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Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi · Chapter 3

The Beloveds of Hari

Unit 3 of 153.13.6161 source entries

हरेः साधारण-गुणैर् उपेतास् तस्य वल्लभाः । पृथु-प्रेम्णाꣳ सुमाधुर्य-सम्पदाꣳ चाग्रिमाश्रयाः ॥१॥

hareḥ sādhāraṇa-guṇair upetās tasya vallabhāḥ | pṛthu-premṇāṁ sumādhurya-sampadāṁ cāgrimāśrayāḥ ||1||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Hari's beloveds possess qualities corresponding to his own common qualities. They are the foremost abodes of immense love and of the richest sweetness.

यथा- प्रणमामि ताः परम-माधुरी-भृतः कृत-पुण्य-पुञ्ज-रमणी-शिरोमणीः । उपसन्न-यौवन-गुरोर् अधीत्य याः स्मर-केलि-कौशलम् उदाहरन् हरौ ॥२॥

yathā- praṇamāmi tāḥ parama-mādhurī-bhṛtaḥ kṛta-puṇya-puñja-ramaṇī-śiromaṇīḥ | upasanna-yauvana-guror adhītya yāḥ smara-keli-kauśalam udāharan harau ||2||

English translation

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For example: I bow to those women who bear supreme sweetness and are the crest-jewels among all beautiful women whose accumulated merit has borne fruit. Having studied under the great teacher of approaching youth, they demonstrate upon Hari their skill in the sports of love.

स्वकीयाः परकीयाश् च द्विधा ताः परिकीर्तिताः ॥३॥

svakīyāḥ parakīyāś ca dvidhā tāḥ parikīrtitāḥ ||3||

English translation

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They are celebrated in two divisions: those who are his own wives and those who belong to another.

तत्र स्वकीयाः- कर-ग्रह-विधिꣳ प्राप्ताः पत्युर् आदेश-तत्-पराः । पातिव्रत्याद् अविचलाः स्वकीयाः कथिता इह ॥४॥

tatra svakīyāḥ- kara-graha-vidhiṁ prāptāḥ patyur ādeśa-tat-parāḥ | pātivratyād avicalāḥ svakīyāḥ kathitā iha ||4||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Among these, his own wives: Those who have undergone the rite of marriage, are intent upon their husband's commands, and remain unwavering in marital fidelity are called his own wives.

यथा- सुनिर्माणे धर्माध्वनि पति-पराभिः परिचिते मुदा बद्ध-श्रद्धा गिरि च गुरु-वर्गस्य परितः । गृहे याः सेवन्ते प्रियम् अपरतन्त्राः प्रतिदिनꣳ महिष्यस् ताः शौरेस् तव मुदम् उदग्राꣳ विदधतु ॥५॥

yathā- sunirmāṇe dharmādhvani pati-parābhiḥ paricite mudā baddha-śraddhā giri ca guru-vargasya paritaḥ | gṛhe yāḥ sevante priyam aparatantrāḥ pratidinaṁ mahiṣyas tāḥ śaures tava mudam udagrāṁ vidadhatu ||5||

English translation

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For example: May those queens of Śauri grant you exalted joy. Firmly and gladly faithful to the well-ordered path of dharma followed by devoted wives, reverent in every way toward the words of their elders, they single-mindedly serve their beloved at home each day.

यथा वा श्री-दशमे (१०.६०.५५)- न त्वादृशीꣳ प्रणयिनीꣳ गृहिणीꣳ गृहेषु पश्यामि मानिनि यया स्व-विवाह-काले । प्राप्तान् नृपान् न विगणय्य रहो-हरो मे प्रस्थापितो द्विज उपश्रुत-सत्-कथस्य ॥६॥

yathā vā śrī-daśame (10.60.55)- na tvādṛśīṁ praṇayinīṁ gṛhiṇīṁ gṛheṣu paśyāmi mānini yayā sva-vivāha-kāle | prāptān nṛpān na vigaṇayya raho-haro me prasthāpito dvija upaśruta-sat-kathasya ||6||

English translation

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Or, as in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.60.55: Proud lady, in all these homes I see no loving wife like you. At the time of your own marriage, you disregarded the kings who had arrived and secretly sent a brāhmaṇa to me, for you had heard truthful accounts of me.

तास् तु श्री-यदु-वीरस्य सहस्राण्यस्य षोडश । अष्टोत्तर-शताग्राणि द्वारवत्याꣳ सुविश्रुताः ॥७॥

tās tu śrī-yadu-vīrasya sahasrāṇyasya ṣoḍaśa | aṣṭottara-śatāgrāṇi dvāravatyāṁ suviśrutāḥ ||7||

English translation

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The wives of the heroic lord of the Yadus are famously numbered in Dvārakā as sixteen thousand and one hundred eight.

आसाꣳ सख्यश् च दास्यश् च प्रत्येकꣳ स्युः सहस्रशः । तुल्य-रूप-गुणाः सख्यः किञ्चिन् न्यूनास् तु दासिकाः ॥८॥

āsāṁ sakhyaś ca dāsyaś ca pratyekaṁ syuḥ sahasraśaḥ | tulya-rūpa-guṇāḥ sakhyaḥ kiñcin nyūnās tu dāsikāḥ ||8||

English translation

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Each of these queens has thousands of companions and thousands of maidservants. The companions equal her in beauty and qualities, while the maidservants are slightly lesser.

तत्रापि रुक्मिणी सत्या जाम्बवत्य् अर्क-नन्दिनी । शैव्या भद्रा च कौशल्या माद्रीत्य् अष्टौ गणाग्रिमाः ॥९॥

tatrāpi rukmiṇī satyā jāmbavaty arka-nandinī | śaivyā bhadrā ca kauśalyā mādrīty aṣṭau gaṇāgrimāḥ ||9||

English translation

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Among them, eight lead their respective groups: Rukmiṇī, Satyabhāmā, Jāmbavatī, Kālindī the daughter of the sun, Śaivyā, Bhadrā, Kauśalyā, and Mādrī.

3.10

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तत्रापि रुक्मिणी-सत्ये वरीयस्यौ प्रकीर्तिते । ऐश्वर्याद् रुक्मिणी तत्र सत्या सौभाग्यतो वरा ॥१०॥

tatrāpi rukmiṇī-satye varīyasyau prakīrtite | aiśvaryād rukmiṇī tatra satyā saubhāgyato varā ||10||

English translation

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Among these eight, Rukmiṇī and Satyabhāmā are proclaimed the foremost. Rukmiṇī excels in sovereignty, while Satyabhāmā excels in good fortune and favor.

3.11

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तथा हि हरि-वꣳशे- कुटुम्बस्येश्वरी यासीद् रुक्मिणी भीष्मकात्मजा । सत्यभामोत्तमा स्त्रीणाꣳ सौभाग्ये चाधिकाभवत् ॥११॥

tathā hi hari-vaṁśe- kuṭumbasyeśvarī yāsīd rukmiṇī bhīṣmakātmajā | satyabhāmottamā strīṇāṁ saubhāgye cādhikābhavat ||11||

English translation

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Thus it is said in Harivaṁśa: Rukmiṇī, the daughter of Bhīṣmaka, was mistress of the household; but among women Satyabhāmā was preeminent and surpassed the others in good fortune.

3.12

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पाद्मे (६.८८.२८) च कार्त्तिक-माहात्म्ये ताꣳ प्रति श्री-कृष्ण-वाक्यꣳ न मे त्वत्तः प्रियतमा काचिद् अन्या नितम्बिनी । षोडश-स्त्री-सहस्राणाꣳ प्रिये प्राण-समा ह्य् असि ॥१२॥

pādme (6.88.28) ca kārttika-māhātmye tāṁ prati śrī-kṛṣṇa-vākyaṁ na me tvattaḥ priyatamā kācid anyā nitambinī | ṣoḍaśa-strī-sahasrāṇāṁ priye prāṇa-samā hy asi ||12||

English translation

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And in the Kārttika-māhātmya of Padma Purāṇa 6.88.28, Śrī Kṛṣṇa says to her: Beloved, among all shapely women none is dearer to me than you. Of my sixteen thousand wives, you are equal to my very life.

3.13

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अनयोः सकलोत्कृष्टाः सख्यो दास्यश् च लक्षशः । स्वीया-जातीय-भावेन निखिला एव भाविताः ॥१३॥

anayoḥ sakalotkṛṣṭāḥ sakhyo dāsyaś ca lakṣaśaḥ | svīyā-jātīya-bhāvena nikhilā eva bhāvitāḥ ||13||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

These two have hundreds of thousands of companions and maidservants who excel in every respect, and all are imbued with the disposition of the group to which they belong.

3.14

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याश् च गोकुल-कन्यासु पति-भाव-रता हरौ । तासाꣳ तद्-वृत्ति-निष्ठित्वान् न स्वीयात्वम् असाम्प्रतम् ॥१४॥

yāś ca gokula-kanyāsu pati-bhāva-ratā harau | tāsāṁ tad-vṛtti-niṣṭhitvān na svīyātvam asāmpratam ||14||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Some of the maidens of Gokula cherish the relation of husband toward Hari. Yet because they are fixed only in the inner disposition of that relationship, it is not appropriate to classify them conventionally as his own wives.

3.15

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यथा- आर्या चेद् अतिवत्सला मयि मुहुर् गोष्ठेश्वरी किꣳ ततः प्राणेभ्यः प्रणयास्पदꣳ प्रिय-सखी-वृन्दꣳ किम् एतेन मे । वैकुण्ठाटवि-मण्डली-विजयी चेद् वृन्दावनꣳ तेन किꣳ दीव्यत्य् अत्र न चेद् उमा-व्रत-फलꣳ पिञ्चावतꣳसी पतिः ॥१५॥

yathā- āryā ced ativatsalā mayi muhur goṣṭheśvarī kiṁ tataḥ prāṇebhyaḥ praṇayāspadaṁ priya-sakhī-vṛndaṁ kim etena me | vaikuṇṭhāṭavi-maṇḍalī-vijayī ced vṛndāvanaṁ tena kiṁ dīvyaty atra na ced umā-vrata-phalaṁ piñcāvataṁsī patiḥ ||15||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

For example: Even if the queen of Vraja is exceedingly affectionate toward me, what of that? Even if my circle of dear friends is an abode of love dearer than life, what use is that to me? Even if Vṛndāvana triumphs over the entire forest realm of Vaikuṇṭha, what of it, if the peacock-crowned husband who is the fruit of my vow to Umā does not sport here?

3.16

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गान्धर्व-रीत्या स्वीकारात् स्वीयात्वम् इह वस्तुतः । अव्यक्तत्वाद् विवाहस्य सुष्ठु प्रच्छन्न-कामता ॥१६॥

gāndharva-rītyā svīkārāt svīyātvam iha vastutaḥ | avyaktatvād vivāhasya suṣṭhu pracchanna-kāmatā ||16||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Because they have accepted one another by the rite of gandharva marriage, they are in truth husband and wife. Yet because that marriage remains unmanifest, their desire is very thoroughly concealed.

3.17

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अथ परकीया- रागेणैवार्पितात्मानो लोक-युग्मानपेक्षिणा । धर्मेणास्वीकृता यास् तु परकीया भवन्ति ताः ॥१७॥

atha parakīyā- rāgeṇaivārpitātmāno loka-yugmānapekṣiṇā | dharmeṇāsvīkṛtā yās tu parakīyā bhavanti tāḥ ||17||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Now those who belong to another: Women who offer their very selves solely through passionate love, without regard for either this world or the next, but who have not been accepted through a prescribed marriage rite, are called those who belong to another.

3.18

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यथा- रागोल्लास-विलङ्घितार्य-पदवी-विश्रान्तयो’प्य् उद्धुर- श्रद्धा-रज्यद्-अरुन्धती-मुख-सती-वृन्देन वन्द्येहिताः । आरण्या अपि माधुरी-परिमल-व्याक्षिप्त-लक्ष्मी-श्रियस् तास् त्रैलोक्य-विलक्षणा ददतु वः कृष्णस्य सख्यः सुखम् ॥१८॥

yathā- rāgollāsa-vilaṅghitārya-padavī-viśrāntayo’py uddhura- śraddhā-rajyad-arundhatī-mukha-satī-vṛndena vandyehitāḥ | āraṇyā api mādhurī-parimala-vyākṣipta-lakṣmī-śriyas tās trailokya-vilakṣaṇā dadatu vaḥ kṛṣṇasya sakhyaḥ sukham ||18||

English translation

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For example: Though the exultation of their passion carried them beyond the path honored by respectable women, their deeds are worshiped by hosts of faithful wives headed by Arundhatī, whose hearts glow with lofty reverence. Though simple forest girls, the fragrance of their sweetness eclipses the splendor of Lakṣmī. May those companions of Kṛṣṇa, unique in the three worlds, bestow happiness upon you.

3.19

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कन्यकाश् च परोढाश् च परकीया द्विधा मताः । प्रच्छन्न-कामता ह्य् अत्र गोकुलेन्द्रस्य सौख्यदा ॥१९॥

kanyakāś ca paroḍhāś ca parakīyā dvidhā matāḥ | pracchanna-kāmatā hy atra gokulendrasya saukhyadā ||19||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Those who belong to another are understood in two divisions: unmarried maidens and women married to others. In this relationship, concealment of desire gives delight to the prince of Gokula.

3.20

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तथा हि रुद्रः (शृङ्गार-तिलके २.३०)- वामता दुर्लभत्वꣳ च स्त्रीणाꣳ या च निवारणा । तद् एव पञ्च-बाणस्य मन्ये परमम् आयुधम् ॥२०॥

tathā hi rudraḥ (śṛṅgāra-tilake 2.30)- vāmatā durlabhatvaṁ ca strīṇāṁ yā ca nivāraṇā | tad eva pañca-bāṇasya manye paramam āyudham ||20||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Thus Rudra says in Śṛṅgāra-tilaka 2.30: A woman's contrariness, her difficulty of attainment, and the restrictions placed upon her are, I believe, the five-arrowed god's supreme weapon.

3.21

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विष्णु-गुप्त-सꣳहितायाꣳ च- यत्र निषेध-विशेषः सुदुर्लभत्वꣳ च यन् मृगाक्षीणाम् । तत्रैव नागराणाꣳ निर्भरम् आसज्जते हृदयम् ॥२१॥

viṣṇu-gupta-saṁhitāyāṁ ca- yatra niṣedha-viśeṣaḥ sudurlabhatvaṁ ca yan mṛgākṣīṇām | tatraiva nāgarāṇāṁ nirbharam āsajjate hṛdayam ||21||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

And in Viṣṇugupta-saṁhitā: The hearts of refined lovers become most intensely attached precisely where a special prohibition exists and doe-eyed women are exceedingly difficult to attain.

3.22

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आः किꣳ वान्यद् यतस् तस्याम् इदम् एव महामुनिः । जगौ पारमहꣳस्याꣳ च सꣳहितायाꣳ स्वयꣳ शुकः ॥२२॥

āḥ kiṁ vānyad yatas tasyām idam eva mahāmuniḥ | jagau pāramahaṁsyāṁ ca saṁhitāyāṁ svayaṁ śukaḥ ||22||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Ah, what more need be said? It was about this very relationship that the great sage Śuka himself spoke in the scripture meant for the highest paramahaṁsas.

3.23

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यथा श्री-दशमे (१०.३३.१९)- कृत्वा तावन्तम् आत्मानꣳ यावतीर् गोपयोषितः । रेमे स भगवाꣳस् ताभिर् आत्मारामो’पि लीलया ॥२३॥

yathā śrī-daśame (10.33.19)- kṛtvā tāvantam ātmānaṁ yāvatīr gopayoṣitaḥ | reme sa bhagavāṁs tābhir ātmārāmo’pi līlayā ||23||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

As in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.33.19: Expanding himself into as many forms as there were cowherd women, the Supreme Lord sported with them in play, although he is fully satisfied within himself.

3.24

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वर्तितव्यꣳ शम् इच्छद्भिर् भक्तवन् न तु कृष्णवत् । इत्य् एवꣳ भक्ति-शास्त्राणाꣳ तात्पर्यस्य विनिर्णयः ॥२४॥

vartitavyaṁ śam icchadbhir bhaktavan na tu kṛṣṇavat | ity evaṁ bhakti-śāstrāṇāṁ tātparyasya vinirṇayaḥ ||24||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Those who desire spiritual peace should behave like Kṛṣṇa's devotees, not imitate Kṛṣṇa himself. This is the settled conclusion concerning the intended meaning of the scriptures on devotion.

3.25

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रामादिवद् वर्तितव्यꣳ न क्वचिद् रावणादिवत् । इत्य् एष मुक्ति-धर्मादि-पराणाꣳ नय ईर्यते ॥२५॥

rāmādivad vartitavyaṁ na kvacid rāvaṇādivat | ity eṣa mukti-dharmādi-parāṇāṁ naya īryate ||25||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

One should always conduct oneself like Rāma and never like Rāvaṇa. This is stated as the guiding principle for those devoted to liberation, dharma, and the other human aims.

3.26

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तथा च तत्रैव (१०.३३.३१, ३६)- नैतत् समाचरेज् जातु मनसापि ह्य् अनीश्वरः । विनश्यत्य् आचरन् मौढ्याद् यथारुद्रो’ब्धि-जꣳ विषम् ॥२६॥

tathā ca tatraiva (10.33.31, 36)- naitat samācarej jātu manasāpi hy anīśvaraḥ | vinaśyaty ācaran mauḍhyād yathārudro’bdhi-jaṁ viṣam ||26||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Thus it is said in the same work, Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.33.31: One who is not the Supreme Lord must never perform such an act, not even in the mind. If a person foolishly attempts it, he is destroyed, just as anyone other than Rudra would be destroyed by drinking the poison born from the ocean.

3.27

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अनुग्रहाय भक्तानाꣳ मानुषꣳ देहम् आश्रितः । भजते तादृशीः क्रीडा याः श्रुत्वा तत्-परो भवेत् ॥२७॥

anugrahāya bhaktānāṁ mānuṣaṁ deham āśritaḥ | bhajate tādṛśīḥ krīḍā yāḥ śrutvā tat-paro bhavet ||27||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

And Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.33.36: Assuming a human body to bestow grace upon his devotees, the Lord performs such pastimes so that a person who hears them may become wholly devoted to him.

3.28

Source

श्री-मुखेन तु माहात्म्यम् आसाꣳ प्राह स्वयꣳ हरिः ॥२८॥

śrī-mukhena tu māhātmyam āsāṁ prāha svayaṁ hariḥ ||28||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Hari himself, from his own auspicious mouth, proclaimed the greatness of these beloveds.

3.29

Source

यथा तत्रैव (१०.३२.२२)- न पारये’हꣳ निरवद्य-सꣳयुजाꣳ स्व-साधु-कृत्यꣳ विबुधायुषापि वः । याम् आभजन् दुर्जर-गेह-शृङ्खलाः सꣳवृश्च्य तद् वः प्रतियातु साधुना ॥२९॥

yathā tatraiva (10.32.22)- na pāraye’haṁ niravadya-saṁyujāṁ sva-sādhu-kṛtyaṁ vibudhāyuṣāpi vaḥ | yām ābhajan durjara-geha-śṛṅkhalāḥ saṁvṛścya tad vaḥ pratiyātu sādhunā ||29||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

As in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.32.22: I am unable to repay your spotless union with me and your virtuous service, even in the lifetime of the gods. You severed the nearly unbreakable chains of home to worship me. May your own goodness be the return for that deed.

3.30

Source

उद्धवो’पि जगौ सुष्ठु सर्व-भागवतोत्तमः ॥३०॥

uddhavo’pi jagau suṣṭhu sarva-bhāgavatottamaḥ ||30||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Uddhava, the foremost of all the Lord's devotees, also praised them most beautifully.

3.31

Source

यथा (भा.पु. १०.४७.६१)- आसाम् अहो चरण-रेणु-जुषाम् अहꣳ स्याꣳ वृन्दावने किम् अपि गुल्म-लतौषधीनाम् । या दुस्त्यजꣳ स्व-जनम् आर्य-पथꣳ च हित्वा भेजुर् मुकुन्द-पदवीꣳ श्रुतिभिर् विमृग्याम् ॥३१॥

yathā (bhā.pu. 10.47.61)- āsām aho caraṇa-reṇu-juṣām ahaṁ syāṁ vṛndāvane kim api gulma-latauṣadhīnām | yā dustyajaṁ sva-janam ārya-pathaṁ ca hitvā bhejur mukunda-padavīṁ śrutibhir vimṛgyām ||31||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

As in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.47.61: Ah, may I become some shrub, vine, or herb in Vṛndāvana that receives the dust of these women's feet. They abandoned relatives who are so difficult to leave and the path of respectable society, and followed Mukunda's path, which even the revealed scriptures seek.

3.32

Source

माया-कलित-तादृक्-स्त्री-शीलनेनानसूयभिः । न जातु व्रज-देवीनाꣳ पतिभिः सह सङ्गमः ॥३२॥

māyā-kalita-tādṛk-strī-śīlanenānasūyabhiḥ | na jātu vraja-devīnāṁ patibhiḥ saha saṅgamaḥ ||32||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Because Māyā fashioned corresponding women with the same apparent character, the faultless husbands of the goddesses of Vraja never at any time had union with the goddesses themselves.

3.33

Source

तथा हि श्री-दशमे (१०.३३.३७)- नासूयन् खलु कृष्णाय मोहितास् तस्य मायया । मन्यमानाः स्वपार्श्वस्थान् स्वान् स्वान् दारान् व्रजौकसः ॥३३॥

tathā hi śrī-daśame (10.33.37)- nāsūyan khalu kṛṣṇāya mohitās tasya māyayā | manyamānāḥ svapārśvasthān svān svān dārān vrajaukasaḥ ||33||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Thus Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.33.37 states: Deluded by Kṛṣṇa's māyā, the men of Vraja felt no jealousy toward him, for each thought that his own wife was standing beside him.

3.34

Source

तत्र कन्यकाः- अनूढाः कन्यकाः प्रोक्ताः स-लज्जाः पितृ-पालिताः । सखी-केलिषु विस्रब्धाः प्रायो मुग्धा-गुणान्विताः ॥३४॥

tatra kanyakāḥ- anūḍhāḥ kanyakāḥ proktāḥ sa-lajjāḥ pitṛ-pālitāḥ | sakhī-keliṣu visrabdhāḥ prāyo mugdhā-guṇānvitāḥ ||34||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Among these, the unmarried maidens: Girls who have not been married, are modest, and remain under their fathers' protection are called unmarried maidens. They are confident during play with their friends and generally possess the qualities of an innocent young heroine.

3.35

Source

तत्र दुर्गा-व्रत-पराः कन्या धन्यादयो मताः । हरिणा पूरिताभीष्टास् तेन तास् तस्य वल्लभाः ॥३५॥

tatra durgā-vrata-parāḥ kanyā dhanyādayo matāḥ | hariṇā pūritābhīṣṭās tena tās tasya vallabhāḥ ||35||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Dhanyā and the other maidens devoted to the vow of worshiping Durgā are included here. Hari fulfilled their cherished desire, and by doing so made them his beloveds.

3.36

Source

यथा- विस्रब्धा सखि धूलि-केलिषु पटा-सꣳवीत-वक्षः-स्थला बालासीति न वल्लवस् तव पिता जामातरꣳ मृग्यति । त्वꣳ तु भ्रान्त-विलोचनास् तम् अचिराद् आकर्ण्य वृन्दावने कूजन्तीꣳ शिखि-पिच्छ-मौलि-मुरलीꣳ सोत्कम्पम् आघूर्णसि ॥३६॥

yathā- visrabdhā sakhi dhūli-keliṣu paṭā-saṁvīta-vakṣaḥ-sthalā bālāsīti na vallavas tava pitā jāmātaraṁ mṛgyati | tvaṁ tu bhrānta-vilocanās tam acirād ākarṇya vṛndāvane kūjantīṁ śikhi-piccha-mauli-muralīṁ sotkampam āghūrṇasi ||36||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

For example: Friend, you play so freely in the dust with only a cloth covering your breast that your cowherd father still thinks you a child and does not seek a son-in-law. Yet when your wandering eyes hear in Vṛndāvana the cooing flute of the one crowned with peacock feathers, you tremble and reel.

3.37

Source

अथ परोढाः- गोपैर् व्यूढा अपि हरेः सदा सम्भोग-लालसाः । परोढा वल्लभास् तस्य व्रज-नार्यो’प्रसूतिकाः ॥३७॥

atha paroḍhāḥ- gopair vyūḍhā api hareḥ sadā sambhoga-lālasāḥ | paroḍhā vallabhās tasya vraja-nāryo’prasūtikāḥ ||37||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Now the women married to others: The women of Vraja who, although married to cowherd men, constantly long for union with Hari and have borne no children are his beloveds known as women married to others.

3.38

Source

यथा पद्यावल्याम् (३१२)- कात्यायनी-कुसुम-कामनया किम् अर्थꣳ कान्तार-कुक्षि-कुहरꣳ कुतुकाद् गतासि । पश्य स्तन-स्तवकयोस् तव कण्टकाङ्कꣳ गोपः सुकण्ठि बत पश्यसि जात-कोपः ॥३८॥

yathā padyāvalyām (312)- kātyāyanī-kusuma-kāmanayā kim arthaṁ kāntāra-kukṣi-kuharaṁ kutukād gatāsi | paśya stana-stavakayos tava kaṇṭakāṅkaṁ gopaḥ sukaṇṭhi bata paśyasi jāta-kopaḥ ||38||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

As in Padyāvalī 312: Why did you eagerly enter the hollow depths of the forest, supposedly desiring flowers for the worship of Kātyāyanī? Lovely-throated girl, look at the thorn marks upon the clusters of your breasts. Alas, just imagine the cowherd's anger when he sees them.

3.39

Source

एताः सर्वातिशायिन्यः शोभा-साद्गुण्य-वैभवैः । रमादिभ्यो’प्य् उरु-प्रेम-माधुर्य-भर-भूषिताः ॥३९॥

etāḥ sarvātiśāyinyaḥ śobhā-sādguṇya-vaibhavaiḥ | ramādibhyo’py uru-prema-mādhurya-bhara-bhūṣitāḥ ||39||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

In the splendor of their beauty and noble qualities, all these women surpass everyone. Adorned with an overwhelming abundance of love and sweetness, they excel even Lakṣmī and the other goddesses.

3.40

Source

तथा श्री-दशमे (१०.४७.६०)- नायꣳ श्रियो’ङ्ग उ नितान्त-रतेः प्रसादः स्वर्-योषिताꣳ नलिन-गन्ध-रुचाꣳ कुतो’न्याः । रासोत्सवे’स्य भुज-दण्ड-गृहीत-कण्ठ- लब्धाशिषाꣳ य उदगाद् व्रज-वल्लभीनाम् ॥४०॥

tathā śrī-daśame (10.47.60)- nāyaṁ śriyo’ṅga u nitānta-rateḥ prasādaḥ svar-yoṣitāṁ nalina-gandha-rucāṁ kuto’nyāḥ | rāsotsave’sya bhuja-daṇḍa-gṛhīta-kaṇṭha- labdhāśiṣāṁ ya udagād vraja-vallabhīnām ||40||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Thus Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.47.60 declares: My dear one, not even Śrī, though intensely devoted to the Lord's breast, nor the celestial women fragrant and radiant like lotuses, much less any other women, received the favor bestowed upon the beloveds of Vraja, whose necks his powerful arms embraced during the festival of the rāsa dance.

3.41

Source

तास् त्रिधा साधन-परा देव्यो नित्य-प्रियास् तथा ॥४१॥

tās tridhā sādhana-parā devyo nitya-priyās tathā ||41||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

These beloveds are of three kinds: those perfected through spiritual practice, goddesses who descend into Vraja, and the Lord's eternally dear companions.

3.42

Source

तत्र साधन-पराः- स्युर् यौथिक्यस् त्व् अयौथिक्य इति तत्रादिमा द्विधा ॥४२॥

tatra sādhana-parāḥ- syur yauthikyas tv ayauthikya iti tatrādimā dvidhā ||42||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Among these, those perfected through spiritual practice are divided into two classes: those who practice collectively in groups and those who practice individually.

3.43

Source

तत्र यौथिक्यः- यौथिक्यस् तत्र सꣳभूय गणशः साधने रताः । द्विविधास् तास् तु मुनयस् तथोपनिषदो मताः ॥४३॥

tatra yauthikyaḥ- yauthikyas tatra saṁbhūya gaṇaśaḥ sādhane ratāḥ | dvividhās tās tu munayas tathopaniṣado matāḥ ||43||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Those who practice collectively assemble in groups and devote themselves to spiritual discipline. They are understood in two divisions: the ancient sages and the personified Upaniṣads.

3.44

Source

तत्र मुनयः- गोपालोपासकाः पूर्वम् अप्राप्ताभीष्ट-सिद्धयः । चिराद् उद्बुद्ध-रतयो राम-सौन्दर्य-वीक्षया ॥४४॥

tatra munayaḥ- gopālopāsakāḥ pūrvam aprāptābhīṣṭa-siddhayaḥ | cirād udbuddha-ratayo rāma-saundarya-vīkṣayā ||44||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Among these, the sages: In a former time they worshiped the Lord as Gopāla but had not yet attained the fulfillment they desired. Their loving attraction had long remained dormant until they beheld the beauty of Rāma.

3.45

Source

मुनयस् तन्-निजाभीष्ट-सिद्धि-सम्पादने रताः । लब्ध-भावा व्रजे गोप्यो जाताः पाद्म इतीरितम् ॥४५॥

munayas tan-nijābhīṣṭa-siddhi-sampādane ratāḥ | labdha-bhāvā vraje gopyo jātāḥ pādma itīritam ||45||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Intent upon attaining the perfection of their own cherished desire, those sages acquired the required devotional disposition and were born as gopīs in Vraja. This is stated in the Padma Purāṇa.

3.46

Source

कथाप्य् अन्या किल बृहद्-वामने चेति विश्रुतिः । सिद्धिꣳ कतिचिद् एवासाꣳ रासारम्भे प्रपेदिरे । इति केचित् प्रभाषन्ते प्रकटार्थानुसारिणः ॥४६॥

kathāpy anyā kila bṛhad-vāmane ceti viśrutiḥ | siddhiṁ katicid evāsāṁ rāsārambhe prapedire | iti kecit prabhāṣante prakaṭārthānusāriṇaḥ ||46||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Another account is also reputed to occur in Bṛhad-vāmana Purāṇa. Some interpreters who follow the manifest narrative say that only certain members of this group attained perfection at the commencement of the rāsa dance.

3.47

Source

अथ उपनिषदः- समन्तात् सूक्ष्म-दर्शिन्यो महोपनिषदोऽखिलाः । गोपीनाꣳ वीक्ष्य सौभाग्यम् असमोर्ध्वꣳ सुविस्मिताः ॥४७॥

atha upaniṣadaḥ- samantāt sūkṣma-darśinyo mahopaniṣado'khilāḥ | gopīnāṁ vīkṣya saubhāgyam asamordhvaṁ suvismitāḥ ||47||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Now the personified Upaniṣads: All the great Upaniṣads, whose subtle vision reaches everywhere, saw the gopīs' incomparable and unsurpassed good fortune and became filled with wonder.

3.48

Source

तपाꣳसि श्रद्धया कृत्वा प्रेमाढ्या जज्ञिरे व्रजे । वल्लव्य इति पौराणी तथौपनिषदी प्रथा ॥४८॥

tapāṁsi śraddhayā kṛtvā premāḍhyā jajñire vraje | vallavya iti paurāṇī tathaupaniṣadī prathā ||48||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Performing austerities with faith and becoming rich in divine love, they took birth in Vraja as cowherd women. This account is celebrated both in the Purāṇas and in the Upaniṣads.

3.49

Source

अथ अयौथिक्यः- तद्-भाव-बद्ध-रागा ये जनास् ते साधने रताः । तद्-योग्यम् अनुरागौघꣳ प्राप्योत्कण्ठानुसारतः ॥४९॥

atha ayauthikyaḥ- tad-bhāva-baddha-rāgā ye janās te sādhane ratāḥ | tad-yogyam anurāgaughaṁ prāpyotkaṇṭhānusārataḥ ||49||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Now those who practice individually: These are persons whose passionate attraction is bound to the gopīs' devotional disposition and who engage in spiritual discipline. In accordance with the character of their longing, they attain the flood of loving attachment appropriate to that disposition.

3.50

Source

ता एकशोऽथवा द्वि-त्राः काले काले व्रजेऽभवन् । प्राचीनाश् च नवाश् च स्युर् अयौथिक्यस् ततो द्विधा ॥५०॥

tā ekaśo'thavā dvi-trāḥ kāle kāle vraje'bhavan | prācīnāś ca navāś ca syur ayauthikyas tato dvidhā ||50||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

One at a time, or in groups of two or three, they took birth in Vraja in different periods. The individual practitioners are therefore of two kinds: ancient and new.

3.51

Source

नित्य-प्रियाभिः सालोक्यꣳ प्राचीनाश् चिरम् आगताः । व्रजे जाता नवास् त्व् एता मर्त्यामर्त्यादि-योनितः ॥५१॥

nitya-priyābhiḥ sālokyaṁ prācīnāś ciram āgatāḥ | vraje jātā navās tv etā martyāmartyādi-yonitaḥ ||51||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

The ancient practitioners have long since attained residence in the same realm as the eternally beloved companions. The new practitioners take birth in Vraja after coming from mortal, celestial, and other forms of life.

3.52

Source

अथ देव्यः- देवेष्व् अꣳशेन जातस्य कृष्णस्य दिवि तुष्टये । नित्य-प्रियाणाम् अꣳशास् तु या याता देव-योनयः ॥५२॥

atha devyaḥ- deveṣv aṁśena jātasya kṛṣṇasya divi tuṣṭaye | nitya-priyāṇām aṁśās tu yā yātā deva-yonayaḥ ||52||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Now the goddesses: When Kṛṣṇa took partial birth among the gods, portions of his eternally beloved companions entered celestial forms in order to delight him in heaven.

3.53

Source

अत्र देवावतरणे जनित्वा गोप-कन्यकाः । ता अꣳशिनीनाम् एवासाꣳ प्रिय-सख्योऽभवन् व्रजे ॥५३॥

atra devāvataraṇe janitvā gopa-kanyakāḥ | tā aṁśinīnām evāsāṁ priya-sakhyo'bhavan vraje ||53||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

At the time when the gods descended to earth, these goddesses were born as cowherd maidens. In Vraja they became the dear companions of the eternal beloveds from whom they had expanded.

3.54

Source

अथ नित्य-प्रियाः- राधा-चन्द्रावली-मुख्याः प्रोक्ताः नित्य-प्रिया व्रजे । कृष्णवन् नित्य-सौन्दर्य-वैदग्ध्यादि-गुणाश्रयाः ॥५४॥

atha nitya-priyāḥ- rādhā-candrāvalī-mukhyāḥ proktāḥ nitya-priyā vraje | kṛṣṇavan nitya-saundarya-vaidagdhyādi-guṇāśrayāḥ ||54||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Now the eternally beloved companions: Rādhā, Candrāvalī, and the other principal beloveds of Vraja are called eternally dear. Like Kṛṣṇa himself, they are eternal abodes of beauty, refinement, and all similar qualities.

3.55

Source

तथा च ब्रह्म-सꣳहितायाꣳ (५.४८)- आनन्द-चिन्मय-रस-प्रतिभाविताभिस् ताभिर् य एव निज-रूपतया कलाभिः । गोलोक एव निवसत्य् अखिलात्म-भूतो गोविन्दम् आदि-पुरुषꣳ तम् अहꣳ भजामि ॥५५॥

tathā ca brahma-saṁhitāyāṁ (5.48)- ānanda-cinmaya-rasa-pratibhāvitābhis tābhir ya eva nija-rūpatayā kalābhiḥ | goloka eva nivasaty akhilātma-bhūto govindam ādi-puruṣaṁ tam ahaṁ bhajāmi ||55||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Thus Brahma-saṁhitā 5.48 declares: I worship Govinda, the primeval Lord and soul of all, who dwells in Goloka with those companions who are permeated by the conscious rasa of bliss and who, as his own forms, are expansions of his intrinsic potency.

3.56

Source

तत्र शास्त्र-सिद्धास् तु राधा चन्द्रावली तथा । विशाखा ललिता श्यामा पद्मा शैब्या च भद्रिका । तारा विचित्रा गोपाली धनिष्ठा पालिकादयः ॥५६॥

tatra śāstra-siddhās tu rādhā candrāvalī tathā | viśākhā lalitā śyāmā padmā śaibyā ca bhadrikā | tārā vicitrā gopālī dhaniṣṭhā pālikādayaḥ ||56||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Among them, those established by scripture are Rādhā, Candrāvalī, Viśākhā, Lalitā, Śyāmā, Padmā, Śaibyā, Bhadrikā, Tārā, Vicitrā, Gopālī, Dhaniṣṭhā, Pālikā, and others.

3.57

Source

चन्द्रावल्य् एव सोमाभा गान्धर्वा राधिकैव सा । अनुराधा तु ललिता नैतास् तेनोदिताः पृथक् ॥५७॥

candrāvaly eva somābhā gāndharvā rādhikaiva sā | anurādhā tu lalitā naitās tenoditāḥ pṛthak ||57||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Candrāvalī herself is also called Somābhā; Rādhikā herself is Gāndharvā; and Lalitā is Anurādhā. Therefore these names have not been listed as separate persons.

3.58

Source

लोक-प्रसिद्ध-नाम्न्यस् तु खञ्जनाक्षी मनोरमा । मङ्गला विमला लीला कृष्णा शारी विशारदा । तारावली चकोराक्षी शङ्करी कुङ्कुमादयः ॥५८॥

loka-prasiddha-nāmnyas tu khañjanākṣī manoramā | maṅgalā vimalā līlā kṛṣṇā śārī viśāradā | tārāvalī cakorākṣī śaṅkarī kuṅkumādayaḥ ||58||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Those whose names are widely known in the world include Khañjanākṣī, Manoramā, Maṅgalā, Vimalā, Līlā, Kṛṣṇā, Śārī, Viśāradā, Tārāvalī, Cakorākṣī, Śaṅkarī, Kuṅkumā, and others.

3.59

Source

इत्य् आदीनाꣳ तु शतशो यूथानि व्रज-सुभ्रुवाम् । लक्ष-सङ्ख्यास् तु कथिता यूथे यूथे वराङ्गनाः ॥५९॥

ity ādīnāṁ tu śataśo yūthāni vraja-subhruvām | lakṣa-saṅkhyās tu kathitā yūthe yūthe varāṅganāḥ ||59||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

The lovely-browed women of Vraja headed by these beloveds form hundreds of groups, and each group is said to contain one hundred thousand beautiful women.

3.60

Source

सर्वा यूथाधिपा एता राधाद्याः कुङ्कुमान्तिमाः । विशाखाꣳ ललिताꣳ पद्माꣳ शैब्याꣳ च प्रोह्य कीर्तिताः॥६०॥

sarvā yūthādhipā etā rādhādyāḥ kuṅkumāntimāḥ | viśākhāṁ lalitāṁ padmāṁ śaibyāṁ ca prohya kīrtitāḥ||60||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

All the beloveds listed from Rādhā through Kuṅkumā are described as leaders of groups, with the exceptions of Viśākhā, Lalitā, Padmā, and Śaibyā.

3.61

Source

किन्तु सौभाग्य-धौरेया अष्टौ राधादयो मताः । यूथाधिपात्वे’प्य् औचित्यꣳ दधाना ललितादयः । स्वेष्ट-राधादि-भावस्य लोभात् सख्य-रुचिꣳ दधुः ॥६१॥

kintu saubhāgya-dhaureyā aṣṭau rādhādayo matāḥ | yūthādhipātve’py aucityaṁ dadhānā lalitādayaḥ | sveṣṭa-rādhādi-bhāvasya lobhāt sakhya-ruciṁ dadhuḥ ||61||

English translation

Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority

Yet the eight headed by Rādhā are regarded as the foremost bearers of good fortune. Lalitā and the others, although fully qualified to lead groups of their own, developed a taste for friendship because they longed to share the devotional disposition of their chosen Rādhā and the other principal beloveds.