254
Verse 254 of 270
श्यामं श्यामेत्यॽमृत-रस-संस्रविणा वर्णान्जपन्ती प्रेमोत्कण्ठ्यात्क्षणमपि सरोमाञ्चमुचैर् लपन्ती सर्वत्रोच्छाटनमिव गता दुःख-दुःखेन परं काङ्क्षत्यह्नो दिनकरमलं क्रुध्यति पातु राधा
śyāmaṁ śyāmety amṛta-rasa-saṁsraviṇā varṇān japantī premotkaṇṭhyāt kṣaṇam api saromāñcam ucair lapantī sarvatrocchāṭanam iva gatā duḥkha-duḥkhena paraṁ kāṅkṣaty ahno dinakaram alaṁ krudhyati pātu rādhā
Plain rendering
May Rādhā protect us. Apart from Kṛṣṇa, She murmurs His name over and over, "Śyāma, Śyāma," and the two syllables pour nectar across Her tongue. Then in a single moment longing rises so high that She cries the name aloud and the hair lifts all over Her body. Nowhere can She rest; She is driven from every corner as if by a spell, passing the day in pain heaped on pain, begging the hours to end, even growing angry at the sun for refusing to set.
The mood is vipralambha-śṛṅgāra, the sweetness of love grown unbearable in separation, the whole long afternoon of a heart that can rest nowhere until the Beloved comes.
The inner meaning
The noon is past. Śrīmatī has come home from a morning of blissful love-sports with Her beloved, by Rādhā-kuṇḍa and Kusuma-sarovara and Sūrya-kuṇḍa, and now the fever of separation climbs in Her again, hotter for having so lately been quenched. Her sakhīs gather close and try to console Her, but their words do not land. To Her the in-laws' house has become a dark blind well, and Her own bashfulness, that veil She cannot lift, presses on Her like a thunderbolt. O Rādhe, what comfort can a roof give when the One who is the home of Your heart is walking somewhere out in the dust?
And so She does the one thing that helps even a little. She says His name. "Śyāma, Śyāma." The tradition lingers on these two small syllables: amṛta-rasa-saṁsrāvi varṇān, the letters that pour out nectar as She murmurs them, because the name is not other than the One She loves. When She says it softly, sweetness drips from it. And how much sweeter it sounds sung in Her own nectarean, love-laden voice; only Her maidservants, hidden close, can feel in their hearts of hearts what that voice does to the name. Then, in a single instant, premotkaṇṭhya, the upward surge of longing, takes Her, and She can no longer keep it low. She lifts the name aloud, uccair lapantī, and Her whole body answers: romāñca, the hair standing on end, goosebumps erupting on Her beautiful limbs as big as the buds of the kadamba flower. For as She sings Śyāma's name She is seeing Him within, every quality and form and pastime of Him rising before Her eyes, and the body cannot hold such seeing without trembling.
There is a sharp word here, and the old teachers draw it out tenderly. Sarvatra uccāṭanam iva gatā: She is, as it were, driven from everywhere. The tradition catches the exact force of it. Uccāṭana is the name of a cruel rite, a kind of black magic worked to rob an enemy of all rest, so that he cannot sit still even in his own house, hunted out of every room of his own life. Just so, says the tradition, does separation work upon Svāminī. Bitten by the snake of viraha, the venom of missing Kṛṣṇa in Her blood, She cannot find peace in any corner. She climbs to Her watchtower, the candra-śālikā; She goes out upon the balcony; She walks the terrace; She comes back and watches the road, eager, hoping that any moment now She will see Śyāma coming. The Rādhāvallabha stream names this very condition prema-vaicittya-daśā, the state of love-bewilderment, where the mind itself is uccāṭita from every side and the heart is left vihvalā, undone; and it hears in the verse the bhrama, the delusion of separation, that sends Her wandering with His name on Her lips.
Hear Her speak to Her friends, O wind that carries every word of the bowers. "O fair-faced ones, it is only a few hours before Śyāma walks past My house on His uttara-goṣṭha-yātrā, His curly locks framing that sweet smiling face, greyed by the dust the cows throw up with their hooves. How long, how long until then? These few hours will not end. They last like thousands of ages. Has the creator made the hours into a rod, that they should grind My heart to pulp afresh every single day?" So She passes the daylight, duḥkha-duḥkhena, in misery laid upon misery, wanting only that the day be over, until at last She turns Her wrath upward and is angry, vainly angry, at the sun itself, dinakaram alaṁ krudhyatī, because it hangs there and will not set and let the dark bring Him nearer.
The tradition sets a hush around this grief. No worldly sorrow, it says, comes anywhere near the sorrow of even one minute of Rādhikā's separation from Kṛṣṇa, and the door to this realization stays firmly shut to anyone who will not enter the mood of Her own sakhīs. And then, gathering all of it, the prayer rises. May that Rādhā, who thus counts out Her minutes in misery, protect us all. In the tradition it is Śrīpāda Prabodhānanda who kneels at the lotus feet of his Īśvarī and pleads it: may Gāndharvikā, my mistress Śrī Rādhikā, forever guard me. She who can find no shelter anywhere is asked to be our shelter; She whom the sun will not pity is begged to pity us.
The two traditions
Both wells of commentary meet over this verse and read it as one afternoon of Rādhā's separation: the name murmured and then cried aloud, the body thrilling into goosebumps, the restlessness no place can cure, the vain anger at the slow sun. The Gauḍīya reading, in the Ananta Dāsa Bābājī lineage, sets the full scene: the return from noontime love at the kuṇḍas, the house turned dark blind well, the watchtower and balcony and terrace walked in vain, the snake of viraha, the hours felt as ages, and the closing plea on the lips of Śrīpāda Prabodhānanda at his Īśvarī's feet. The Rādhāvallabha (Hit) stream, which we do hold for this verse, names the condition outright as prema-vaicittya-daśā, the state of love-bewilderment, marks the metre as Mandākrāntā, and dwells on the mind's uccāṭana from every side and on Rādhā as vihvalā, the One undone by love, keeping the gaze fixed on Her own feeling rather than on any gain to the devotee. Two streams, one beloved grief, the same Rādhā prayed to as protector.
For the seeker
Notice what She reaches for when nothing else will hold Her. Not a plan, not a distraction, not even Her friends' kind words, but the name, said again and again until it carries its own sweetness, until the two syllables become nectar in the mouth instead of a cry of complaint. That is the practice handed quietly to you here. When you cannot reach the One you love, take up the name and keep saying it, softly at first, and let longing, not boredom, lift it; let it slowly turn into food. And notice that Her restlessness is no weakness. It is love refusing to settle for anything less than the Beloved, love that will be hunted out of every comfortable corner before it will pretend to be content.
A safeguard belongs here, because this is the most intimate love there is, the love between Rādhā and Kṛṣṇa, and it was never handed to you to seize. You do not come to this afternoon of waiting to take the feeling for yourself or to slip into Her place. You come as a servant: to stand among the sakhīs who try, however helplessly, to console Her, to fan Her, to watch the road on Her behalf, to honor a longing immeasurably higher than your own. This rasa is to be served, not grabbed. Approach it the way you would approach something holy that was set above you, only to wait upon and never to clutch.
So let the prayer of the verse be your posture. She who is driven from every shelter is asked to be ours. Take refuge, then, not in your own intensity of feeling but in Her: ask the One who knows separation to the depth of Her being to keep you, and be content to remain at Her feet, counting yourself among Her attendants, asking nothing but to serve Her grief and Her name.
Grounded in Gauḍīya commentary (Ananta Dāsa Bābājī lineage); Rādhāvallabha (Hit) Hindi commentary.
Draft. Opened by the editorial council and grounded in the traditional commentaries, pending final review and a scholarly check of the Sanskrit text.