2.1
Sourceअथैतस्य सहायाः स्युः पञ्चधा चेटको विटः । विदूषकः पीठमर्दः प्रिय-नर्म-सखस् तथा ॥१॥
athaitasya sahāyāḥ syuḥ pañcadhā ceṭako viṭaḥ | vidūṣakaḥ pīṭhamardaḥ priya-narma-sakhas tathā ||1||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
The hero's assistants are of five kinds: the servant-messenger, the gallant companion, the jester, the close attendant, and the intimate companion in amorous joking.
2.2
Sourceनर्म-प्रयोगे नैपुण्यꣳ सदा गाढानुरागिता । देशकालज्ञता दाक्ष्यꣳ रुष्ट-गोपी-प्रसादनम् । निगूढ-मन्त्रतेत्य् आद्याः सहायानाꣳ गुणाः स्मृताः ॥२॥
narma-prayoge naipuṇyaṁ sadā gāḍhānurāgitā | deśakālajñatā dākṣyaṁ ruṣṭa-gopī-prasādanam | nigūḍha-mantratety ādyāḥ sahāyānāṁ guṇāḥ smṛtāḥ ||2||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Skill in the use of amorous jokes, constant deep affection, knowledge of the proper place and time, competence, the ability to appease an offended gopī, and secrecy in counsel are remembered among the assistants' qualities.
2.3
Sourceसन्धान-चतुरश् चेटो गूढ-कर्मा प्रगल्भ-धीः । स तु भङ्गुर-भृङ्गारादिकः प्रोक्तो’त्र गोकुले ॥३॥
sandhāna-caturaś ceṭo gūḍha-karmā pragalbha-dhīḥ | sa tu bhaṅgura-bhṛṅgārādikaḥ prokto’tra gokule ||3||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
The servant-messenger is clever at uniting the lovers, performs his work in secret, and possesses bold intelligence. In Gokula, Bhaṅgura, Bhṛṅgāra, and others are named in this role.
2.4
Sourceयथा- न पुनर् इदम् अपूर्वꣳ देवि कुत्रापि दृष्टꣳ शरदि यद् इयम् आरान् माधवी पुष्पिताभूत् । इति किल वृषभानोर् लम्भितासौ कुमारी व्रज-नव-युव-राज व्याजतः कुञ्ज-वीथिम् ॥४॥
yathā- na punar idam apūrvaṁ devi kutrāpi dṛṣṭaṁ śaradi yad iyam ārān mādhavī puṣpitābhūt | iti kila vṛṣabhānor lambhitāsau kumārī vraja-nava-yuva-rāja vyājataḥ kuñja-vīthim ||4||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
For example: ‘O lady, nowhere has such an unprecedented wonder ever been seen: this mādhavī vine has blossomed close by in autumn!’ O youthful prince of Vraja, by this pretext the daughter of Vṛṣabhānu was brought to the pathway of bowers.
2.5
Sourceअथ विटः- वेशोपचारकुशलो धूर्तो गोष्ठीविशारदः । कामतन्त्रकलावेदी विट इत्यभिधीयते । कडारो भारतीवन्धुरित्यादिर्विट ईरितः ॥५॥
atha viṭaḥ- veśopacārakuśalo dhūrto goṣṭhīviśāradaḥ | kāmatantrakalāvedī viṭa ityabhidhīyate | kaḍāro bhāratīvandhurityādirviṭa īritaḥ ||5||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Now the gallant companion: A shrewd man skilled in the refinements of dress and personal attendance, accomplished in conversation, and versed in the arts of the science of love is called a gallant companion. Kaḍāra, Bhāratībandhu, and others are identified in this role.
2.6
Sourceयथा- व्रजे सारङ्गाक्षी-विततिभिर् अनुल्लङ्घ्य-वचनः सखाहꣳ तद्-बन्धोश् चटुभिर् अभियाचे मुहुर् इदम् । कल-क्रीडद्-वꣳशी-स्थगित-जगती-यौवत-धृतिस् त्वया युक्तः श्यामे न खलु परिहर्तुꣳ सखि हरिः ॥६॥
yathā- vraje sāraṅgākṣī-vitatibhir anullaṅghya-vacanaḥ sakhāhaṁ tad-bandhoś caṭubhir abhiyāce muhur idam | kala-krīḍad-vaṁśī-sthagita-jagatī-yauvata-dhṛtis tvayā yuktaḥ śyāme na khalu parihartuṁ sakhi hariḥ ||6||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
For example: My words are not disobeyed by the hosts of doe-eyed girls in Vraja. I am the friend of that beloved, and with flattering words I repeatedly beg this of you on his behalf. O Śyāmā, dear friend, you should not reject Hari, whose sweetly playing flute has arrested the composure of all the young women in the world.
2.7
Sourceअथ विदूषकः- वसन्ताद्य्-अभिधो लोलो भोजने कलह-प्रियः । विकृताङ्ग-वचो-वेषैर् हास्य-करी विदूषकः । विदग्ध-माधवे ख्यातो यथासौ मधुमङ्गलः ॥७॥
atha vidūṣakaḥ- vasantādy-abhidho lolo bhojane kalaha-priyaḥ | vikṛtāṅga-vaco-veṣair hāsya-karī vidūṣakaḥ | vidagdha-mādhave khyāto yathāsau madhumaṅgalaḥ ||7||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Now the jester: Known by names such as Vasanta, he is fickle, greedy for food, and fond of quarrels. He provokes laughter through comically distorted gestures, speech, and dress. Madhumaṅgala, renowned in Vidagdha-mādhava, is an example.
2.8
Sourceयथा- तुष्टेन स्मित-पुष्प-वृष्टिर् अधुना सद्यस् त्वया मुच्यताम् आरूढः कुतुकी विमानम् अतुलꣳ माꣳ गोकुलाखण्डलः । इथꣳ देवि मनोरथेन रभसाद् अभ्यर्थ्यमानो’प्य् असौ यत् ते मानिनि नाधरः प्रयतते तन् नाद्भुतꣳ रागिषु ॥८॥
yathā- tuṣṭena smita-puṣpa-vṛṣṭir adhunā sadyas tvayā mucyatām ārūḍhaḥ kutukī vimānam atulaṁ māṁ gokulākhaṇḍalaḥ | ithaṁ devi manorathena rabhasād abhyarthyamāno’py asau yat te mānini nādharaḥ prayatate tan nādbhutaṁ rāgiṣu ||8||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
For example: Being pleased, let a shower of flowerlike smiles fall from you at once. The eager Indra of Gokula has mounted me as his unequalled celestial vehicle. O lady, although your own heart's desire thus entreats you with urgency, it is no wonder among impassioned lovers that your lip, proud girl, still makes no effort to smile.
2.9
Sourceयथा वा- ममोपहरति स्वयꣳ भवद्-अभीष्ट-देवो नमन् नवꣳ कमलम् उज्ज्वलꣳ कमल-बन्धुर् उत्कण्ठया । मया तु तद्-अवज्ञया भुवि निरस्यते रुष्यता न मानयसि मद्-वचस् तद् अपि मानिनि त्वꣳ कुतः ॥९॥
yathā vā- mamopaharati svayaṁ bhavad-abhīṣṭa-devo naman navaṁ kamalam ujjvalaṁ kamala-bandhur utkaṇṭhayā | mayā tu tad-avajñayā bhuvi nirasyate ruṣyatā na mānayasi mad-vacas tad api mānini tvaṁ kutaḥ ||9||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Or, for example: Bowing down with longing, the friend of the lotus, the deity you desire, personally offers me a fresh and radiant lotus. Angered by his disrespect, I cast it upon the ground. Even then, proud girl, why do you not honor my words?
2.10
Sourceअथ पीठमर्दः- गुणैर् नायक-कल्पो यः प्रेम्ना तत्रानुवृत्तिमान् । पीठमर्दः स कथितः श्रीदामा स्याद् यथा हरेः ॥१०॥
atha pīṭhamardaḥ- guṇair nāyaka-kalpo yaḥ premnā tatrānuvṛttimān | pīṭhamardaḥ sa kathitaḥ śrīdāmā syād yathā hareḥ ||10||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Now the close attendant: One who is nearly the hero's equal in qualities yet lovingly follows his lead is called a close attendant. Śrīdāmā in relation to Hari is an example.
2.11
Sourceयथा- कालिन्दी-पुलिने मुकुन्द-चरितꣳ विश्वस्य विस्मापनꣳ द्रष्टुꣳ गच्छति गोष्ठम् एव निखिलꣳ नैकात्र चन्द्रावली । ब्रूमस् तस्य सुहृत्तमाः स्वयम् अमी पथ्यꣳ च तथ्यꣳ च ते मा गोवर्धन-मल्ल घट्टय मुधा गोवर्धनोद्धारिणम् ॥११॥
yathā- kālindī-puline mukunda-caritaṁ viśvasya vismāpanaṁ draṣṭuṁ gacchati goṣṭham eva nikhilaṁ naikātra candrāvalī | brūmas tasya suhṛttamāḥ svayam amī pathyaṁ ca tathyaṁ ca te mā govardhana-malla ghaṭṭaya mudhā govardhanoddhāriṇam ||11||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
For example: All of Vraja, not Candrāvalī alone, is going to the bank of the Yamunā to behold Mukunda's deeds, which astonish the world. We ourselves are his dearest friends and tell you what is both beneficial and true: O wrestler of Govardhana, do not vainly challenge the lifter of Govardhana.
2.12
Sourceयथा वा- तवेयꣳ श्रीदामन् भणितिर् इह विश्रम्भयति माꣳ प्रसादो रुद्राण्याः किम् इव चपलासु प्रसरतु । वने यान्तीꣳ दुर्गार्चन-घुसृण-माल्याङ्कित-कराꣳ वधूꣳ दृष्ट्वा शङ्के प्रथयति कलङ्कꣳ खल-जनः ॥१२॥
yathā vā- taveyaṁ śrīdāman bhaṇitir iha viśrambhayati māṁ prasādo rudrāṇyāḥ kim iva capalāsu prasaratu | vane yāntīṁ durgārcana-ghusṛṇa-mālyāṅkita-karāṁ vadhūṁ dṛṣṭvā śaṅke prathayati kalaṅkaṁ khala-janaḥ ||12||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Or, for example: Śrīdāmā, your statement reassures me here. How could Rudrāṇī's favor extend to fickle young women? Yet when wicked people see a young bride walking into the forest with her hands marked by saffron and garlands for the worship of Durgā, I fear they will spread scandal.
2.13
Sourceअथ प्रिय-नर्म-सखः- आत्यन्तिक-रहस्य-ज्ञः सखी-भाव-समाश्रितः । सर्वेभ्यः प्रणयिभ्यो’सौ प्रिय-नर्म-सखो वरः । स गोकुले तु सुबलस् तथा स्याद् अर्जुनादयः ॥१३॥
atha priya-narma-sakhaḥ- ātyantika-rahasya-jñaḥ sakhī-bhāva-samāśritaḥ | sarvebhyaḥ praṇayibhyo’sau priya-narma-sakho varaḥ | sa gokule tu subalas tathā syād arjunādayaḥ ||13||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Now the intimate companion in amorous joking: He knows the most confidential secrets and takes shelter of the disposition of a female confidante. Of all the hero's loving companions, this intimate companion is the foremost. In Gokula, Subala, Arjuna, and others fill this role.
2.14
Sourceयथा- प्रत्यावर्तयति प्रसाद्य ललनाꣳ क्रीडा-कलि-प्रस्थिताꣳ शय्याꣳ कुञ्ज-गृहे करोत्य् अघ-भिदः कन्दर्प-लीलोचिताम् ॥ स्विन्नꣳ बीजयति प्रिया-हृदि परिस्रस्ताङ्गम् उच्चैर् अमुꣳ क्व श्रीमान् अधिकारिताꣳ न सुबलः सेवा-विधौ विन्दति ॥१४॥
yathā- pratyāvartayati prasādya lalanāṁ krīḍā-kali-prasthitāṁ śayyāṁ kuñja-gṛhe karoty agha-bhidaḥ kandarpa-līlocitām || svinnaṁ bījayati priyā-hṛdi parisrastāṅgam uccair amuṁ kva śrīmān adhikāritāṁ na subalaḥ sevā-vidhau vindati ||14||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
For example: He appeases and brings back the young beloved who has set out after a lovers' quarrel; in the bower-house he prepares for the enemy of Agha a bed suited to the sports of Love; and he vigorously fans him when, covered in perspiration, his limbs relax upon his beloved's breast. In what form of service does fortunate Subala not possess authority?
2.15
Sourceयथा वा- याभिः साचि-दृग्-अञ्चलेन चटुलꣳ कꣳसारिर् आलिह्यते दोर्-द्वन्द्वेन कुचोपपीडम् उरसि स्वैरꣳ परिष्वज्यते । एतस्याधर-सीधुर् उद्धुरतया सामोदमास्वाद्यते किꣳ जानासि सखे व्यधायि कतरद् गोपीभिर् आभिस् तपः ॥१५॥
yathā vā- yābhiḥ sāci-dṛg-añcalena caṭulaṁ kaṁsārir ālihyate dor-dvandvena kucopapīḍam urasi svairaṁ pariṣvajyate | etasyādhara-sīdhur uddhuratayā sāmodamāsvādyate kiṁ jānāsi sakhe vyadhāyi katarad gopībhir ābhis tapaḥ ||15||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Or, for example: With the restless corners of their sidelong eyes these gopīs lick the enemy of Kaṁsa; with both arms they freely embrace him against their breasts; and with joyful boldness they savor the wine of his lips. Friend, do you know what austerity these gopīs performed to gain such fortune?
2.16
Sourceचतुर्धाः सखायो’त्र चेटः किङ्कर ईर्यते । पीठमर्दस्य वीरादावपि साहाय्यकारिता ॥१६॥
caturdhāḥ sakhāyo’tra ceṭaḥ kiṅkara īryate | pīṭhamardasya vīrādāvapi sāhāyyakāritā ||16||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
The companions proper are fourfold here, for the servant-messenger is classed as a subordinate. The close attendant also provides assistance in the heroic rasa and other situations.
2.17
Sourceहरि-प्रिया-प्रकरणे वक्ष्यन्ते यास्तु दूतिकाः । अत्रापि ता यथा-योग्यꣳ विज्ञेया रस-वेदिभिः ॥१७॥
hari-priyā-prakaraṇe vakṣyante yāstu dūtikāḥ | atrāpi tā yathā-yogyaṁ vijñeyā rasa-vedibhiḥ ||17||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
The female messengers who will be described in the section on Hari's beloveds should also be understood by those who know rasa to serve here in whatever ways are appropriate.
2.18
Sourceतत्र स्वयꣳ, यथा- सखि माधव-दृग्-दूत्याः कर्मठता कार्मणे विचित्रास्ति । उपधा-शुद्धापि यया रुद्धा त्वम् चित्रितेवासि ॥१८॥
tatra svayaṁ, yathā- sakhi mādhava-dṛg-dūtyāḥ karmaṭhatā kārmaṇe vicitrāsti | upadhā-śuddhāpi yayā ruddhā tvam citritevāsi ||18||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Among these, the hero himself may act as messenger. For example: Friend, astonishing is the efficiency of Mādhava's glance when it serves as a messenger in the art of enchantment. Though you have proved pure under every test, that glance has arrested you and left you standing as motionless as a figure in a painting.
2.19
Sourceवꣳशी यथा श्री-ललित-माधवे (१.२४- गार्ग्य्-उक्तिः)- ह्रियम् अवगृह्य गृहेभ्यः कर्षति राधाꣳ वनाय या निपुणा । सा जयति निसृष्टार्था वर-वꣳशज-काकली दूती ॥१९॥
vaṁśī yathā śrī-lalita-mādhave (1.24- gārgy-uktiḥ)- hriyam avagṛhya gṛhebhyaḥ karṣati rādhāṁ vanāya yā nipuṇā | sā jayati nisṛṣṭārthā vara-vaṁśaja-kākalī dūtī ||19||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
The flute may act as messenger, as Gārgī says in Lalita-mādhava 1.24: Glory to that skilled messenger, the sweet call born from the finest bamboo, which bears an expressly entrusted message and, restraining Rādhā's modesty, draws her from her home into the forest.
2.20
Sourceआप्तदूती- वीरावृन्दादिरप्याप्तदूती कृष्णस्य कीर्तिता । वीरा प्रगल्भवचना वृन्दा चाटूक्तिपेशला ॥२०॥
āptadūtī- vīrāvṛndādirapyāptadūtī kṛṣṇasya kīrtitā | vīrā pragalbhavacanā vṛndā cāṭūktipeśalā ||20||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
The trusted female messenger: Vīrā, Vṛndā, and others are also celebrated as Kṛṣṇa's trusted messengers. Vīrā speaks boldly, while Vṛndā is graceful in flattering speech.
2.21
Sourceयथा- विमुखी मा भव गर्विणि मद्गिरि गिरिणा धृते न कृतरक्षम् । मूढे समुढ-वयसꣳ माधव-माधाव रागेण ॥२१॥
yathā- vimukhī mā bhava garviṇi madgiri giriṇā dhṛte na kṛtarakṣam | mūḍhe samuḍha-vayasaṁ mādhava-mādhāva rāgeṇa ||21||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
For example: Do not turn away from my words, proud girl. Foolish one, do not leave unprotected youthful Mādhava, who held up the mountain and is now overcome by the passion of spring.
2.22
Sourceयथा वा- वृन्दा सुन्दरि वन्दनꣳ विदधती यत् पृच्छति त्वाम् असौ चञ्चन्-मञ्जुल-खञ्जरीट-नयने तत्रोत्तरꣳ व्यञ्जय । केयꣳ भ्रू-भुजगी तवातिविषमा बम्भ्रम्यते यद् भिया क्लान्तः कालिय-मर्दनो’पि कुरुते नाद्य प्रवेशꣳ व्रजे ॥२२॥
yathā vā- vṛndā sundari vandanaṁ vidadhatī yat pṛcchati tvām asau cañcan-mañjula-khañjarīṭa-nayane tatrottaraṁ vyañjaya | keyaṁ bhrū-bhujagī tavātiviṣamā bambhramyate yad bhiyā klāntaḥ kāliya-mardano’pi kurute nādya praveśaṁ vraje ||22||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Or, for example: Beautiful girl with lovely, darting wagtail eyes, Vṛndā bows to you and asks a question; now reveal your answer to her. What is this exceedingly venomous serpent of your eyebrow that moves about so fiercely? Exhausted by fear of it, even the subduer of Kāliya will not enter Vraja today.
2.23
Sourceअस्यासाधारणा दूत्यो वीवाद्याः कथिता हरेः । लिङ्गिन्यन्तास् तु वक्ष्यन्ते यास् ताः साधारणा द्वयोः ॥२३॥
asyāsādhāraṇā dūtyo vīvādyāḥ kathitā hareḥ | liṅginyantās tu vakṣyante yās tāḥ sādhāraṇā dvayoḥ ||23||
English translation
Fresh editorial translation from the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-mūla-mātram authority
Vīrā and the others have been described as messengers belonging exclusively to Hari. The messengers ending with the female ascetic, who serve both lovers in common, will be described later.