राम
गाथा 4476Autobiography

The Name alone, God runs to the singer

Original Marathi from the Tukaram Gatha · About Sant Tukaram

मराठी मूळ

पांडुरंगा करूं प्रथम नमन । दुसरें चरणा संतांचिया॥1॥

याच्या कृपादानें कथेचा विस्तार । बाबाजीसद्ग‍ुदास तुका ॥2॥

काय माझी वाणी मानेल संतांसी । रंजवूं चित्तासी आपुलिया ॥3॥

या मनासी लागो हरिनामाचा छंद । आवडी गोविंद गावयासी ॥4॥

सीण जाला मज संवसारसंभ्रमें । सीतळ या नामें जाली काया॥5॥

या सुखा उपमा नाहीं द्यावयासी । आलें आकारासी निविनकार ॥6॥

नित्य धांवे तेथें नामाचा गजर । घोष जयजयकार आइकतां ॥7॥

तांतडी ते काय हरिगुण गाय । आणीक उपाय दुःखमूळ ॥8॥

मूळ नरकाचें राज्यमदेंमाते । अंतरे बहुत देव दुरी ॥9॥

दुरी अंतरला नामनिंदकासी । जैसें गोंचिडासी क्षीर राहे ॥10॥

हे वाट गोमटी वैकुंठासी जातां । रामकृष्णकथा दिंडी ध्वजा ॥11॥

जाणतयांनीं सांगितलें करा । अंतरासी वारा आडूनियां ॥12॥

यांसी आहे ठावें परि अंध होती । विषयाची खंती वाटे जना ॥13॥

नाहीं त्या सुटलीं द्रव्य लोभ माया । भस्म दंड छाया तरुवराची ॥14॥

चित्त ज्याचें पुत्रपत्नीबंधूवरी । सुटल हा परि कैसें जाणा ॥15॥

जाणत नेणत करा हरिकथा । तराल सर्वथा भाक माझी ॥16॥

माझी मज असे घडली प्रचित । नसेल पतित ऐसा कोणी ॥17॥

कोणीं तरी कांहीं केलें आचरण । मज या कीर्तनेंविण नाहीं ॥18॥

नाहीं भय भक्ता तराया पोटाचें । देवासी तयाचें करणें लागे ॥19॥

लागे पाठोवाटी पाहे पायांकडे । पीतांबर खडे वाट सांडी ॥20॥

डिंकोनियां कां रे राहिले हे लोक । हें चि कवतुक वाटे मज ॥21॥

जयानें तारिले पाषाण सागरीं । तो ध्या रे अंतरीं स्वामी माझा॥22॥

माझिया जीवाची केली सोडवण । ऐसा नारायण कृपाळु हा ॥23॥

हा चि माझा नेम हा चि माझा धर्म । नित्य वाचे नाम विठोबाचें ॥24॥

चेतवला अिग्न तापत्रयज्वाळ । तो करी शितळ रामनाम ॥25॥

मना धीर करीं दृढ चित्तां धरीं । तारील श्रीहरि मायबाप ॥26॥

बाप हा कृपाळु भक्ता भाविकांसी । घरीं होय दासी कामारी त्या ॥27॥

त्याचा भार माथां चालवी आपुला। जिहीं त्या दिधला सर्व भाव ॥28॥

भावेंविण त्याची प्रािप्त । पुराणें बोलती ऐसी मात ॥29॥

मात त्याची जया आवडे जीवासी। तया गर्भवासीं नाहीं येणें ॥30॥

यावें गर्भवासीं तरी च विष्णुदासीं। उद्धार लोकांसी पूज्य होती ॥31॥

होती आवडत जीवाचे ताइत। त्यां घडी अच्युत न विसंभे ॥32॥

भेदाभेद नाहीं चिंता दुःख कांहीं । वैकुंठ त्या ठायीं सदा वसे ॥33॥

वसे तेथें देव सदा सर्वकाळ । करिती निर्मळ नामघोष ॥34॥

संपदा तयांची न सरे कल्पांतीं । मेळविला भक्ती देवलाभ ॥35॥

लाभ तयां जाला संसारा येऊनी । भगवंत ॠणी भक्ती केला ॥36॥

लागलेंसे पिसें काय मूढजनां । काय नारायणा विसरलीं ॥37॥

विसरलीं तयां थोर जाली हाणी । पचविल्या खाणी चौ†यासी ॥38॥

शिकविलें तरी नाहीं कोणा लाज । लागलीसे भाज धन गोड ॥39॥

गोड एक आहे अविट गोविंद । आणीक तो छंद नासिवंत ॥40॥

तळमळ त्याची कांहीं तरी करा । कां रे निदसुरा बुडावया ॥41॥

या जनासी भय यमाचें नाहीं । सांडियेलीं तिहीं एकराज्यें ॥42॥

जेणें अिग्नमाजी घातलासे पाव । नेणता तो राव जनक होता॥43॥

तान भूक जिहीं साहिले आघात । तया पाय हात काय नाहीं॥44॥

नाहीं ऐसा तिहीं केला संवसार । दुःखाचे डोंगर तोडावया ॥45॥

याच जन्में घडे देवाचें भजन । आणीक हें ज्ञान नाहीं कोठें ॥46॥

कोठें पुढें नाहीं घ्यावया विसांवा । फिरोनि या गांवा आल्याविण॥47॥

विनवितां दिवस बहुत लागती । ह्मणउनि चित्तीं देव धरा ॥48॥

धरा पाय तुह्मी संतांचे जीवासी । वियोग तयांसी देवा नाहीं ॥49॥

नाहीं चाड देवा आणीक सुखाची । आवडी नामाची त्याच्या तया॥50॥

त्याची च उिच्छष्ट बोलतों उत्तरें । सांगितलें खरें व्यासादिकीं ॥51॥

व्यासें सांगितलें भक्ति हे विचार । भवसिंधु पार तरावया ॥52॥

तरावया जना केलें भागवत । गोवळ गोपी भक्त माता पिता ॥53॥

तारुनियां खरे नेली एक्यासरें । निमित्तें उत्तरें रुसिया ॥54॥

यासी वर्म ठावें भक्तां तरावया । जननी बाळ माया राख तान्हें ॥55॥

तान्हेलें भुकेलें ह्मणे वेळोवेळां । न मगतां लळा जाणोनियां ॥56॥

जाणोनियां वर्म देठ लावियेला । द्रौपदीच्या बोलासवें धांवे ॥57॥

धांवे सर्वता धेनु जैसी वत्सा । भक्तालागीं तैसा नारायण ॥58॥

नारायण व्होवा हांव ज्याच्या जीवा । धन्य त्याच्या दैवा पार नाहीं ॥59॥

पार नाहीं सुखा तें दिलें तयासी । अखंड वाचेसी रामनाम ॥60॥

रामनाम दोनी उत्तम अक्षरें । भवानीशंकरें उपदेशिलीं ॥61॥

उपदेश करी विश्वनाथ कानीं । वाराणसी प्राणी मध्यें मरे ॥62॥

मरणाचे अंतीं राम ह्मणे जरी । न लगे यमपुरी जावें तया ॥63॥

तयासी उत्तम ठाव वैकुंठीं । वसे नाम चित्तीं सर्वकाळ ॥64॥

सर्वकाळ वसे वैष्णवांच्या घरीं । नसे क्षणभरी थिर कोठें ॥65॥

कोठें नका पाहों करा हरिकथा । तेथें अवचिता सांपडेल ॥66॥

सांपडे हा देव भाविकांचे हातीं । शाहाणे मरती तरी नाहीं ॥67॥

नाहीं भलें भक्ती केलियावांचूनि। अहंता पापिणी नागवण ॥68॥

नागवलों ह्मणे देव मी आपणा । लाभ दिला जना ठकलों तो ॥69॥

तो चि देव येर नव्हे ऐसें कांहीं। जनादनन ठायीं चहूं खाणी ॥70॥

खाणी भरूनियां राहिलासे आंत । बोलावया मात ठाव नाहीं ॥71॥

ठाव नाहीं रिता कोणी देवाविण । ऐसी ते सज्जन संतवाणी ॥72॥

वाणी बोलूनियां गेलीं एक पुढें । तयासी वांकुडें जातां ठक ॥73॥

ठका नाहीं अर्थ ठाउका वेदांचा । होऊनि भेदाचा दास ठेला ॥74॥

दास ठेला पोट अर्थ दंभासाटीं । ह्मणउनि तुटी देवासवें ॥75॥

सवें देव द्विजातीही दुराविला । आणिकांचा आला कोण पाड ॥76॥

पाड करूनियां नागविलीं फार । पंडित वेव्हार खळवादी ॥77॥

वादका निंदका देवाचें दरुशन । नव्हे जाला पूर्ण षडकमाअ ॥78॥

षडकमाअ हीन रामनाम कंठीं । तयासवें भेटी सवें देवा ॥79॥

देवासी आवड भाविक जो भोळा । शुद्ध त्या चांडाळा करुनि मानी ॥80॥

मानियेल्या नाहीं विश्वास या बोला । नाम घेतां मला युक्ति थोडी॥81॥

बोलतां पांगल्या श्रुति नेति नेति । खुंटलिया युक्ति पुढें त्यांच्या॥83॥

पुढें पार त्याचा न कळे चि जातां । पाउलें देखतां ब्रह्मादिकां॥84॥

काय भक्तीपिसें लागलें देवासी । इच्छा ज्याची जैसी तैसा होय॥85॥

होय हा सगुण निर्गुण आवडी । भक्तििप्रय गोडी फेडावया ॥86॥

या बापासी बाळ बोले लाडें कोडें । करुनि वांकुडें मुख तैसें॥87॥

तैसें याचकाचें समाधान दाता । होय हा राखता सत्त्वकाळीं ॥88॥

सत्त्वकाळीं कामा न येती आयुधें । बळ हा संबंध सैन्यलोक॥89॥

सैन्यलोक तया दाखवी प्रताप । लोटला हा कोप कोपावरी ॥90॥

कोपा मरण नाहीं शांत होय त्यासी । प्रमाण भल्यासी सत्त्वगुणीं॥91॥

सत्त्वरजतमा आपण नासती । करितां हे भक्ति विठोबाची ॥92॥

चित्त रंगलिया चैतन्य चि होय । तेथें उणें काय निजसुखा ॥93॥

सुखाचा सागरु आहे विटेवरी । कृपादान करी तो चि एक ॥94॥

एक चित्त धरूं विठोबाचे पायीं । तेथें उणें कांहीं एक आह्मां ॥95॥

करूं हरिकथा सुखाची समाधि । आणिकाची बुद्धी दुष्ट नास ॥97॥

नासे संवसार लोकमोहो माया । शरण जा रे तया विठोबासी॥98॥

सिकविलें मज मूढा संतजनीं । दृढ या वचनीं राहिलोंसे ॥99॥

राहिलोंसे दृढ विठोबाचे पायीं । तुका ह्मणे कांहीं न लगे आंता॥100॥

Tukaram Gatha (Marathi Wikisource)

English Translation

First I bow to Panduranga, then to the feet of the saints. By their gift of grace, this narrative expands. Tuka is the servant of the Sadguru Babaji. Will my words find favor with the saints? Let me at least please my own chitta. May this mind be seized by the passion of Hari's Name, the love of singing of Govinda. I am weary from the toil of worldly life; this body has been cooled by the Name. No comparison exists for this happiness. The formless has taken form. Wherever the chanting of the Name resounds, wherever the cry of 'Victory!' is heard, God runs to that place. What urgency can there be other than singing the glories of Hari? All other efforts are the root of sorrow. The pride of power and kingdom is the root of hell; it makes God distant. One who slanders the Name is as far from God as a tick is from milk. This is the beautiful road to Vaikuntha: the procession of Rama Krishna's story, with banners and flags. The wise have taught us: bar the door against the wandering mind. People know this, yet they become blind. The sorrow of sense-pleasures grips them. They have not freed themselves from wealth, greed, and illusion; they carry the staff and ashes, resting in the shade of a tree. One whose mind is fixed on wife, children, and relatives, know that such a one is not liberated. Whether knowing or unknowing, sing the story of Hari; you will surely be saved. This is my solemn word. I have experienced it myself. There has been no greater wrongdoer than I. Others at least performed some spiritual practice; I had nothing but kirtan. The devotee need not worry about filling his belly; God Himself takes care of it. God follows behind His devotee, watching his steps, dropping His yellow garment and stumbling in His haste. Why do these people remain frozen, stuck in place? This wonder amazes me. He who made stones float across the ocean, contemplate Him within your chitta, my Lord. He liberated my very soul. Such is Narayana, the compassionate One. This is my vow, this is my dharma: the Name of Vitthoba always on my lips. The fire of the three afflictions has been kindled, but the Name of Rama makes it cool. Take courage, O mind; hold firm. Shri Hari, our parent, will save us. This Father is gracious to His faithful devotees; He becomes a servant in their homes. He carries their burden on His own head, for those who have given Him their whole being. Without devotion, He cannot be attained; so the Puranas declare. Whoever loves to hear His story will never enter the womb again. If one must enter the womb, let it be as a servant of Vishnu, to uplift the world and be honored. Such souls become the darlings of God's own chitta, His cherished talismans; the Lord never parts from them for a moment. There is no duality, no sorrow or anxiety; Vaikuntha dwells wherever they are. God resides there at all times, where they chant His Name in purity. Their wealth never diminishes, even at the end of time; through devotion they have won God Himself. Blessed are they who, having come into this world, have made God their debtor through devotion. What madness has seized these foolish folk? Have they forgotten Narayana? Those who have forgotten Him have suffered a great blow, ground through the eighty-four lakh species. Though taught, none of them feels any shame; the allure of wealth tastes too sweet. There is one sweetness that never palls: Govinda. All other passions are perishable. Feel some urgency for Him. Why do you sleep, headed for drowning? These people have no fear of Yama; they have thrown away their single greatest treasure. King Janaka, not knowing, once thrust his foot into fire. Those who endured hunger, thirst, and hardship, did they lack hands and feet? Yet they did not make their worldly life a comfortable settlement; they strove to cut through mountains of sorrow. Devotion to God is possible only in this human birth; there is no other wisdom anywhere. There is no resting place ahead without returning to this village once more. To speak of all this would take many days; therefore hold God within your chitta. Grasp the feet of the saints with all your life; they never suffer separation from God. God has no desire for any other pleasure. The love of the Name is all He craves. I speak only the leftovers of those saints; the truth was told by Vyasa and others. Vyasa taught the path of devotion to cross the ocean of worldly existence. For the deliverance of people, the Bhagavata was composed: the cowherds, the gopis, devotees, mothers, and fathers. Saving them all, He carried them across in one stroke, using the pretext of feigned anger. The saints know the secret of saving their devotees: as a mother protects her infant, sheltering the hungry child. The hungry, thirsty child cries out again and again, and the mother, knowing its needs without being asked, responds. Knowing the secret, God ran at the mere words of Draupadi. He runs as a cow runs to her calf; so does Narayana run to His devotees. Blessed beyond measure is the fortune of one whose soul yearns for Narayana. The joy given to such a one has no end: the Name of Rama always on the lips. The two syllables of Rama's Name are the supreme and excellent; Shiva and Parvati themselves taught them. Vishwanath whispers the teaching into the ear of every being who dies at Varanasi. If at the moment of death one says 'Rama,' one need not go to the city of Yama. Such a jiva receives the finest place in Vaikuntha, where the Name dwells in the chitta at all times. God dwells forever in the homes of the Vaishnavas; He does not stay still for a moment elsewhere. Do not search anywhere else; do the story of Hari, and He will appear suddenly. God is caught in the hands of the simple and faithful; the clever may die trying and still not find Him. Nothing good comes without devotion. Ego, the sinful one, is the great deceiver. God says, 'I have been tricked by My own devotees. The profit went to the people, and I was the one outwitted.' That one alone is God; there is no other. Janardana is present in all four mines of creation. He fills all creation and remains within; there is no space left to describe Him. There is no place empty of God. Such is the testimony of saints and scripture. The great ones spoke and went ahead. To go against their words is to be deceived. The deceiver does not understand the meaning of the Vedas; enslaved by the sense of difference, he remains trapped. Enslaved to his belly, to wealth, and to pride, he is therefore cut off from God. Even the twice-born caste has been estranged from God. What chance then for others? Scholars and debaters who argue and slander will never see God, even if they complete all the six prescribed duties. But one who is without those duties yet carries Rama's Name on his lips, God will embrace and walk alongside. God loves the simple and faithful; He purifies even the excluded and honors them. If you do not believe these words, if you think chanting the Name is too simple a method, consider that the scriptures themselves fell silent, saying 'not this, not this,' their logic exhausted. They could not reach the end of His mystery. Even Brahma and the gods could only glimpse His feet. What madness of devotion has seized this God? He becomes whatever His devotee desires. He becomes both with form and formless, to satisfy the longing of His beloved. Like a child who speaks lisping, loving words and makes a sulky face to his father, so does God respond. Like a patron who fulfills the supplicant's needs, He remains the protector at all times. Weapons, armies, and allies are useless for eternal protection. He shows His might to those who show theirs, sending wave after wave of wrath against wrath. Anger has no death; it subsides only through peace. For the good, the measure is goodness. The three gunas, sattva, rajas, and tamas, are themselves destroyed when one practices devotion to Vitthoba. When the mind is steeped in devotion, it becomes pure consciousness itself. What then is lacking for the experience of the inner bliss? The ocean of bliss stands upon the brick. He alone bestows the gift of grace. Let us fix our minds upon Vitthoba's feet alone; nothing more is needed for us. Let us do Hari's kirtan, the samadhi of happiness. All other counsel is wicked and destructive. Worldly existence, delusion, and maya are destroyed. Go, take refuge in Vitthoba. The saints taught me, a fool, and I have remained firm in their words. I remain firm at Vitthoba's feet. Says Tuka, nothing more is needed now.

We ask forgiveness for any inaccuracies in rendering Tukaram ji’s original Marathi.

In Plain Words

First I bow to Panduranga, then to the feet of the saints. By their grace this telling grows. Tuka is the servant of the Sadguru Babaji. Will my words please the saints? Let me at least gladden my own heart. May this mind be seized by love of Hari's Name, the joy of singing Govinda. I was worn out by the toil of the world; this body has been cooled by the Name. There is no comparison for this joy. The formless has taken form. Wherever the Name resounds, wherever the cry of victory is heard, God runs to that place. What hurry is there but to sing Hari's praise? Every other effort is the root of sorrow. The pride of power and kingdom is the root of hell; it pushes God far off. One who slanders the Name is as far from God as a tick is from milk. This is the lovely road to Vaikuntha: the procession of the Rama Krishna story, with banners and flags. The wise have taught us to bar the door against the wandering mind. People know this, yet they go blind; the sorrow of the senses grips them. They have not freed themselves from wealth, greed, and illusion; they carry the staff and ashes and rest in the shade of a tree. One whose mind is fixed on wife, children, and kin, know that one is not free. Whether you know or do not know, sing the story of Hari; you will surely be saved. This is my solemn word. I have learned it on myself. There has been no greater wrongdoer than I. Others did at least some practice; I had nothing but kirtan. The devotee need not worry about his belly; God himself sees to it. God follows behind his devotee, watching his steps, dropping his yellow garment and stumbling in his haste. Why do these people stay frozen in place? This wonder amazes me. He who made stones float across the sea, hold him within your heart, my Lord. He set my very soul free. Such is Narayana, the compassionate one. This is my vow, this is my dharma: the Name of Vithoba always on my lips. The fire of the three afflictions has been lit, and the Name of Rama makes it cool. Take courage, my mind; hold firm. Shri Hari, our mother and father, will save us. This Father is kind to his faithful; he becomes a servant in their homes. He carries their burden on his own head, for those who have given him their whole being. Without devotion he is not won; so the Puranas say. Whoever loves to hear his story will not enter the womb again. If he must enter the womb, let it be as a servant of Vishnu, to lift up the world and be honored. Such souls are the darlings of God's heart, his cherished talismans; the Lord never leaves them for a moment. There is no division there, no sorrow, no fear; Vaikuntha lives wherever they are. God stays there always, where they chant his Name in purity. Their wealth does not run out, even at the end of time; through devotion they have won God himself. Blessed are they who, coming into this world, have made God their debtor through devotion. What madness has seized these foolish folk? Have they forgotten Narayana? Those who forgot him suffered a great loss, ground through the eighty-four lakh wombs. Though taught, none feels any shame; the taste of wealth is too sweet. There is one sweetness that never palls: Govinda. Every other passion perishes. Feel some longing for him. Why do you sleep while you head toward drowning? These people have no fear of Yama; they have thrown away their one great treasure. King Janaka, not knowing, once thrust his foot into fire. Those who bore hunger, thirst, and blows, did they lack hands and feet? They did not turn the world into a soft settlement; they strove to cut through mountains of sorrow. Devotion to God is possible only in this human birth; there is no other wisdom anywhere. There is no resting place ahead without coming back to this village again. To say all of it would take many days; so hold God in your heart. Grasp the feet of the saints with all your life; they are never parted from God. God wants no other pleasure; he craves only the love of his Name. I speak only the leavings of those saints; the truth was told by Vyasa and the rest. Vyasa taught the path of devotion, to cross the ocean of the world. For the saving of people the Bhagavata was made: the cowherds, the gopis, the devotees, the mothers and fathers. He carried them all across in one stroke, using feigned anger as the pretext. The saints know the secret of saving devotees: as a mother shelters her hungry infant. The hungry child cries out again and again, and the mother, knowing its need without being asked, comes. Knowing the secret, God ran at the mere words of Draupadi. He runs as a cow runs to her calf; so does Narayana run to his devotees. Blessed beyond measure is the fortune of one whose soul yearns for Narayana. The joy given to such a one has no end: the Name of Rama always on the lips. The two syllables of Rama's Name are the best; Shiva and Parvati themselves taught them. Vishwanath whispers the teaching into the ear of every being who dies at Varanasi. If at the end one says Rama, that one need not go to the city of Yama. That soul gets the finest place in Vaikuntha, where the Name lives in the heart always. God lives forever in the homes of the Vaishnavas; he does not rest a moment anywhere else. Do not search elsewhere; do the story of Hari, and he will appear all at once. God is caught in the hands of the simple and faithful; the clever may die trying and still not find him. Nothing good comes without devotion. Ego, the sinful one, is the great robber. God says, I have been tricked by my own devotees; the profit went to them, and I was the one outwitted. That one alone is God; there is no other. Janardana is present in all four kinds of birth. He fills all creation and stays within; there is no room left to describe him. There is no place empty of God. So speak the saints and the scriptures. The great ones spoke and went on ahead. To go against their words is to be deceived. The deceiver does not grasp the meaning of the Vedas; enslaved to difference, he stays trapped. A slave to his belly, to wealth, and to pride, he is cut off from God. Even the twice-born has been estranged from God; what chance then for others? Scholars and debaters who argue and slander will never see God, even if they finish all six prescribed duties. But one who lacks those duties, yet carries Rama's Name on his lips, God will embrace and walk beside. God loves the simple and faithful; he purifies even the outcaste and honors him. If you do not believe these words, if you think the Name too easy a way, remember that the scriptures themselves fell silent, saying not this, not this, their logic spent. They could not reach the end of his mystery. Even Brahma and the gods could only glimpse his feet. What madness of love has seized this God? He becomes whatever his devotee wants. He becomes both with form and formless, to satisfy his beloved's longing. Like a child who lisps loving words and pulls a sulky face at his father, so God answers. Like a giver who meets the beggar's need, he is the protector at all times. Weapons, armies, and allies are useless for lasting safety. He shows his might to those who show theirs, sending wave on wave of wrath against wrath. Anger does not die; it stills only through peace. For the good, the measure is goodness. The three gunas, sattva, rajas, and tamas, are themselves destroyed when one does devotion to Vithoba. When the mind is steeped in devotion, it becomes pure consciousness itself. What then is lacking for the bliss within? The ocean of bliss stands on the brick. He alone gives the gift of grace. Let us fix our minds on Vithoba's feet alone; nothing more is needed for us. Let us do Hari's kirtan, the samadhi of joy; all other counsel is wicked and ruins. The world, the snare of people, and maya are destroyed. Go, take refuge in Vithoba. The saints taught me, a fool, and I have held firm to their word. Tuka says: I stand firm at Vithoba's feet; nothing more is needed now.

What it means

This is a long teaching-poem that lays out Tukaram's whole creed in one breath: the Name is everything, and everything else is the root of sorrow. He opens by bowing to Panduranga and the saints and confessing he is the lowest wrongdoer, with nothing to his credit but kirtan, so that the path he names can carry anyone. The single claim, repeated from every angle, is that singing Hari's Name saves you whether you understand it or not, while rituals, austerities, scholarship, wealth, and pride only keep the cycle of birth turning and push God away. He stacks proof on proof, that God runs to where the Name is sung as a cow runs to her calf, that he came at Draupadi's word, that he is caught by simple milkmaids and eludes the clever, that even Yama and the Vedas confirm the Name's power, and warns that the slanderer of the Name is as far from God as a tick from milk. The point of self-examination is sharp: knowing all this, people still go blind for the sweetness of wealth and the love of wife, children, and kin, so the verse keeps asking why you sleep while heading toward drowning. The close is the whole abhanga in miniature: fix on Vithoba's feet, do his kirtan, and nothing more is needed.

आत्मकथा

Autobiography

Tukaram's own account of his life, struggles, awakening, and mission.

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