राम
गाथा 451Social Criticism

Social criticism, the hollow pretender

Original Marathi from the Tukaram Gatha · About Sant Tukaram

मराठी मूळ

आहा रे भाई । तयावरी माझी ब्रीदावळी । भ्रष्ट ये कळी क्रियाहीन ॥१॥

थुंका थुंका रे त्याच्या तोंडावरी । वाणिली ते थोरी दवडा वांयां बाहेरी ॥ध्रु.॥

बाइलेचा दास पित्रांस उदास । भीक भिकार्याीस नये दारा ॥२॥

विद्याबळें वाद सांगोनियां छळी । आणिकांसि फळी मांडोनियां ॥३॥

गांविंचिया देवा नाहीं दंडवत । ब्राम्हण अतीत घडे चि ना ॥४॥

सदा सर्वकाळ करितो चि निंदा । स्वप्नीं ही गोविंदा आठवीना ॥५॥

खासेमध्यें धन पोटासि बंधन । नेणें ऐसा दानधर्म कांहीं ॥६॥

तुका म्हणे नटे दावुनियां सोंग । लवों नेदी अंग भक्तिभावें ॥७॥

Tukaram Gatha (Marathi Wikisource)

English Translation

Now hear my proclamation against the corrupt ones without practice of this dark age. Spit upon the face of such a person; cast out and discard the greatness he has claimed. He is a slave to his wife yet neglects his own parents; no beggar finds charity at his door. He wields the weapon of learning only to argue and torment others. He never bows to the village deity; he never serves a priest or a guest. Day and night he indulges in slander and never remembers Govinda even in a dream. He hoards his money and starves his own belly, knowing nothing of charity or righteousness. Says Tuka, he puts on a costume and displays a pose, yet never lets his body bend in genuine devotion.

We ask forgiveness for any inaccuracies in rendering Tukaram ji’s original Marathi.

In Plain Words

Ah, brother. My proclamation falls on this man: corrupt in this dark age, empty of all good practice. Spit, spit upon his face. The greatness he has claimed, cast it out, throw it away as worthless. He is a slave to his wife and cold toward his parents. No beggar finds anything at his door. With the strength of his learning he only argues and torments others, setting traps for them. He never bows to the village god. He never serves a priest or a guest, not once. All day, every day, he does nothing but slander. Even in a dream he does not remember Govinda. He hoards his money in a chest and starves his own belly. He knows nothing of giving or of right conduct. Tuka says: he puts on a costume and strikes a pose, but he never lets his body bend in real devotion.

What it means

Tukaram aims his proclamation at a recognizable type: the man who keeps the outward forms of religion while emptied of every inward good. The harsh cry, spit on his face, throw out his claimed greatness, is pointed at the pattern, not at any one soul: the pattern of using learning to win arguments, hoarding wealth while doing no charity, slandering constantly, and never truly bowing. The list works as a mirror; each fault, neglecting parents, ignoring guest and priest, forgetting God even in sleep, is a place to examine oneself. The closing line names the core of the indictment: he wears the costume of devotion and strikes the pose, but the body never actually bends, and that pretense is what Tukaram refuses to honor.

समाज टीका

Social Criticism

Rebuke of hypocrisy, caste pride, false teachers, greed, and religious pretence.

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