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88

Verse 88 of 270

कृष्णः पक्षो नवकुवलयं कृष्णसरस्तमालो नीलाम्भोदास्तव रुचिपदं नामरूपैः च कृष्णः कृष्णे कस्मात्तव विमुखता मोहनश्याममूर्त्ते वित्युक्त्वा त्वां प्रहसितमुखीं किं नु पश्यामि राधे

kṛṣṇaḥ pakṣo nava-kuvalayaṁ kṛṣṇa-saras-tamālo nīlāmbhodās tava ruci-padaṁ nāma-rūpaiḥ ca kṛṣṇaḥ kṛṣṇe kasmāt-tava vimukhatā mohana-śyāma-mūrttē vityuktvā tvāṁ prahasita-mukhīṁ kiṁ nu paśyāmi rādhe

Plain rendering

O Rādhe, every blue thing in the world is dear to You, for each one wears His name or His colour or His form. The dark fortnight of the moon that carries His name, kṛṣṇa-pakṣa; the fresh blue night-lotus; the black antelope called kṛṣṇasāra; the dark tamāla tree; the blue rain-swollen cloud; the Yamunā whose other name is Kṛṣṇā, dark in name and in water: all of these You love. So tell me, why have You turned Your face from Mohana alone, the enchanting dark-bodied one whom You adore in all His shadows? Speaking thus to coax the smile back to Your lips, when, O Rādhe, shall I at last see Your face break open in laughter, Your māna gone?

Madhura-rasa in its playful crest: the sweet, causeless, sovereign sulk of praṇaya-māna, a serpent moulded of sugar-candy, ripening into the bud of a smile that ends it.

The inner meaning

Begin with a bower on the bank of the Yamunā, and a small command given in love. Today Svāminī is in Her self-possessed mood, the svādhīna-bhartṛkā mood in which She holds the reins, and She has sent Śyāma out to gather flowers so that He may dress and decorate Her with His own hands. He goes gladly, this dark wanderer of the groves, stooping for fresh kuvalaya blossoms, returning with His fingers full of blue. And He comes back to find the door of Her face closed. She has turned. Her shoulder is toward Him, the slope of Her back is a wall, and not a word will She give Him. He has done nothing. There is no quarrel He can name, no fault to confess, no apology that has an address. She is simply, beautifully, inexplicably displeased.

The tradition has a tender word for this. Causeless pique is not the cooling of love but its most exuberant flowering, the very showing-off of love's riches. Rūpa Gosvāmī fixes it in the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi, that "asya praṇaya eva syān mānasya padam uttamam": praṇaya is the highest stage of māna. And the learned draw the fine line: offended sulking that has a reason is the ripening, the culmination of praṇaya, while offended sulking with no reason at all is praṇaya parading its sovereign power, its vilāsa-vaibhava, dancing simply because it can. There is a crucial difference between the two. A quarrel with a cause can be coaxed away by the seven gentle means: by conciliation, by feigned antagonism, by exertion, by bowing down, by the giving of gifts, by studied indifference, by taking shelter in another mood until the storm passes. But a quarrel with no cause has no handle to grasp. It cannot be reasoned away. It must dissolve of its own sweet accord, the way a snake's track loses itself in the grass. For the same Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi sings, "aher iva gatiḥ premnaḥ svabhāva kuṭilā bhavet": the gait of love is crooked as a serpent's gait, and so love's offence may rise with a cause or with none at all.

Watch how it has gone before, in the bowerhouse by the river, the līlā Kṛṣṇa once confided to Viśākhā in the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi. The two of Them sat there, backs turned, each having vowed not to speak first, each suffering from a quarrel made of nothing, both worn thin by the useless silence. And He, unable to bear it, let His glance fall upon a round pomegranate fruit lying near. The smallest smile began to bud on Her face. Then He reached out and took up the fruit in His hand, and Her smile opened all the way. At once He laughed, "Priye, You smiled first, You broke Your vow first, You are defeated." And She answered, "No, You moved first, You reached for the fruit, You are defeated." This is the whole comedy of Their love: each one longing to lose, each one accusing the other of having surrendered first, because to be defeated by the Beloved is the only victory worth winning.

So today the maidservant comes near, this kiṅkarī who lives only to serve the union of the two, and Śyāmasundara begs her with His eyes: break this pique, bring Her back to Me. And the handmaiden, Śrīpāda in his kiṅkarī-form, who knows Svāminī's heart better than Svāminī will admit, kneels close and speaks the gentle, teasing argument of this verse. O Rādhe, she says, look at what You love. You who have turned Your face from Him, consider how the whole blue world is dear to You, and every blue thing is only His shadow cast across creation, His by name, by colour, by form, or by quality.

For there is the dark fortnight itself, kṛṣṇa-pakṣa, the waning half of the moon that carries His very name. The world prefers the bright fortnight, the swelling silver nights. But You love the dark one more. And how could You not? You are Rādhikā, His topmost worshipper, and it is in the moonless dark that You must slip out to meet Him, the black night drawing its veil around Your going. The dark fortnight is not only His namesake; it is Your accomplice, the easiest of all times to steal away to the tryst, the friend that hides Your feet on the path.

And there is the fresh kuvalaya, the blue night-lotus, soft and sweet and fragrant with exactly His softness, His loveliness, His sweetness, His fragrance, His hue. You tuck them at Your ears; You will not be without them; they are little blue images of Him resting against Your cheek. And there is the kṛṣṇasāra, the black antelope that shares His name and His dark coat, the deer whose very name can be heard to mean those who take Kṛṣṇa to be the quintessence of all things. How blessed they are, You think, these deer of the forest, who let everything fall the instant His flute begins, and run to Him with the hair standing up along their bodies in the thrill of love, free to draw near and gaze on His enchanting form. Even when the doe pours out her loving tears before Him like an oblation, her mate feels no jealousy at all; he is only glad that her tears have made Kṛṣṇa happy. What a love that envies nothing, that wants only His joy.

And there is the tamāla, the dark-trunked tree whose luster is the colour of His limbs. You have said it Yourself, O Rādhe, in the words the Caitanya-caritāmṛta keeps, "Kṛṣṇa āliṅgaṇa pāinu janama saphale; sei sukhe magna rahe vṛkṣa kori kole": I count My birth fulfilled when His arms close around Me, and when I wrap My own arms around a tamāla trunk I drown in that same bliss. And there is the rain-cloud, the nava-ambhodhara, fat and dark above the groves, the very tint of His body, so that when one drifts across the sky You ache, as the Vidagdha-Mādhava remembers, for a pair of wings to fly up and fold the storm to Your heart. And there is the Yamunā herself, whose other name is Kṛṣṇā, the two syllables kṛṣ-ṇa that You love to hear, her water dark-blue and deep, His double in name and in colour, so that You stand and stare at the blackish splendour of her flowing. Your sakhīs know all of this. They dress You in blue silk, they ring Your wrists with blue bangles, they line Your eyes dark, they touch You with musk, knowing You love to wear His colour against Your skin.

But ah, the strange crookedness of love. When the offence sits heavy upon Her with a real cause, then every blue thing becomes a wound, and the tradition remembers Her in that grief. How the single syllable "kā" strikes Her ear like a thunderbolt and She claps both palms over Her ears, crying out "Jaimini, Jaimini," the name of the sage who guards against the lightning-bolt. How She will not hear His attributes or His name though they are spoken, knowing His very form to be Her enemy, and will not even speak with His friends, so that the messenger despairs of how to bring Her near. How She pulls off the blue silk and the blue bangles and the sapphire at Her throat and changes into ivory and pearl and a red sārī. How She wipes away the musk-pictures drawn upon Her breasts, the musk-tilaka on Her brow, the blue eyeliner, and covers all with white sandal-paste; and the single drop of musk on Her lovely chin, which lies there like a sleeping blackbee, She paints over with the tip of a straw. How She raises an umbrella the moment She sees a cloud, and will not go to Her own sakhī Śyāmalā whose name remembers Him, and whitewashes the very tamāla trunks, and shrinks far from the peacocks whose feathers wear His crest. How, seeing a blackbee at the foot of a campaka tree, this fortunate girl trembles and Her eyes fill; how, catching the dark fleck of musk on Her own chin in a mirror, She takes Him for an enemy and smashes the glass to a hundred pieces. That is the anguish of a quarrel with a cause, when love and all its reminders are too much to bear.

But today there is no cause. Today is the lighter, brighter sulk, the play-sulk, the sovereign whim, and She sits averse to Kṛṣṇa alone while all His blue shadows are still dear. And so the handmaiden does not need to mourn; she needs only to tease. O Rādhe, she says, why so cold to Mohana alone, when all His reflections are so dear to You? And she chooses that name on purpose, Mohana, the Enchanter, to remind Svāminī of how helplessly enchanted She has always been by His sweetness and His beauty. Svāmini, how long can You hold out against the one who has already stolen Your whole heart? For these little quarrels are not damage. They are the freshening of love, the renovation of sweetness, the way rasamaya Govinda's tenderness for Her and Hers for Him are made new and deepened by the brief withholding. Rūpa Gosvāmī teaches it in the Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi, "snehas tūtkṛṣṭatāvāptyā mādhuryaṁ mānayan navam, yo dhārayaty adākṣiṇyaṁ sa māna iti kīrtyate": when sneha grows so rich it begins to show ever-fresh sweetness and a lovely crookedness, that crookedness is called māna. And far from being a flaw, it is the most desirable thing, a serpent moulded out of sugar-candy that carries no poison and tastes only sweet.

And it works. Hearing her handmaiden's coaxing, the smallest bud of a smile breaks on Śrī Rādhā's lips. The pique loosens. The wall of Her turned shoulder softens. And the maidservant, who asked for nothing but this, now stands at the threshold of the sweetest of all sights, free at last to relish the meeting of the divine Couple: the dark Beloved and His golden Love turning back toward each other, the silence ending, the laughter rising in the bower. O wind of Vṛndāvana, carry it. O Rādhe, smile, Your māna gone, and let us see it.

The two traditions

Both streams keep this verse as a jewel of the secret bower, yet each holds it with its own hands. The Gauḍīya reading, following the Ananta Dāsa Bābājī lineage, places it precisely within Rūpa Gosvāmī's grammar of love: this is causeless māna, praṇaya parading its own power, and the speaker is the kiṅkarī who serves the reunion, marshalling the whole blue world, the dark fortnight, the kuvalaya, the kṛṣṇasāra, the tamāla, the cloud, the Yamunā, as her tender argument until the bud of a smile breaks Svāminī's resolve. The Rādhāvallabha edition of Swami Śrī Hitdas ji gives the same scene the Hit Sampradāya's own breath, heading it frankly a व्यङ्ग रसवार्त्ता, a teasing rasa-talk in the mandākrāntā metre: it renders the same catalogue of blue things You love and the same single question, why turn from the dark Mohana alone, and then leans the whole verse upon the handmaiden's longing, her hope that after these coaxing words she may at last see Her prahasita-mukhī, vigata-mānā, Her smile returned and Her sulk departed. Where the Gauḍīya lens illumines the structure of the līlā, the māna and its crooked law, the Rādhāvallabha voice presses it into the servant's own ache to behold that smile.

For the seeker

Dear seeker, sit a moment with the picture this verse gives us, and notice where you are standing in it. You are not Kṛṣṇa, longing to be forgiven. You are not Rādhā, sovereign even in Her sulk. You are the handmaiden at the edge of the bower, the one who serves the love of the two and asks for no place in it except the place of service. That is the whole posture from which this scene may be safely entered. The kiṅkarī does not seize the smile from Svāminī's lips; she coaxes it gently, for the sake of the union, and her reward is only to witness. Let that be your heart's stance too.

For this is intimate ground, this play of māna and melting in the secret grove, and it must be approached as a servant approaches, not as a possessor. The sweetness here is real, but it is not ours to grasp; it is Theirs, and we are admitted only as those who long to wait upon it. To read of Their quarrel and Their reconciling and to want it for oneself, to clutch at the rasa, is to lose the very thing one reached for. But to read it and to ache only that They be reunited, to want Their joy the way the antelope's mate wants only Kṛṣṇa's happiness with no envy in him at all, this is the door. Serve the love; do not steal it. The handmaiden's empty hands are exactly what let her hold so much.

And take this home from the verse as well: love sometimes turns its face away for no reason you can name, and the answer is not argument but tenderness. When the heart sulks at the Lord, when devotion goes suddenly cold and the blue reminders that once delighted you become things you would rather not see, do not reason with it as though it had a cause. Sometimes it has none; it is only love showing the strange crookedness, crooked as a serpent's gait, that proves how deep it runs. Wait near it as the maidservant waits. Speak gently. Remember His name, Mohana, the Enchanter who has already taken your heart and will take it again. The smile will bud of its own accord, and the silence will end in laughter, and you, having served and not grabbed, will be there to see it.

Grounded in Gauḍīya commentary (Ananta Dāsa Bābājī lineage), with Prabodhānanda's bhāva; Rūpa Gosvāmī, Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi (Śṛṅgāra-bheda 46; Sthāyi 71; praṇaya-māna verses); Caitanya-caritāmṛta (Rādhā embracing the tamāla); Vidagdha-Mādhava (Rādhā longing for wings to embrace the cloud); Rādhāvallabha edition: Hindi bhāvānuvāda by Swami Śrī Hitdas ji, Hit Sāhitya Prakāśan.

Draft. Opened by the editorial council and grounded in the traditional commentaries, pending final review and a scholarly check of the Sanskrit text.