Saintly persons are always inclined to follow the codes of proper conduct and so their behavior and acivities are known as sadacara.

Therefore, one who desires to attain the ultimate goal of life must exhibit the behavior known as sadacara. O King, even if a faithful and non-envious person does not possess any other good quality, he will easily achieve his desired goal by behaving according to the codes of proper conduct.

The root of a good family or religion is sadacara. People who lack sadacara are neither pious nor noble.

140 SRIHARI-BHAKTI-VILASA

By following the prescribed behavior known as saddcdra, one obtains opulence, glory, and a long duration of life, as well as freedom from poverty, immature death, and inasupiciousness.

O King, if one follows the codes of proper conduct, one is sure to attain the three objectives of life—religiosity, economic development, and sense gratification—in this very life. Therefore, every intelligent person should conscientiously follow the path of saddcdra, as it is described in the scriptures.

One should rise early in the morning, during the brdhma-muhurta (one hour and thirty-six minutes before sunrise), while chanting the holy name of Lord Krsna. He should then wash his hands and feet and brush his teeth.

Thereafter, one should perform acamana and change the clothes that he had slept in. After doing so, one should again perform acamana.

In order to completely purify his existence, one should meditate on the lotus feet of his spiritual master, as if they are placed upon his head. He should offer prayers to his spiritual master and then remember Lord Krsna by reciting the following sloka.

and thus remember Him early in the morning) (In the Srlmad-Bhagavatam [10.90.48] it is stated) jayati jana-nivdso devaki-janma-vado yadu-vara-parisat svair dorbhir asyann adharmam sthira-cara-vrjina-ghnah su-smita-sri-mukhena vraja-pura-vanitanarh vardhayan kama-devam Lord Sri Krsna is He who is known as jana-nivasa, the ultimate resort of all living entities, and who is also known as Devakinandana or Yasoda- nandana, the son of Devakl and Yas'oda. He is the guide of the Yadu dynasty, and with His mighty arms He kills everything inauspicious, as well as every man who is impious. By His presence He destroys all things inauspicious for all living entities, moving and inert. His blissful smiling race always increases the lusty desires of the gopls of Vrndavana. May He be all glorious and happy!

S R I H A R I - B H AKTI-VILAS A

I take shelter of the unborn, eternal Personality of Godhead, Sri Hari. Simply by remembering the Lord, one becomes a reservoir of all auspiciousness.

The mischievous Lord Gopala is unapproachable by the Vedas. He is the Supreme Brahman and He is supremely pure. His entire body is covered with marks caused by the nails and teeth of the gopis of Vrndavana.. I take shelter of Sri Krsna, the butter thief.

As the ladies of Vraja loudly sang the glories of lotus-eyed Krsna, their songs blended with the sound of their churning, ascended to the sky and dissipated all inauspiciousness in every direction.

In order to nullify all kinds of faults that may be found in the society of devotees, and to obtain auspicious results, one should repeatedly chant the following three verses.

I n t h e m o r n i n g , I m e d i t a t e o n t h e lotus-eyed Lord N a r a y a n a , w h o destroys t h e fearful disease of m a t e r i a l e x i s t e n c e , w h o rides o n t h e b a c k of G a u r d a , whose n a v e l is t h e b i r t h p l a c e of t h e u n i v e r s a l lotus flower, w h o d e l i v e r e d t h e King of e l e p h a n t s w h e n h e was a t t a c k e d by a c r o c o d i l e , a n d w h o c a r r i e s a disc in His h a n d .

In the morning, I offer my respectful obeisances with my mind, speech and head at the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord, Narayana, who is the only shelter of the brdhmanas that are inclined to study the Vedas, and who is the only cause of one's deliverance from the hellish conditions of material life.

In the morning, I worship the Supreme Lord who, with His conch and disc removed the distress of the King of elephants when he was in a precarious condition due to being attacked by a crocodile, and who awards fearlessness to those who worship Him for counteracting their -intul reactions accumulated from many, many births.

Lord Hari, who is the spiritual master of the three worlds, gives Himself ae who recites the above-mentioned three slokas every morning.

According to the need, sometimes a particular instruction is repeated. One who practices devotional service should meditate on Lord Krsna's forms and pastimes, according to his capability and understanding.

Simply by chanting the holy names of the Supreme Lord and remembering Him, one can obtain the result of bathing in all the holy places of pilgrimage; and he can purify himself, both internally and externally.

My dear son, the result one achieves by daily bathing in the holy river, Ganges, for three hundred kalpas can at once be achieved by uttering, "Narayana," even once.

All sinful reactions of a person who chants the holy name of Lord Madhusudana as soon as he arises from bed in the morning are immediately nullified.

Because glorification of the Supreme Lord is a principal subject of this book, it will be described in a separate section, later on. Now, the glories of remembering the Lord are being described.

pddme brhat sahasrandma stotre (In the Brhat-sahasra-ndma-stotra of the Padma Purdna it is stated) smartavyah satatam visnur vismartavyo na jdtucit sarve vidhi-nisedhdh syur etayor eva kinkarah Krsna is the origin of Lord Visnu. He should always be remembered and never forgotten at any time. All the rules and prohibitions mentioned in the sdstra should be the servants of these two principles.

of the Skdnda Purdna, Sri Agastya Muni has said) sd hdnis tan mahaschidram sd ca andha iada mukatd yan muhuttarh ksanam vdpi vdsudeva na cintyate

SRI H A R I - B H A K T I - V 1 L ASA Every moment that is not used for thinking of Lord Vasudeva is considered to be a loss, foolishness, a fault, laziness, and blindness.

Not remembering Lord Vasudeva is a great harm, a discrepancy, and a symptom of misfortune.

Any second, minute or hour that is spent without the remembrance of Lord Visnu is a time when one is being deceived by Yamaraja.

Although remembering Lord Visnu is an eternal function, learned personalities have described its glores in sastra, along with those of darsa, paurnamasa and agnihotra, because it awards all kinds of results.

sarva tlrtha snanadhikatvam (It is more beneficial than bathing in all the holy places) mantram parthivarh agneyarh vdyavyam divyam eva ca

THIRD VILAS A

vdrunam manasam ceti snanam sapta vidham smrtam sanna dpastu vai mdntrarh mrdd lambharhtu pdrthivam bhasmand snanam agneyarh sndnarh gorajasamilam atape sati yd vrstir divyarh sndnarh taducyate bahir nadyddisu sndnarh vdrunam procyate budhaih dhydnarh yan manasa visnor manasam tat praklrttitam The smdrtas have said that there are seven kinds of holy baths— the mantra bath, parthiva bath, agneya bath, vdyavya bath, divya bath, varuna bath, and manasa bath. Chanting the mantra, sanna apah, is considered to be a mantra bath. Touching clay is called a parthiva bath. Smearing one's body with ashes is called an agneya bath. Smearing one's body with dust from cows' hooves is called a vdyavya bath. Taking a bath in the rain, when there is sunshine, is called a divya bath. Taking a bath in a river or pond is called a varuna bath, and taking a bath in one's mind, while meditating on Lord Visnu, is called a manasa bath.

14£ SRI HARI-BHAKTI-V1LASA Parasara Muni has said that if one's body is not healthy then without depending on the time, place, or person, one achieves the same result while performing all kinds of bath. Manu has said that by bathing in the mind, brdhmana householders can attain liberation. Among all types of bath, the manasa bath is best.

has said in the Garuda Purana, and Pulastya Muni has said in the Visnu- dharma) apavitrah pavitro vd sarvdvasthdm gatopi vd yah smaret pundarikdksam sa vdhydbhyantarah sucih Whether one is pure or impure, in any condition of life, if one simply remembers the lotus-eyed Supreme Lord, he at once becomes purified, externally and internally.

Even if one is contaminated by unlimited sins, if he remembers Lord Visnu, he becomes purified, both internally and externally.

irl visnu purdne (In the Visnu Purana it is stated) prayascittavi asesdni tapak karmdtkdni ca tdni tesdm asesdndm krsndnu smaranam param

Among all types of atonement, austerity, charity, chanting of mantras, and vows—the remembrance of Lord Krsna is the best.

For a person who repents after committing sinful activities, remembrance of Lord Hari is the best form of atonement.

Simply by remembering Lord Hari even once, a person can immediately bepome free from the contamination of Kali-yuga, which awards one the pangs of hellish conditions.

The insurmountable sinful reactions of those who remember Me, the Supreme Lord, in this age of Kali, and render devotional service unto Me, are immediately destroyed.

and Bali that is found in the Brhad-ndradlya Purdna it is stated) harirharati papdni dusta cittair api smrtah

anicchayapi sansprsto dahati eva hy pdvakah Lord Hari takes away the sinful reactions of even the most sinful people if they simply remember Him, just as fire burns a person even if he touches it accidentally.

Even if one is the most sinful person, if his mind is engaged at the lotus feet of Lord Visnu then he at once becomes liberated from all kinds of sinful reactions.

All sinful reactions accumulated since time immemorial due to sinful activities committed by one's body, mind, and speech are eradicated simply by remembering the lotus feet of Lord Krsna.

Paras'ara Muni has said in the Karttika-prasanga section of the Skanda Purdna) yama mdrgarh mahdghorarh narakdrhsca yamarh tathd svapne'pi narah pasyed yah smared garudadvajam

A person who remembers Sri Hari, who sits on the back of Garuda, will not have to meet the fearful Yamadutas, even while dreaming, and he will not have to traverse the painful path to hell.

Although not having fully realized Krsna, persons who have even once surrendered completely unto His lotus feet and who have become attracted to His name, form, qualities and pastimes are completely freed of all sinful reactions, for they have thus accepted the true method of atonement. Even in dreams, such surrendered souls do not see Yamaraja or his order carriers, who are equipped with ropes to bind the sinful.

srl visnu purdne srl prahlddoktau (Sri Prahlada has said in the Visnu Pur ana) dantd gajdndrh kulisdgranisthurdh slrnd yadete na balam mamaitat maha vipat pdtar vindiano'yarh jandrdandn anusmarandnubhdvah The tusk of an elephant is harder than a thunderbolt. If it has been broken into pieces, it should be understood that it was not because of my strength. Rather, it has happened due to the remembrance of Lord Janardana, who destroys all dangers.

Sinful reactions, suffering due to natural calamities, and various types of disturbances caused by others' unethical behavior are quickly removed simply by the remembrance of Lord Visnu.

in the Magha-mahatmya section of the Padma Purdna) yasya smarana mdtrena na moho na ca durgalih na rogo na ca duhkhdni tarn anantam namdni aham I offer my obeisances at the lotus feet of Lord A n a n t a , simply by whose remembrance all of one's illusions are eradicated, sinful reactions are counteracted, diseased conditions are removed, and material miseries are vanquished.

Just as fire removes any discoloration from gold caused by traces of other metals, Lord Visnu within the heart purifies the mind of the yogi.

pdndava gltdydm (In the Pdndava-gltd it is stated) labhas tesdrh jayastesdm kutas lesdrh parabhavah yesdm indlvarvara sydmo hrdayatha janardanah

Those who have captured Lord Janardana, who resembles a blue lotus flower, within their hearts, achieve victory and opulence. Where is the question of their defeat?

the Kdrttika-prasafiga section of the Skdnda Purana) devesu jfianesu tapah su caiva ddnesu tirthesu vratesu caiva istesu purttesu ca yat pradistarh nrndrh smrte tat phalam ucyute v. The results one attains by giving charity, following vows, undergoing austerities, visiting holy places, performing sacrifices, and executing welfare activities can be attained simply by remembering the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

brhanndradlye (In the Brhan-ndradlya Purana it is stated) nyundtiriktatd siddha kalau vedokta karmandm hari smaranam evdtra sampurna phala ddyakam In Kali-yuga, activities prescribed by the Vedas may or may not yield satisfactory results. But as far as remembering Lord Hari is concerned—it awards one completely satisfying results.

The discrepancy of being careless while performing sacrifices and other ritualistic activities can be counteracted simply by remembering Lord Visnu.

brhat ndradlye kaliprasange (In the Kali-prasanga section of the Brhan-ndradlya Purdna it is stated) tula purusaddndndrh rdjasuya asvamedhayoh phalarh visnoh smrti samam na jdtu dvijasattama O best of brdhmanas, giving a great deal of wealth in charity, performing a Rajasuya sacrifice, and performing an Asvamedha sacrifice are not equal to remembering Lord Visnu.

By one's engaging in the processes of demigod worship, austerities, breath control, compassion, bathing in holy places, strict vows, charity and chanting of various mantras, one's mind cannot attain the same absolute purification as that achieved when the unlimited Personality of Godhead appears within one's heart.

Hiranyakasipu, as found in the Visnu Purdna) bhayarh bhaydndm apahdrini sthite manasyanante mama kutra tisthati

yasmin smrte janma jarodbhavani bhaydni sarvdnyapaydnti tdta My dear father, I have nothing to fear because Lord Ananta, whose remembrance removes all kinds of fearful conditions, such as birth and old age, is residing in my heart.

A person whose heart is purified of all sinful propensities as a result of remembering Lord Visnu is qualified to attain liberation. For such a person, the attainment of heavenly planets is simply an impediment.

By remembering the original Personality of Godhead—who is the Supreme Absolute Truth, who -awards benedictions to all who approach Him, who is the primeval Lord, who manifests the planets by the effulgence emanating from His transcendental body, and who awards the fruit of one's desires—anyone can achieve liberation.

I offer my obeisances unto the most opulent Personality of Godhead, Lord Visnu. By remembering Him, one can be delivered from the vicious cycle of repeated birth and death within the material nature.

said, in the Kdrttika-prasanga section of the Skanda Purdna) tadaiva puruso mukto janma duhkha jarddibhih bhaktyd tu parayd nyunarh yadaiva smarate harim There is no doubt that if someone remembers Sri Hari with great devotion, He will be liberated from all miseries, such as birth, death and old age.

brhanndradlye (In the Brhan-naradlya Purdna it is stated) yena kenapi updyena smrto ndrdyana avyayah api pdtaka yuktasya prasanna sydn na sarhsayah If somehow or other Lord Narayana is remembered then even the most sinful person can achieve His mercy.

vdmana purdne (In the Vdmana Purdna it is stated) anddi anantam ajardrh ajardmararh harirh ye sarhsmaranti haraharniyatarh nard bhuvi tat sarvagarh brahma pararh purdnarh te ydnti vaisnava padarh dhruvam avyayarh ca Those who constantly remember Sri Hari, the beginningless, unlimited Supreme Lord, who is transcendentally situated beyond this

world of death, attain the eternal, original, inexhaustible abode of the Vaisnavas.

that is found in a conversation between Devaduta and Vikundala in the Padma Purdna) ye smaranti sakrd dutdh prasarigendpi kesavam te vidhvasta akhildghaughd ydnti visnoh pararh padam O messangers, the sinful reactions of those who remember Lord Kesava, even once, are completely destroyed and so such persons return to His abode at the time of death.

Those who even neglectfully remember Lord Janardana, Visnu, become free from all faults and after giving up their present bodies, they attain the abode of the Lord.

One who meditates on Lord Visnu, being free from material attachment and material desires, certainly attains the abode of Lord Visnu, which is devoid of lamentation and all kinds of miseries.

SRI H ARI-BHAKTI-VILASA

bindu prayer in the Bindu-mddhava section of the Kdsl-khanda states) ye tvdrh trivikrama sadd hrdi sllayanti kddambinl rucira rocisam ambujdksa sauddminl vilasitdm sukavlta miirtte te'pi sprsanti tava kdntim acintya rupdm O T r i v i k r a m a ! O lotus-eyed Lord! Your c o m p l e x i o n is just like t h e color of t h e sky. Your yellow g a r m e n t s are just like t h e color of l i g h t n i n g . T h o s e w h o always meditate on You within their hearts attain the same transcendental complexion.

And whoever, at the end of his life, quits his body, remembering Me alone, at once attains My nature. Of this there is no doubt.

Since He gives even His own self to anyone who simply remembers His lotus feet, what doubt is there that He, the spiritual master of the universe, will bestow upon His sincere worshiper prosperity and material enjoyment, which are not even very desirable?

vaisnave (In the Visnu Pur ana it is stated) vdsudeve mano yasya japa homdrccanadisu tasyantardyo maitreya devendratvadi sat phalam Parasara Muni said: O Maitreya, for those whose minds are fixed on chanting the holy name of the Lord, performing fire sacrifices, and worshiping Lord Vasudeva, the enjoyment of the fruit of their pious activities and the attainment of liberation appear to be impediments.

Remembrance of Lord Visnu is certainly the root of great austerity, the reservoir of all piety, and the sweetest of all fruit that one tastes in this life.

The highest perfection of human life, achieved either by complete knowledge of matter and spirit, by practice of mystic powers, or by perfect discharge of occupational duty, is to remember the Personality of Godhead at the end of life.

1£CA SRI HARI-BHAKTI-VILASA

Please tell us how we may constantly remember Your lotus feet, though we continue in the cycle of birth and death in this world.

Now I have seen Your feet, which grant liberation to Your devotees, which even Lord Brahma and other great personalities of unfathomable intelligence can only meditate upon within their hearts, and which those who have fallen into the well of material existence resort to for deliverance. Please favor me so that I may constantly think of You as I travel about. Please grant Me the power to remember You.

If someone thinks that he can reach the limit of the glories of remembering Lord Krsna then it should be understood that he has lost his intelligence, being deceived by the illusory energy of Sri Caitanyadeva .

Thereafter, one should drink a little carandmrta with a tulasl leaf and then touch his hand to his head. Next, he should offer obeisances to his spiritual master and offer all of his activities at the lotus feet of Sri Krsna.

vdmana pur due (In the Vdmana Pur ana it is stated) sarva mangala mangalayam varenyam varadam sivam ndrdyanarh namaskrtyam sarva karmani karayet One should begin one's day by first offering his obeisances at the lotus feet of Sri Narayana, who is the source of all auspiciousness, and who awards the greatest benedictions to his devotees.

vimu dharmottare (In the Visnu-dharmottara it is stated) yad utsavddikarh karma tattayd prerito hare karisydmi tvayd jneyam id vijndpanam mama O Lord Hari, my humble appeal is that whatever I may do, I will do it according to Your order and inspiration.

O Visnu! O Hrslkesa! O Isana! I have been awakened in the morning by You. I do whatever you cause me to do. O consciousness of the three worlds! O Lord! O Visnu! O Original Personality of Godhead! I wake up by Your order and I will perform my daily duties for the sake of Your pleasure.

O Sri Nrsimhadeva! O indwelling Supersoul! O almighty Lord! May arrogance, insult, quarrel, illusion and fear not harm me as I perform my daily duties according to Your order. I know the religious principles but I have no inclination to follow them. I know what is irreligiosity but I am unable to free myself from sinful inclinations. O Hrslkesa! I follow the way in which You guide me while residing in my heart.

mahdbhdrate (In the Mahdbhdrata it is stated)

namo brahmanya-devdya go-brdhmana-hitdya ca jagad-dhitdya krsndya govinddya namo namah I offer my respectful obeisances to the Supreme Absolute Truth, Krsna, who is the well-wisher of the cows and the brdhmanas, as well as the living entities in general. I offer my repeated obeisances to Govinda, who is the pleasure reservoir for all the senses.

I offer my obeisances unto Vasudeva, who is unapproachable by the demons, demigods and perfected beings; the object of the sages' meditation; completely pure; situated in everyone's heart; omniscient; the witness of all; unborn; immortal; and the form of pure goodness.

I offer my obeisances at the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord, who appears as the supreme enjoyer of all sacrifices for those who perform them, who appears as Vasudeva for the devotees, and who appears as Visnu for the knowers of Veddnta.

After appealing to, remembering, and glorifying the Supreme Lord in this way, an intelligent devotee should offer obeisances to Him at least four times.

After this, one should decorate his forehead with marks of tilaka made of gopl-candana and then sit on a purified asana in a sanctified place.

Wise persons should perform their morning duties (brushing the teeth, passing stool, etc.) away from home and then purify themselves by bathing. Thereafter, they should sit on a purified dsana, facing east.

Thereafter, according to the method prescribed by one's sampraddya, one should purify himself and then practice controlling his breathing while meditating on Lord Krsna. With a desire to uproot all sinful reactions,

one should perform his prescribed duties and then concentrate his mind on Lord Visnu, after rising at the end of the night, before dawn.

In the above-mentioned manner, a practitioner of devotional service should daily chant the holy names of the Lord and meditate on Him, beginning from before sunrise until night.

A devotee should divide the night into five parts and then engage in chanting the holy names of the Lord, remembering the Lord, and performing sacrifices after rising from bed during the last part of the night.

The last muhurtta of the last prahara of the night is called the brdhma- muk&rtta.

Now, the process of meditation and the glories of meditation will be briefly described. The rules for drinking the water that has washed the Lord's lotus feet will be described later, as well as the glories of this activity.

tdpanlya srutisu (In the Tdpanlya-sruti it is stated) sat pundarlka nayanarh meghdbharh vaidyutdmbaram dvibhujarh mauna mudrddharh vanamdlilarh livaram gopa gopl gavd vltarh suradruma latdsrayam divydlankaranopetarh rahta pankaja madhyagam kdlindl jala kalloka sangi mdrilta sevitam cintayarhs ceti tarn krsnarh mukto bhavati sarhsrteh One who meditates on Lord Krsna—whose eyes resemble fully blossomed lotus flowers; whose complexion is just like a newly formed monsoon cloud; whose dress resembles the color of lightning; who has two hands; who stands in a three-fold bending posture; who wears a garland o{ forest flowers; who is surrounded by the cowherd boys and cowherd girls, as well as the cows of Vraja; who is seated under a desire tree; who is decorated with divine ornaments; who is situated inside a red lotus; and who enjoys the cool breezes passing through the waves of the Yamuna— achieves liberation from the bondage of material existence.

Mrtyunjaya-sarhhitd, it is stated in the Sdradd-tilaka) smared vrnddbane ramye mohayantam andratam

govindarh pundarikdksarh gopakanydh sahasrasah atmano vadandmbhoja preritdksi madhuvratdh kdma vdnena vivasas dram dslesanotsukdh Thousands of cowherd girls have fixed their bumblebee-like eyes on the lotus-like face of Sri Krsna. Due to their intense love for Krsna, they have become intoxicated, being very eager to embrace Him.

The gopis are decorated with pearl necklaces and their breasts are round and firm. Their braided hair and garnments have become loose. Because of being intoxicated by ecstatic love, their voices are choked. Their quivering lips are beautified by the effulgence of their teeth. They tempt Krsna with various gestures and indications. Meditate on lotus- eved Krsna, who attracts the hearts of the cowherd girls in the beautiful land of Vrndavana.

I worship Govinda, whose complexion is just like that of a fully blossomed blue lotus flower, whose face is as beautiful as the full moon, who is fond of being decorated with peacock feathers, who has the mark

of Srivatsa on His chest, who wears a Kaustubha gem, who is dressed in yellow garments, whose very sight is most pleasing, who is adored by the lotus-like eyes of the gopis, who is surrounded by the cows and cowherd girls, and who always enjoys playing His flute.

The process of meditation on Sri Krsna is described in the Gautamlya- tantra. This will be described in great detail later on. One should perform whichever process of meditation he is most attracted to.

brhatsdtdlapasmrtau (In the Brhat-satdlapa-smrti it is stated) paksopavdsat yat pdparh purusasya pranasyati prdndydm satenaiva yat pdparh nasyate nrndm prdndydm sahasrena yat pdparh nasyate nrndm ksanamdtrena tat pdparh harer dhydndt pransyati The amount of sinful reactions one nullifies by observing a fast for fifteen days, or by performing breathing exercises one hundred times, is at once nullified simply by meditating on Lord Krsna for a second.

Even a person who has committed all kinds of sinful activities—if he meditates on Lord Krsna for only a moment, he can become a great asetic and thus purify other purifying agents.

THIRD VILAS A J^Q

O n e should remember Lord Narayana in all of one's activities, such as bathing in a holy place. Meditation on Lord Narayana is the best form of atonement for all kinds of sinful reactions.

brhanndradlye kaliprasahge (In the Kali-prasahga section of the Brhan-ndradlya Purdna it is stated) samastajagadddhararh paramdrtha svarupinam ghore kaliyuge prdpte visnu dhydyanasldati When the formidable age of Kali arrives, if one meditates on Lord Visnu, who is the shelter of the entire universe, and the Supreme Absolute Truth, he will never feel any distress.

the Kdrttika-mdhdtmya section of the Skanda Purdna) kirhtasya bahubhir tlrthaih kirhtasya bahubhir vrataih yo nityarh dhydyate devarh ndrdyandm ananyadhlh For a person who constantly meditates on Sri Narayana without deviation—what is the need of visiting holy places and observing various kinds of vows?

17 « SRI HARI-BHAKTI-VILASA

brhanndradlye pradaksina mahdtmydnte (At the end of the description of the glories of pradaksina that is found in the Brhan-ndradlya Purana it is stated) ye mdnavd vigatardga pardparajnd nardyanarh suragururh satatarh smaranti dhydnena tena hatarkilbisa vedandste mdtuh payodhara rasarh na punah pibanti Those who know the science of Krishna consciousness and whose attachment for material enjoyment has been vanquished always meditate on Sri Narayana, who is the spiritual master of the demigods. As a result, they become freed from all sinful reactions so that they will not have to ever again drink their mother's milk. In other words, they become liberated from the cycle of repeated birth and death.

skdnde srl brahmaktau (Sri Brahma has said in the Skanda Purana) muhurttarh api yo dhydyen nardyanarh alandritah so'pi sad gatimdpnoti kirn punas tat pardyanah What more can I say about the person who is inclined to meditate on the Supreme Lord? Anyone who meditates on Lord Narayana, even for a moment, attains the ultimate goal of life.

between Yama and a brahmana found in the Vaisakha-mahatmya section of the Padma Purana it is stated) dhydnti purusam divyam acyutam ca smaranti ye

labhante te cyutasthdnarh srutiresd purdtanl Those who remember the transcendental Personality of Godhead, Sri Acyuta, and meditate upon Him, attain His eternal abode. This is the verdict of all great authorities, since time immemorial.

bodily features as the Lord) vairena yam nrpatayah sisupdla-paundra- sdlvddayo gati-vildsa-vilokanddyaih dhydyanta dhrta-dhiyah sayandsanddau tat-sdmyam dpur anurakta-dhiydrh punah kim Inimical kings like Sisupala, Paundraka and Salva were always thinking about Lord Krsna. Even while they were lying down, sitting, or engaging in other activities, they enviously meditated upon the bodily movements of the Lord, His sporting pastimes, His loving glances upon His devotees, and other attractive features displayed by the Lord. Being thus always absorbed in Krsna, they achieved liberation in the Lord's transcendental abode. What then can be said of the benedictions offered to those who constantly fix their minds on Lord Krsna in a favorable, loving mood?

Great, liberated saintly persons take to Your devotional service because only by devotional service can one be relieved from the illusions of material existence. O my Lord, there is no need for liberated souls to take shelter at Your lotus feet but such souls are attracted to Your lotus feet.

After repeated consideration while churning the ocean of scriptures, it has been concluded that constant meditation on Lord Narayana is most essential.

said in the Ndrayana-vyuhastava section of the Hayasirsa-pancardtra) ye tyakta loka dharmarthd visnu bhakti vasarh gatdh dhydyanti paramdtmdnarh tebhyo nityam namo namah iti smarane yattu mahdtmyam tad dhydne' pikhilarh viduh bheda kalpyeta sdmdnya visesdbhdrh tayoh kiydn I offer my repeated obeisances unto those who give up worldly etiquette and meditate on the Supersoul, Sri Krsna, while becoming His unalloyed devotee. There is no difference between remembering Lord Krsna and meditating on Him. Both are supremely glorious. Meditation is a general activity and remembrance occurs at a specific time.

After performing sauca, dcamana, smarana and dhydna, one should enter the Deity room. He should then wake up the Lord while ringing a bell and offering prayers. After this, he should offer more prayers as follows:

The Lord, who is supreme and is the oldest of all, is unlimitedly merciful. I wish that He may smilingly bestow His benediction upon me by opening His lotus eyes. He can uplift the entire cosmic creation and remove our dejection by kindly speaking His directions.

O Lord! O protector of the surrendered souls! O Kesava! Please be merciful to me. O Acyuta! Kindly purify me by awarding me Your darsana once again.

Thereafter, one should remove all of the flowers from the altar, except the tulasi plant, while offering prayers or reciting the one thousand names of Sri Krsna.

atrismrtau (In the Atri-smrti it is stated) prdtah kale sadd kurydn nirmdlya uttdranam budah trsitdh pasabo baddhdh kanyakd ca rajasvald devatd ca sanirmdlya hand punyarh purdkrtam

,«» SRIHARI-BHAKTI-VILASA devamalya apanayanarh devdgdre samuhanam sndpanarh sarvadevdndm gopraddna samara smrtam An intelligent devotee should remove the flowers from the altar early in the morning. If, at one's house, an animal is tied with a rope and is not given water; if a small girl attains puberty prematurely, or if the Deity is left decorated with flowers from the previous day—all of that person's accumulated piety is destroyed.

After waking up and performing his morning duties, one who removes the old flowers from the Deity's altar never faces distress, poverty, immature death, or disease.

The Deity feels like He is being stabbed by a small knife if the flowers from the previous day are left on until the next sunrise, and if they are left on until late in the morning, the Lord feels like He is being stabbed by a big knife.

If the flowers are not removed until one danda of the morning has passed, the Lord feels like He is being stabbed with a knife and if they are not removed even after one danda has passed, it feels like a thunderbolt to the Lord.

sunrise. If the flowers are removed one hour late, it amounts to a small sin. If the flowers are removed one muhurtta late, it amounts to big sin. If the flowers are removed four dandas late, it amounts to a grave sin. If the flowers are removed three muhurttas late, it amounts to a most grave sin, and if the flowers are removed later than that, it amounts to the killing a brdhmana, or committing the five kinds of sins. If the flowers are removed more than one prahara late (three hours) then no form of atonement can purify the offender.

•*U SRI HARI-BHAKTI-VILASA muhurtta triya'tlte ajutarh japamdcaret prahare purnatam ydte purascaram ucyate prahare samatikrdnte prayascittam na vidyate Now, the atonement for counteracting the offense of removing the flowers late is being described. If the flowers are removed late by half-a- muhiirtta, one should chant his mantra one thousand times. If one is late by one muhurtta, he should chant his mantra one thousand five hundred times. If one is late by four dandas, or two muhilrttas, he should chant his mantra two thousand times. If one is late by three muhurttas, he should chant his mantra ten thousand times, and if he's late by one prahara, he should perform the purascarana. There is no atonement recommended if one is later than one prahara.

One should offer a small amount of water to the Lord for washing His lotus hands, mouth, and feet. One should then offer a twig to the Lord for brushing His teeth.

Next, one should offer the Lord a tongue cleaner, His shoes, and some pure clay. One should then again offer some water, and a cloth for the Lord to wipe His face. Thereafter, one should offer fresh tulasi leaves to the Lord. The glories of this process of worship will be described later on.

visnu dharmottare (In the Visnu-dharmottara it is stated) danta kdstha praddnena danta saubhdgya mrcchati jihvollekhanikdrh dattvd virogastu abhijayate padukdydh praddnena gatirh istdm avapnuyat mrdbhdga ddndd devasya bhumirh apnoti anuttamdm By offering a twig to Lord Krsna for brushing His teeth, one will attain glorious teeth. By offering Him a tongue cleaner, one becomes free from all disease. By offering Him shoes, one's desires are fulfilled, and by offering Him some clay, one attains the good fortune of possessing land.

I^o SRIHARI-BHAKTI-VILASA strlndrh pumsdmca sarvesdm etat sarvesta purakam samasta dainya ddridrya duritdt upsdntikrt One must then perform the auspicious mangala-drati to Sri Krsna while reciting selected verses that are accompanied by the playing of musical instruments. This ceremony is very beneficial for all men and women. It destroys all miseries, removes poverty, and fulfills all of one's desires. Everyone must perform mangala-drati with utmost purity. After getting up early in the morning, one should faithfully attend mangala- drati while fixing his mind on the Lord.

When the sun has risen, one should go and bathe. One should go to a pure pond or river to bathe while chanting the holy names of Krsna.

One should rise early in the morning, during the brdhma muhilrtta, and sit down firmly on an dsana that is marked with a svastika and

meditate on Sri Krsna. Thereafter, one should go out of his house while chanting, "O Vasudeva! O Aniruddha! O Pradyumna! O Adhoksaja! O Sankarsana!" and then offer his obeisances.

Thereafter, one should go to a reservoir of water, taking with him the necessary items. One should first pass stool and urine. Then, one should cleanse all the holes of his body and take a complete bath, in the way that is prescribed for his particular varna and dsrama.

Aurbba and Sagara that is found in the Visnu Purdna it is stated) tatah kalye samutthdya kurydn maitrarh naresvara nairtyamisu viksepam atltydti adhikarh grhdt durdd avasathdn mutrarh purlsam ca samut srjet paddva secanocchiste praksipenna grhdngane dtmacchdydrh taroscchdydrh go siirydgnir nildrhs tathd gururh dvijdtims ca budho na meheta kadacana O King, one should rise early in the morning and then pass stool and urine, quite a distance from the house. The distance should be the

jgQ SRIHARI-BHAKTI-VILASA distance an arrow travels when released from the bow. One should try to find a place on the southeast side, far away from his house. One should not throw contaminated things, and one should not wash one's feet inside the house. O n e should never pass stool and urine while facing a cow, the sun, a fire, the spiritual master, or a brdhmana, or on one's shaddow, or in the shade of a tree.

O foremost of human beings, one should not pass stool on land that has just been tilled, in bed, in a pasturing ground, in public, in the middle of a road, on the bank of a river or pond, within the water, or in a crematorium.

Unless there is an emergency, one should pass stool facing north during the day, facing south during the night, after spearding straw on the ground, and while covering one's head with a cloth. O n e should not speak while passing stool and one should not spend much time evacuating.

One should pass stool after wrapping one's sacred thread around his right ear. He should face north and cover the spot with wood, leaves, dust or grass and he should cover his head with a piece of cloth. One should not pass stool while facing a woman, respectable persons, brdhmanas, cows, deities, a temple, or water. One should not pass stool while looking at a river or the stars, or while facing the wind, the sun, the moon, or a fire.

Karttikeya and Agastya that is recorded in the Skanda Purdna it is stated) tatascdvasyakarh karttum nairtdrh disam asrayet grdmdddhanuh satarh gachhen nagardcca caturgunam

karnopavityud vahtro divase sandhy yorapi binmutre visrjen mouni nisdydrh daksind mukhah na lokayed diso bhdgdn jyotiscakrarh nabho'malam bdmena pdnind sisnarh dhrtvottisthet prayatnavdn Thereafter, to perform one's daily morning duties, one should go from the northwest side of his house. One should pass stool and urine at least four hundred feet away from a village, and at least sixteen hundred feet away from a town. While passing stool, one should keep his sacred thread on his right ear. During the day, one should face north and at night, one should face south while passing stool. One should not speak while passing stool and one should not look here and there. After finishing, one should stand up while holding his genitals with his left hand.

O n e should not pass stool or urine on a pasturing ground, on an anthill, on ashes, or in a pit full of insects. One should not pass urine while standing or walking. However, while faced with some fearful condition that may have arisen, one may pass stool and urine facing any direction, or in a shadow, or in the dark.

£ri visnu purdne tatraiva (In a conversation between Aurva and Sagara that is recorded in the Visnu Purdna, the following verses are found) balmika musikot khdtdrh mrdarh ndntarjdlat tathd saucdbasistdrh gehdcca na dadydt lepa sambhavdm antah pranyabapanndrh ca halot khdtdrh ca pdrthiva parityajen mrdascaitdh sakala sauca sddhane ekd linge gude tisto dasa bdma kare nrpa hasta dvaye ca saptanya mrdah saucapapddikdh O King, one should not use the clay from an anthill, a mouse hole, the bottom of a pond, or the walls of one's property for cleansing oneself after passing stool or urine. One should also not use clay which is infested with insects or which was tilled by a plough. O King, one should wash his genitals with clay once, his anus three times, his left hand ten times, and both hands seven times.

To become purified, one should wash his feet three times daily with clay and wash his hands three times with clay after cleaning his nails.

It is recommended that one wash his genitals once, his anus five times, his left hand ten times, both hands seven times, both feet once, and again both hands three times with water and clay. This process of cleansing should be continued until any bad odor has completely vanished. This procedure is meant for householders. Brahmacdris should double the numbers mentioned for householders, vanaprasthas should triple the numbers, and sannyasls should quadruple them. At night, one may cleanse himself half the number of times recommended for the day. When one is sick, he should also cleanse himself half the number of times recommended for the day. If one is being harassed, he may decrease the number of times he cleanses himself. Ladies can cleanse themselves one-fourth the number of times recommended for householders. If one is healthy, he should not decrease the amount of times he cleanses himself. Each time one cleanses himself, he should use an amount of clay equal in size to an dmalakl fruit.

O n e should use as much clay as it takes to cover the bottom portion of the ring finger, middle finger and index finger.

For the first cleansing, one should use half of his palm full of clay, and for the second and third cleansings, one should use half that amount.

One should wash his genitals once with clay, his left hand three times, and then both hands twice.

O n e should wash his feet twice with water and clay and then he should wash his hands to become purified while remembering Lord Hari.

visnu purdne tatraiva (In a conversation between Aurva and Sagara that is recorded in the Visnu Purdna it is stated)

,nz- SRIHARI-BHAKTI-VILASA achhend gandha phenena jalend budbudena ca dcdmeta mrdarh bhuyas tathd dadydt samdhitah nispdditdhghri saucas tu paddba bhyuksya vai punah trih pivet salilarh tena tathd dvih parimdrjjayet One should perform dcamana with clear, pure water that is devoid of any odor, foam, or bubbles. One should wash his feet carefully with clay and water. After washing his feet with clay, one should wash them with plain water three times.

Thereafter, one should touch the clay to one's eyes, nose, and head and then sprinkle water on one's hands, navel, and chest.

After washing one's hands and feet, one should perform acamana three times. One should then wipe his mouth with the palm of his hand. Thereafter, one should touch one's mouth with three fingers, one's nose with two fingers (the thumb and the index finger) and one's eyes and ears with two fingers (the little finger and the ring finger). After this, one should touch one's navel with two fingers (the thumb and the little finger), one's chest with his palm, one's head with all the fingers, and one's arms with the tips of his fingers.

One should sit down firmly in a purified place that is devoid of the husk of rice, ashes, or bones and while facing east or north, he should perform acamana with sanctified water that is odorless and devoid of foam. Brdhmanas should perform acamana with water that has been purified by means of brahma-tirtha yoga, ksatriyas by touching water to their throat, vaisyas by touching water to their palate, and women and sudras by simply touching water to their mouth.

Brdhmanas should not perform dcamana with water left over from washing their feet. Sage Baudhayana has said that if one has to perform dcamana with this water, he should first pour some of it onto the ground and then perform dcamana.

bharadvaja smrtau (In the Bharadvaja-smrti it is stated) pdnind daksinenaiva samhatdnguli ndcamet muktdngustha kanisthena nakhasprstd apastyajet O n e should perform acamana with his right hand without using the little finger and thumb. O n e should not perform dcamana with water that has been touched by one's nails.

Before having his meal, a brdhmana should perform dcamana. After waking up in the morning, after bathing, after traveling, after touching his lips, after putting on his clothes, after passing stool or urine, after discharging semen, after speaking a lie, after spitting, before commencing his studies, after coughing, after walking in the courtyard or in a crematorium, as well as both in the morning and in the evening, he should perform dcamana.

It is prohibited to perform dcamana without covering one's head and throat with a cloth, without dressing properly, without tying one's sikhd, or without washing one's feet with water and clay. Intelligent persons should not perform dcamana while wearing leather shoes, while standing in the water, or while wearing a turban. One should not perform dcamana with rainwater, with a contaminated hand, with one hand, without wearing a sacred thread, while sitting on a pair of shoes, or while exposing his knees.

JQQ SRIHARI-BHAKTI-VILASA praksalane dvayoh panyor govindarh madhusudarh ekam ca mdrjjane'nyam trivikramam unmdrjjane 'pyadharayor vdmana srldhardbubhau While performing dcamana three times, a Vaisnava should remember Lord Kesava, Lord Narayana and Lord Madhava. While washing his hands after performing dcamana, a Vaisnava should remember Lord Govinda and Lord Visnu. While cleansing his body, a Vaisnava should remember Lord Madhusudana and Lord Trivikrama and while cleaning his lips, he should remember Lord Vamana and Lord Srldhara.

While washing his hands again, a Vaisnava should chant the name, Hrsikesa. While washing his feet, he should chant the name, Padmanabha. While washing his head, he should chant the name, Damodara. While washing his mouth, he should chant the name, Vasudeva. While washing his nostrils, he should chant the names, Sankarsana and Pradyumna. While washing his eyes, he should chant the names, Aniruddha and Purusottama. While washing his ears, he should chant the names Adhoksaja and Nrsimhadeva. While washing his navel, he should chant the name, Acyuta. While purifying his heart, he should chant the name, Janardhana. While purifying his forehead, he should chant the name, Upendra. While washing his right arm, he should chant the name, Hari, and while purifying his left arm, he should chant the name, Krsna. While chanting these holy names, one should complete the name in the fourth dative case and add the word namah. If one is unable to follow this procedure, due to illness, he can simply touch his right ear. This is the recommendation given in the scriptures.

tatra kdtydyanah (In this reagard, Sage Katyayana has said) atha dantadhdvanavidih tatra kdtydyanah utthdya netrarh praksdlya sucirbhutvd samdhitah parijapya ca mantrena bhaksayed dantadhdvanam mantrascdyam dyurvalam yaso varcah prajd pasuvasuni ca brahma prajndnca medhdnca tvarh no dhehi vanaspate After waking up in the morning, one should wash his eyes and then chant the following mantra with a pure and peaceful mind before brushing his teeth: O tree, may you give us a long duration of life, strength,

fame, power, offspring, domestic animals, wealth, spiritual knowledge, intelligence, and the power of remembrance.

kail khdnde (In the Kdil-khanda it is stated) atho mukha viiudvayartham grhhhl yd danta dhdvanam dcdnto 'pyaiuciryasmdda krtva danta dhdvanam Thereafter, in order to purify one's mouth, one should collect twigs for brushing his teeth. Unless one brushes his teeth, he continues to remain impure, even though he may perform dcamana.

A person who worships Me without first brushng his teeth with a twig certainly destroys all of his piety that was accumulated from many lifetimes.

One should avoid sexual intercourse, massaging the body with oil, eating meat, and brushing his teeth with a twig on the fourteeth day and

the eighth day of the waning moon, on the new moon day, full moon day, and on the day when the sun moves into a new sign of the zodiac.

One should not brush his teeth with a twig on the first day and ninth day of the waning moon, on the new moon day, as well as on Sundays and Saturdays.

If one brushes his teeth with a twig on the first day, sixth day, or ninth day of the waning moon, as well as on the new moon day, one hundred generations of his family will be burnt to ashes.

One should not brush his teeth with a twig on a fasting day, and on the day of performing the srdddha ceremony. If one does so, his act will ruin seven generations of his family.

One's previously accumulated piety is destroyed if one brushes his teeth with a twig on the first day, the new moon day, the sixth day, or the ninth day of the waning moon, as well as on Ekadasi, or on Sunday.

It is recommended that on prohibited days one should brush his teeth with grass, tree bark, or leaves.

One should brush his teeth with leaves on the first day, the new moon day, the sixth day, the ninth day, and on Sunday. O n other days, he must use a twig and also clean his tongue.

In the absence of a twig, or on prohibited days, one should use pure leaves to clean his teeth but one should clean his tongue every day.

One should use grass or leaves on the days that using a twig is prohibited, except on the new moon day and EkadasI because on these days, cleaning the teeth even with grass or leaves is prohibited.

In the absence of a twig, and on prohibited days, one should brush his teeth with only twelve palmfuls of water.

O n e should use twelve palmfuls of water for cleansing his mouth if twigs are not available, or on days when the brushing of one's teeth is prohibited. To cleanse one's mouth, a person may use grass or leaves, even on fast days, because without brushing one's teeth, a person remains impure. There is no fault in brushing one's teeth, decorating one's body with sandalwood paste, wearing nice clothes and flower garlands—even on fast days.

smrtau (In the Smrti-sastra it is stated) sarve kantakinah punydh dyurdydh kslrinahh smrtah katu tikta kasdyds ca valdrogya sukha pradah paldsdndrh danta kdstham pdduke caiva varjayet varjayecca prayatnena vatam vdsvthameva ca The twigs of any tree that is full of thorns is best for brushing one's teeth. Using the wood of a tree that is sweet in taste increases one's lifespan. Using the wood of a tree that is bitter or pungent in taste gives one strength, good health and happiness. However, one should carefully avoid using the wood of a palasa tree as a tooth brush, or as shoes. O n e should also avoid using the wood of a banyan tree or an asvattha tree as a tooth brush or for making shoes.

The best wood for brushing one's teeth is a twig as thick as one's middle finger. It should be about six inches long and with the bark intact. One should hold the twig at the base and brush his teeth with the front portion. Twigs from peepal and malatl trees are auspicious, and twigs from bilva and apdmdrga trees are especially auspicious. Twigs from karavl, dkunda and similar trees should not be used for brushing one's teeth. A person who knows the prescribed rules and regulations should choose an appropriate twig and brush his teeth daily, except on prohibited days. O n e should not use a twig that has been split in half. O n e should not hold the twig with the tip of his fingers. After brushing one's teeth, one should throw the twig in a proper place.

A suitable twig for brushing one's teeth is one that is as thick as one's thumb and having its bark intact. It should be smooth, straight, about six inches long, and it should not be dry. One should use the same kind of twig for cleaning his tongue by bending it like a bow.

Without using kuia grass and the first finger, one should rinse his mouth with twelve palmfuls of water while chanting the mantra: somo rdjdya mdgman sa me mukharh mdrjjate yasasd ca bhagena va. After chanting this mantra, one should brush his teeth in the morning with a twig that is about six inches long and was preferably taken from a peepal tree. One should not use the twig of a banyan tree, khadira tree, palasa tree, arka tree, mango tree or bilva tree. One should avoid brushing his teeth on the first day, fourteenth day, eighth day, and ninth day of the waning moon, as well as on the full moon day, new moon day, and on a day when the sun travels from one zodiac sign to another.

After brushing their teeth, brdhmanas, ksatriyas and vaisyas should wash their hands and mouth and then comb their hair, according to the rules mentioned previously. Thereafter, they should chant orhkdra and the Gayatri mantra while tying their sikha. It is said that one should not comb his hair while facing south, or looking up.

visnupurdne tatraiva (In a conversation between Aurva Muni and Sagara that is recorded in the Visnu Purdna it is stated) nadl nada taddgesu devakhdta jalesu ca nitya kriyartham sndylta giri prasravanesu ca kupesu dhrta toyena sndnam kurvita vd bhuvi sndyitodhrta toyena athavd bhuvya sambhave Before performing his daily duties, a devotee should bathe in the water of a river, lake, pond, kunda or stream that flows down from a mountain. One can also bathe by collecting water in a pot from a well. If the need arises, one may also bathe with water that has been stored, as well as warm water.

tatra kdtydyanah (In this regard, Sage Katyayana has said) yathdhani tatha prdtar nityam snayddandturah

atyantamalinah kayo navacchidra samanvitah sravatyeva divdrdtrau prdtahsndnarh visodhanam A healthy person should bathe in the morning, and also at noon. Every human body is impure by nature and has nine holes. Dirty substances emanate from these holes, day and night. By bathing in the morning, one's body becomes purified.

Members of vdnaprastha and grhastha dsramas should bathe in the morning and at noon. Sannydsls should bathe three times a day, and brahmacarls should bathe once a day. If unable to do this, all of them can bathe only once a day. If still unable to do this, one can purify himself simply by chanting mantras.

If unable to bathe as previously described, a karml can bathe without putting water on his head. One can cleanse his body by wiping it with a wet cloth, or rubbing it with a wet hand.

Without bathing, a human being is not eligible to perform ritualistic activities, such as fire sacrifices and chanting mantras.

Unless one bathes in the morning, he is not qualified to perform any activities, especially chanting mantras and performing sacrifices. That is why one must bathe in the morning.

When a human being sleeps, he becomes contaminated by sweating and by saliva. Therefore, only by bathing in the morning can one be qualified to chant mantras, offer prayers, and perform other religious acts.

Devahuti and Vikundala that is recorded in the Padma Purana, it is stated) sndnarii vina tu yo bhunkte maldsl sa saddnarah asndyino 'sucestasya vimukhah pitrdevatdh

jr,, SRI HARI-BHAKTI-VILASA sndnahino narah pdpl sndnahino'sucih sadd asndyl narakarh bhuktvd pukkasddisu jdyate Anyone who eats without first bathing is considered to eat stool. A person remains impure by failing to bathe and as a result, the forefathers and demigods do not become pleased with him. A person who avoids bathing is sinful and always impure. One who does not bathe suffers miseries in hellish conditions and in his next life, he is born in a family of outcastes, such as Pulkasas.

mahdbhdrate udyogaparvani sri viduroktau (In the Udyoga-parva of the Mahdbhdrata, Sri Vidura said) gund dasa sndnasllarh bhajante balarh ruparh svaravarna prasidhih sparsasca gandhasca visudhtd ca srih saukumdryyam pravardsca ndryyah Ten good qualities—strength, beauty, a sweet voice, fairness, softness of the touch, fragrance, purity, attraction, youthfulness, and effulgence— always adore a person who regularly bathes. In other words, a person who bathes daily possesses all of these qualities.

A person who bathes daily does not suffer the punishment of Yamaraja. What to speak of this, even the most sinful people become purified by bathing daily. O Vaisya, by bathing in the morning one becomes purified, both internally and externally. As a result, one becomes thoroughly purified and so does not have to suffer in hell. Those who bathe in the flowing water of streams on auspicious occassions never suffer from any distress. Such people will not have to accept a birth in a low-class family. O best of the vaisyas, those who become purified by bathing in the morning do not have bad dreams or anxieties.

By bathing daily one's mind becomes joyful, the demigods become pleased, and one develops good fortune, beauty, happiness, good health, piety, knowledge, fame and patience. Bathing in the morning destroys grave sinful reactions, removes inauspicious symptoms, as well as anxiety, lamentation, and distress.

Bathing in the morning awards a person benefit, both in this world and in the next. Therefore, it is highly praised by thoughtful people. There is no doubt that all sinful reactions can be destroyed simply by bathing in the morning.

The human body is always considered to be contaminated. It consists of nine holes through which contaminated substances are excreted. By bathing in the morning, all types of contamination becomes cleared off. In other words, by bathing in the morning, the body becomes pure. Bathing in the morning gives one enthusiasm, intelligence, good fortune, beauty, wealth, and happiness. For this reason, it is highly glorified.

Learned people say that bathing as the sun rises destroys all sinful reactions, just like the vow of prajapatya. A morning bath destroys sin, inauspicious symptoms, laziness, impurities, and the effects of bad dreams. It awards one satisfaction and good health. Miseries can never approach a person who bathes in the morning. A morning bath is beneficial in this life and in the next. These are all reasons why one should bathe early in the morning.

Two kinds of baths—a general bath and a morning bath have been prescribed in the scriptures. Although both baths appear similar, there is a difference between them because a morning bath is more important than a general bath.

After going to a holy reservoir of water, one should keep his clean clothes, kusa grass, and clay on the bank and then, according to the rules and regulations that are prescribed for his varna and dsrama, he should bathe. No good result is attained by performing a daily or occational ritualistic activity while wearing unclean clothes.

First of all, one should wash his hands and feet, very respectfully offer obeisances and prayers to the reservior of water and to the Supreme Lord, and then offer arghya to the water while remembering the most sanctified rivers, such as the Ganges.

O He whose voice is grave, like the ocean! O He who holds a stick in His hand! O killer of the demons! O creator of the universe! O annihilator of the universe! O master of the demigods, I offer my obeisances unto You." After chanting this mantra, one should prepare to bathe in a holy reservoir of water. If one does not follow this procedure, the predominating deity of the holy place takes away half of the piety that one had accumulated by bathing there. Before bathing, one should pray as follows to the Lord, to obtain permission for bathing and rendering service in that holy place: O Lord of lords! O Lord of the universe! O holder o{ the conch, disc, club, and lotus! O Lord Visnu, kindly give me permission to serve Your holy place.

Thereafter, accoring to the prescribed rules and regulations, one should smear clay over his body and then enter the water of that holy place. If one bathes in a river, he should turn so that he is facing against the current, and if he is bathing in a pond or lake, he should face the sun. Thereafter, one should purify all directions and then invoke Goddess Ganga as emanating from the sun. Afterwards, one should hold kusa grass in his hand and meditate on the lotus feet of Sri Krsna while simultaneiously practicing prdndydma. He should then bathe in the holy water after chanting the holy name of the Supreme Lord and performing dcamana and prdndyama, while chanting the mula-mantra. Thereafter, one should once again bathe while remembering Sri Krsna. One should submerge himself in the water twelve times while chanting one of these holy names each time—Kesava, Narayana, Madhava, Govinda, Visnu, Madhusudana, Trivikrama, Vamana, Srldhara, Hrsikes'a, Padmanabha and Damodara.

sri ndradapaficardtre (In Sri Ndrada-paficardtra it is stated) prasiddhesu ca tlrthesu yadyanyasydbhidhdrh smaret sndtakarh tantu tattirtham abhisapya ksandd vrajet If one remembers other holy places while bathing in a most glorious holy place, such as the Ganga or Yamuna, the predominating deities curse him and immediately depart.

conversation between Sri Narada and Sri Ambarisa that is recorded in the Vaisdkha-mdhdtmya of the Padma Purdna it is stated) evamuccdrya tattirtha pddau praksdlya vdgyatah

smaranndrdyanam devam sndnam kuryyddvidhdnatah tirtham prakalpayeddhimdn mulamantramimam pathan orh namo ndrdyandyeti miilamantra uddhrtah darbhapdnistu vidhivat dcdntah pranato bhuvi caturhastasamdyuktarh caturstrarh samantatah prakalpyd vdhayedgangdrh mantrendnena mdnavah visnupadaprasiltd'si vaisnavl visnudevata • trahi nastvena sastasmdt djanma marandntikdt After chanting the holy name of the Supreme Lord and controlling one's speech, one should first wash his feet before entering the water. One should follow the prescribed rules for bathing while remembering Sri Narayana. An intelligent person should perform dcamana, chant the mula-mantra, orh namo ndrdyandya, and then offer his obeisances to the ground with kusa grass in his hand. He should then draw a square measuring four feet and invoke the Ganges by chanting this mantra: visnupadaprasuta si vaisnavl visnudevata trdhi nastvena sastasmdt djanma marandntikdt. O mother Ganges, you have emanated from the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord. You are the energy of Lord Visnu, and Lord Visnu is your worshipable Lord. Please deliver us from all the sins that we have committed since the time of our birth.

Thereafter, one should take a handful of water and chant a mantra, such as deva deva Jaganndtha, and then put the water on his head. One should do this either four, five, or seven times and then bathe once again. One should follow the same procedure using clay. One should pray, "O Vasundare! O Asvakrante! O Rathakrante! O Visnukrante! O Mrttike! Kindly nullify all of the sinful reactions that I have obtained. Sri Krsna, who had assumed the form of Varaha to deliver the earth from the nether regions, puts an end to the living entities' entanglement in the cycle of repeated birth and death. My obeisances unto You."

After this, if these people are present, one should wash the feet of the spiritual master, the brdhmanas, and one's parents and then sprinkle the water on his head.

O son, the water that has washed the lotus feet of the spiritual master is more sanctified than the water from millions of holy places.

A person whose head is soaked with the water that has washed the feet of a brahmana has obtained the results of bathing in the Ganges.

All of the holy places on earth are situated in the ocean, and all the oceans are situated on the right foot of a brahamana.

Ail the holy places are situated within a conch shell. That is why, if possible, one should bathe by pouring water from a conch shell while chanting the milla-mantra.

Similarly, one should drink a small portion of the water, along with a tulasl leaf, that has been used for bathing the sdlagrdma-sild. One should sprinkle the rest of the water on his head.

After placing within a conch shell some water mixed with sandalwood paste and a tulasl leaf that has been offered to the sdlagrama-sila, one should wave the conch shell in a circular motion three times in the air and then sprinkle the water over his head.

First, one should drink a few drops of water that has been used to bathe the sdlagrdma-slld and then sprinkle the rest on his head. If one does it the other way around, he incurs the sin of killing a brahmana. One should drink the water that has washed the feet of a brahmana before drinking the water that has washed the lotus feet of Lord Visnu. If one does not follow this procedure then he should be addressed as the killer of a brahmana.

I drink the water that has washed the lotus feet of Lord Visnu and hold it on my head because it removes the danger of an untimely death and the suffering from all kinds of diseases.

The glories of drinking the water that has washed the lotus feet of Lord Krsna and sprinkling it on one's head will be described later. Now, the glories of bathing in sanctified water is being described.

padma purdne (In the Padma Purdna it is stated) sa sndtah sarvatirthesu sarvayajnesu dlksitah sdlagrdmasildtoyair yo'abhisekarh samdcaret ganga goddvarl revd nadyo muktipraddstu yah nivasanti tirthdstdh sdlagrdmasildjale kotitlrtha sahasraistu sevitaih kith prayojanam tlrtharh yadi bhavet punyarh sdlagrdma silodbhavam

~14 SRI HARI-BHAKTI-VILASA One who is bathed by the water that has been used to bathe the sdlagrdma-sild should be considered to have bathed in all holy places and to have been initiated into all kinds of sacrifices. The holy water of sacred rivers, such as the Ganga, Godavarl and Reva, which awards liberation, are present within the water that has been used to bathe the sdlagrdma- sild. What is the use of visiting millions of holy places and bathing in the holy water found there if one obtains water that has been used for bathing the sdlagrdma-sild'!

Gautama and Ambarlsa, the following statement is found) yesdm dhautdni gdtrdni hareh pddodakena vai ambarlsa kule tesam ddso'smi vasagah sadd O Ambarlsa, I always wish to become a dependent servant of those whose bodies have been drenched by the water that has washed the lotus feet of Sri Krsna.

Only for as long as the water that has been used to bathe the sdlagrdma-sild is not available, all the holy water of the three words can display its importance.

A person who daily sprinkles the water that has been used to bathe the salagrama-sila on his head is considered to have bathed in the Ganges, even though he may remain at home.

All the holy water and all the demigods, headed by Brahma, are not equal to even one-sixteenth portion of the water that has washed the lotus feet of Lord Visnu. The sinful reactions for the killing of a brahmana can at once be vanquished if one sprinkles on his head the water that has been used to bathe a salagrama-sila or a dvdrakd-sila. A person who bathes with the water that has been used to bath the salagrama-sila, after putting it in a conch shell, attains the result of bathing after conducting a grand sacrifice. Such a person is also considered to have bathed in the Ganges.

SRI H A R I - B H AKTl-VILAS A

kdlena tlrthasalildni punanti pdparh padodakarh bhagavatah prapundti sadyah Bathing in the Ganges at Prayaga, at Gaya, at Naimisaranya, at Puskara, and at places in Kurujarigala destroys a person's sinful reactions after a long time but the water that has washed the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord immediately purifies one.

By bathing in a river that does not flow into the ocean, a person gets three times the benefit of bathing once at home. By bathing in a river that flows into the ocean, one gets fifteen times the benefit of bathing once at home. By bathing in the sea, one receives the benefit of bathing at home for one month. A single bath in the river Godavarl awards the same result as bathing for six months. Bathing only once in the Ganges awards one the result of bathing for one year, and simply by bathing once in the water that has washed the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord, one obtains the result of bathing for twelve years.

O King of birds, those whose bodies are not drenched three times a day with the nectarean water containing a tulasl leaf that has been used to bathe the sdlagrdma-sila should be excluded from all kinds of religious performances.

One should sprinkle the water that has washed the lotus feet of the Lord on his head three times while chanting the mula-mantra and displaying the kumbha-mudrd. One should then offer oblations to the demigods in the customary manner.

tacca vaidikesu prasiddhameva (It is common for those who follow the Vedic principles to offer oblations to the demigods) brahmddayo ye devdstdn devdn tarpaydmi bhur devdms tarpaydmi, bhuvar devdms tarpaydmi, svar devdms tarpaydmi, bhur bhuvah svar devdms tarpaydmi Let me offer oblations to the demigods, headed by Brahma. Let me offer oblations to the demigods, who reside in Bhurloka. Let me offer oblations to the demigods who reside in Bhuvarloka. Let me offer oblations to the demigods who reside in Svargaloka.

One should not use the piece of cloth that he covered himself with while bathing to wipe his body. One should use a fresh cloth for this purpose. After drying himself, one should put on a dhoti and chadara and then sit down to perfrom acamana.

While seated, after bathing, a Vaisnava should mark his forehead and body with tilaka and then again perform acamana. Thereafter, he should perform the vaidiki-sandhyd rituals, followed by the tantriki-sandhya rituals.

kaurme tatraiva (In the Kurma Purdna it is stated) prdk kulesu tatah sthitva darbhesu siisamdhitah pranayama trayarh krtva dhyayet sandhydm id srutihi manusmrti (In the Manu-smrti it is stated) brahmanah saktikdh sarve na saiva na ca vaisnavah yata upasate devlrh gdyatrlrh vedamataram yd ca sandhya jagat sutir mdydtltd hi niskala aisvarl kevala saktis tattva traya smiidbhavd dhyatvdrka mandalagatam savitrim tarn japedbudhah

pranmukhah satatarh viprah sandhyopdsanam dcaret One should sit down on a mat of kusa grass, the tips of which should be facing east, and with a controlled mind perform prdndydma before engaging in meditation and performing other rituals. This is the statement of the Vedas. Because the brdhmanas are the worshipers of Gayatri, the mother of the Vedas, they are neither considered to be the followers of Siva nor Visnu—they are followers of the Lord's energy. Sandhya is she from whom the whole universe has emanated. She is transcendental, pure, born from the three truths, and the undivided spiritual energy. Learned persons should meditate on Gayatri as situated within the sun, and then chant the Gayatri mantra. A hrahmana should always sit facing east while performing the sadhya and other rituals.

A wise person should sit down facing east and chant the Gayatri mantra with a steady mind. Chanting the Gayatri mantra one thousand times is best, chanting one hundred times is better, and chanting ten times is good. O n e who does not perform the sandhya rituals is always impure and therefore not qualified to perform daily and occasional ritualistic activities. Whatever such a person may do, he fails to achieve any tangible result. One who gives up the performance of the sandhya

rituals and endeavors for performing other religious and ritualistic activities traverses the path to hell, again and again.

The qualified brdhmanas of former ages, who were peaceful by nature, self-controlled, and expert in the understanding of the Vedas, attained the highest destination by performing the sandhyd-updsana, according to prescribed rules and regulations.

After faithfully worshiping the predominating deity of one's cherished mantra, a person should offer oblations to the associates of the Lord, according to the prescribed rules and regulations.

Learned persons should worship Sri Hari as situated in the fire by offering oblations of ghee, as situated within the heart by meditating upon Him, and as situated within the sun by chanting the Gayatri mantra.

The Supreme Lord is worshiped as present in the sun. When He is worshiped as situated in water, this is done by offerings of water.

An inteligent devotee should meditate on the lotus feet of Sri Krsna while chanting the mula-mantra and then offer Him oblations three times while saying, "1 am offering oblations to Sri Krsna."

Thereafter, one should offer arghya to Sri Krsna, who is situated within the sun and who is the object of meditation, while chanting the Kama-gayatri mantra.

First, one should chant the blja mantra, klirh, and then, kdmadeva, ending in the fourth dative case, then vidmahe, then puspavanaya, then dhimahl, then tanno'nangah, and finally pracodayat. Thus, the Kama-gayatri mantra is: klirh kamadevaya vidmahe puspavanaya dhimahi tanno'nangah pracodayat.

7?7 SRI HARI-BHAKTI-VILASA

After meditating on Sri Krsna within the sun, one should chant the Kama-gayatri mantra ten times. Then, while saying, "please forgive me," one should offer arghya to Sri Krsna, who is as brilliant as the sun.

In order to establish the specific rules and regulations regarding the process of tdntriki-sandhyd, and worshiping the Lord within the water, the following statements are herein presented.

the tdntrika-sandhyd, according to another opinion) ddau daksina hastena grhnlyddvdri vaisnavah tato hrdaya mantrena vdmapanitale'rpayet tadangull vinirydtdmbhah kanair daksa pdnind mastake netra mantrena kauryydt samproksanam tatah sistam taccdsra mantrena ddydmbho daksapanind adhah ksipet panascaivam id vdracatustayam punar hrdaya mantrana ddydmbho daksapanind

THIRD VILAS A 223 nasaputena vamena dghrdydnyena visarjayet athdmbho'njalimdddya surya mandala varttine arghyafn gopdla gdyatryd krsndya trir nivedayet First of all, a Vaisnava should put some water in his right palm and then pour it into his left palm while chanting the hrdaya mantra. Then, he should let that water escape through the gaps in his fingers so that it falls onto his right palm, so that he can sprinkle it on his head. One should repeat this four times. Thereafter, one should take some water in his right palm, sniff it with his left nostril, and exhale it through his right nostril. Then, one should take two palmfuls of water and offer arghya three times to Krsna, as He is situated within the sun, while chanting the Gopala-gayatri mantra.

First, one should chant the word, gopljana, in the fourth dative case. Then, he should chant the word, vidmahe, followed by the word, gopljana, in the fourth dative case. Then, one should chant the word, dhimahl, then tannah krsnah, and finally, pracodaydt. The Gopala-gayatri mantra is: gopljandya vidmahe gopljandya dhimahl tannah krsnah pracodaydt.

-J-J, S R I H A R I - B H AKTI-VILAS A Thereafter, one should carefully perform the nyasa of the Sri Gopala- gayatri mantra on one's head, forehead, eyes, arms, legs and entire body.

One should chant gopljanaya five times, vidmahe three times, gopljanaya five more times, dhimahi three times, tannah krsnah four times, and pracodayat four times. The process for performing the nyasa is touching gopljanaya to the head, vidmahi to the forehead, gopljanaya to the eyes, dhimahi to the arms, tannah krsnah to the legs, and pracodayat to the entire body.

One should then meditate on Sri Krsna as He enjoys His rasa dance pastimes within the sun, and chant the above-mentioned Gayatri mantra while raising his arms in front of him.

Lord in the water) anga nyasarh svamantrena krtvathavjam jalantare sancintya pithamantrena tarpayecca sakrt sakrt tasmimsca krsnamavahya sakallkrtya manasan pancopacaran dattvapsu dhenumudrdm pradarsayet

After performing the anga-nydsa while chanting the appropriate mantras, one should meditate on a lotus flower within the water and then offer oblations to the Lord while chanting the pitha mantra. Thereafter, one should invoke Sri Krsna within the lotus flower and after performing the sadanga-nydsa, one should mentaly offer five substances, such as sandalwood paste, into the water and display the dhenu-mudrd.

A noble person should think this water to be nectar and chant his worshipable mantra, visualizing it to be above the water. Thereafter, he should offer one hundred and eight oblations of this water on the head of Sri Krsna. He should follow this by chanting the mula-mantra twenty- five times, visualizing it to be above the water, and then perform dcamana according to the previously-described procedure.

padme tatraiva (In the Padma Purana it is stated) brahmdnam tarpayet purvarh visnum riidram prajdpatim devd yaksdstathd ndgd gandharva apsara sohasurdh krilrah sarpdh suparnasca taravo jihmagdh khagdh vidhyddhard jalddhdrds tathaiva dkdsagdminah

nirdhdrdsca ye jlvah papa karma ratdsca ye tesdma dpydyandyaitat dlyate salilarh mayd krtopavltl daive tu nivltl ca bhavet narah mdnusdms tarpayed bhaktyd rsi putrdn rsim stathd om sanakasca sanandasca trtlyasca sandtanah kapila ca dsiiriscaiva vodhuh panca sikhastathd sarve te trptimdydntu mad dattena ambund sadd First, one should offer oblations of water to Brahma, Visnu, Rudra and Prajapati. Then, one should offer oblations to the Yaksas, Gandharvas, Apsaras, asuras, cruel serpents, birds, trees, Vidhyadharas, reserviors of water, those who fly in the sky, those who servive on air, and those who are sinful. While offering oblations to the demigods, one should use his sacred thread and place a chadar on his left shoulder. After offering oblations, one should place the chadar around his neck. O n e should offer oblations to human beings, sages, and the sons of sages. Thereafter, one should offer oblations to Sanaka, Sananda, Sanatana, Kapila, Asuribodhu and Pancasikha by saying, "May all of you be satisfied with this water offered by me."

Thereafter, one should offer oblations of barley and water to Marlcl, Atri, Angira, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu, Praceta, Vasistha, Bhrgu, and Narada, as well as other sages among the demigods and sages among the brdhmanas.

One should keep his sacred thread on his left shoulder. Placing his left knee one the ground, one should offer oblations of water, sesame seeds, and sandalwood paste to the ancestors, such as Agnisvatta, Sauma, Varhisman, Usmapa, Kavyanala, Varhisad and Ajyapa.

7™ SRI HARI-BHAKTI-VILASA yeha vdndhava vdndhava vd yehanya janmani vdndhavdh te trptim akhilarh ydntu ye cdsmattoya kdnksinah One should then offer oblations to Yama, Dharmaraja, Mrtyu, Antaka, Vaivasvata, Kala, Sarvabhutaksaya, Aurdumvara, Dadhna, Nlla, Paramesthi, Vrkodara, Citra, and Citragupta. Next, one should hold kusa grass in his hands and offer oblations to the forefathers of his father's family and mother's family while observing the prescribed rules and regulations and chanting their names and lineage. One should then chant the following mantra: yeha vdndhava vdndhava va yehanya janmani vdndhavdh te trptim akhilarh ydntu ye cdsmattoya kdnksinah—may all those who are related to me in this life and were related to me in previous lives, as well as those who expect oblations from me, become pleased.

According to the evidence given in the Kurma Parana and Padma Purdna, some learned persons suggest that one should offer oblations to the demigods only once, before performing his sandhya-updsana.

the Padma Purdna states) evam sndtvd tatah pascdd dcamya suvidhdnatah utthdya vdsasi sukle suddhe tu paridhdya vai latastu tarpanam kurydt trailokyd pyayandya vai After using clay for bathing in this way, a person should carefully perform dcamana and come out of the water. He should dress himself in a

clean white dhoti and chadara and then offer oblations for the satisfaction of the three worlds.

Unless one first squeezes out the water or changes his wet clothes and then performs the sandhya rituals, his endeavors to perform rituals while bathing will not yield any tangible results.

The bath of a wicked person who squeezes the water out of his wet cloth after folding it three times, or squeezes the water from the cloth back into the water, certainly goes in vain.

Kdslkhande (In the Kasl-khanda it is stated) api sarvanadl toyair mrtkutascatha gorasaih apdtdrh dcaret saucam bhdvadusto na suddhibhdk naktarh dinarh nimajjdpsu kaivarttdh kinu pavandh sataso'pi tathd sndtd na suddhd bhdva dusitdh

A godless person cannot become purified even if he bathes in all the holy rivers and uses clay and cow dung during his entire life. Does a fisherman become purified by staying in the water the whole day? Similarly, an athiest cannot become purified even if he bathes hundreds of time.

between Narada and Ambarisa that is found in the Vaisakha-mahatmya of the Padma Purana it is stated) punyena gdngena jalena kale dese'pi yoh sndna parah kathancit djanmana bhdvahato'pi data na sudhyatityeva matam mamaitat prajvdlya bahni ghrta taila siktarh pradaksind vartta sikharh svakdle pravisya dagdah kila bhdva dusto na svargamdpnoti phalarh na cdnyat If a person who has been godless since his birth bathes during an auspicious occasion, in a holy reservoir of water at a holy place, or in the sacred water of the Ganges, and gives a huge amount of wealth in charity, he still cannot become purified. This is my opinion. Even if an atheistic person, at the time of death, lights a blazing fire with wood and ghee and enters it after circumambulating it, he still cannot acquire the qualification to go to heaven or achieve any other benefit.

bhdga section of the Bhavisya Purana it is stated) yasya hastau ca pddau ca vanmanasca susamyatam vidyatapasca klrttisca sa tlrthaphala mdpnuydt asraddhdnah pdpdtmd ndstiko'cchinnasamsayah hetunisthasca pancake

Only a person whose hands, legs, speech, and mind are fully under control and who is endowed with spiritual knowledge, austerity, and fame is able to achieve the result of bathing in a holy place. Five kinds of people—the faithless, sinners, atheists, the suspicious, and those who are argumentative cannot obtain any benefit by bathing in a holy place.