Sixteenth Sarga: Midday Pastimes

After a moment Rādhā and Kṛṣṇa regained consciousness, rose, and sat upon the bed. The sakhīs, who had awakened before Them, saw Them and approached together with two companions. (1)

Vṛndā also arrived, bringing her two young disciples, the learned śārikā and parrot named Kalokti and Mañjuvāk. (2)

The two birds bowed and recited, 'All glory to the Lord of Vṛndāvana! All glory to the Lady of Vṛndāvana! All glory to Their sakhīs! Please be gracious to us.' (3)

The wise Vṛndā understood the signal from Rādhā's eyes and ordered the male parrot, 'Recite.' The parrot began his recitation and delighted the assembly. (4)

'Although my poetry lacks virtues of its own and is not very sweet, saints will nevertheless relish it because it is joined with Acyuta's qualities. An iron knife from a hunter's house, when touched by a philosopher's stone, becomes gold fit to fashion ornaments for the great.' (5)

'May Śrī Kṛṣṇa's two feet be ever victorious, marked with auspicious emblems that reveal Him as the Supreme Person: a discus, crescent moon, barleycorn, octagon, pitcher, umbrella, triangle, cloth, bow, svastika, thunderbolt, calf's hoofprint, conch, fish, upward line, elephant goad, lotus, flag, and ripe rose-apple fruit.' (6)

'Heard of only once, Śrī Kṛṣṇa's two feet remove every other thirst. Meditated upon, they expertly destroy calamities and bestow true wealth. Seen, their beauty fills one with wonder and delights every sense. Touched, they dispel fatigue and grant repose. May those feet fulfill my longing.' (7)

'The lotus of Kṛṣṇa's feet is the dwelling place of all good fortune, beautiful taste, noble qualities, and both material and spiritual riches. Merely remembered, it bestows them all. May that lotus be our entire treasure.' (8)

'By obtaining but a fraction of the power gained through worshiping those feet, some stones became wish-fulfilling gems, some white cows became kāmadhenu cows, and some trees became desire trees that grant every creature's wish. Who would not take shelter of Śrī Kṛṣṇa's lotus feet, which give even themselves?' (9)

'The lotus of Giridhārī's foot perfumes the whole world with its fragrance and delights the connoisseur bees with its own nectar. What true rasika could ever desire to abandon it?' (10)

'I praise the exceedingly cool lotus of Kṛṣṇa's foot. It is filled with the honey of beauty, its row of toes forms its petals, swarms of young women's bee-like eyes drink from it, and the radiance of its nails forms its filaments. Waves of its fragrance perfume every direction.' (11)

'Hari's lotus foot surpasses red lotuses through its supreme qualities that delight all five senses, and it surpasses the tender shoots of desire trees through its generosity and other virtues. With what, then, can it be compared?' (12)

'At the Prayāga of Kṛṣṇa's foot, the pale effulgence of His nails is the Gaṅgā, the dark radiance above it is the daughter of the sun, Yamunā, and the stream of red rays below is Brahmā's daughter, Sarasvatī. This brilliant confluence of three rivers bestows every cherished desire.' (13)

'Unprecedented is the glory of the two feet of Kaṁsa's enemy. Darkness sought refuge beneath them only to meet its own destruction, yet, after being defeated and cast below in combat, it shines above them. Seeing this, the spotless moon fearfully multiplied its form and also took shelter there as the many moons of His nails.' (14)

Vṛndā then prompted the śārikā Kalokti with a glance. By describing Kṛṣṇa's lotus feet, the bird filled every connoisseur with their fragrance. (15)

'Burned by the fierce sun's rays, Aruṇa entered the cool shade of Kṛṣṇa's lotus feet, which became intensely red as his redness spread through them. That is the poets' fancy. My own view is that Rādhā's heart, deeply reddened by love for Kṛṣṇa, thought, "These feet alone are My dwelling place," and suffused them with its own splendor.' (16)

'I praise the lotus foot of lotus-eyed Kṛṣṇa. In the lotus hands of the lotus-eyed girls it is a play lotus; upon the golden pitchers of their breasts it is a tender aśoka shoot; and within the lakes of their hearts it is a red lotus.' (17)

'Cooler than the moon, blue lotus, sandalwood, camphor, and fragrant nalada, those radiant lotus feet yearn intensely to touch Rādhā's breasts. They are caressed by Her hands, anointed with Her beautiful kuṅkuma, exquisitely graceful, and the playground of swarms of beauty. May Śrī Kṛṣṇa's lotus feet be ours to massage forever.' (18)

At Rādhā's bidding, the parrot and śārikā filled the ears of the assembly with nectar and began describing the other limbs of Kṛṣṇa's body. (19)

'The two ankles of Bakāsura's enemy shine, exceedingly smooth, beautifully rounded, and overflowing with waves of loveliness. They resemble two blue-lotus buds half emerging from the waterfall of waves formed by the body of Kalinda's daughter, Yamunā.' (20)

'Murāri's two ankles are wondrous cups made of fresh tamāla leaves and filled with the blessed honey of beauty. The young women who lick them only once with the tips of their eye-tongues remain forever intoxicated and reel even from afar.' (21)

'I think the Creator concealed two perfectly ripe karamarda fruits above Pūtanā's enemy's beautiful lotus feet under the guise of His ankles, placing them there to nourish the two parrots of Śrī Rādhikā's eyes.' (22)

'Hari's beautiful pair of ankles, their sides pressed closely together, became a little ball for the ever-youthful maidens who are the loving functions of Rādhā's mind.' (23)

'These are not Hari's two shanks. They are two light iron bars formed from the essence of tamāla wood, weapons belonging to bodiless Love for destroying the formidable composure of Gokula's young women.' (24)

'The Creator made Hari's two shanks surpass pillars of emerald and plantain, appointed them the foundation pillars of the mansion of the worlds, and formed them into blue-jeweled tethering posts for the hearts of the young women. May that pair destroy our sins.' (25)

'Murāri's two extended shanks shine with waves of the nectar of beauty and end gracefully at His charming, tinkling anklets. They resemble two slender streams flowing from the Yamunā of His bodily radiance.' (26)

'Beholding each other's perfect beauty, Kṛṣṇa's two shanks became eager to meet. When Hari stood still to play His flute, they seized the opportunity and remained clasped together for a long time.' (27)

'Hari's captivating knees shine as two beautiful seats for the goddess of sweetness, two great joints upon the vine of loveliness, and two jewel boxes holding the ornaments of radiant beauty.' (28)

'Hari's wondrous and beautiful knee joints are two small caskets of great sapphire, within which fit the countless wish-fulfilling jewels of the hearts of all the cowherd women.' (29)

'Hari's two knees are strong when His legs extend, beautifully folded when His feet bend, well fleshed, and fondled by Śrī Rādhikā's beautiful hands. May that lovely pair bestow prosperity upon us.' (30)

'May Bakāsura's enemy's two thighs shine within our hearts. They are beautifully rounded, graceful, full and smooth, gradually tapering below, a dance stage for hosts of Love's finest dancers, and the abode of beauty's play.' (31)

'Are these two pillars of the cosmic hall fashioned from Indra's sapphires? Are they the two sacrificial posts in bodiless Love's rite? Are they twin tethering posts that bind the elephants of young women's hearts? No. They are Hari's two thighs.' (32)

'These are not Hari's thighs. They are two blue plantain trees growing downward from the lofty, dark-añjana ground of His splendid hips, abundantly nourishing the parrots of the young women's eyes with the fruits of their sweetness.' (33)

'Hari's two thighs are formed to shatter the accumulated pride of rows of plantain trunks, and their softness crushes the arrogance of a rutting elephant's trunk. Śrī Rādhikā's young-elephant hands serve them constantly. With what can poets compare them?' (34)

'Aghāsura's enemy's magnificent hips shine broad, full, and exquisitely formed, enchanting the noble cowherd women. They are the rāsa arena upon which billions of dancers in Love's company move.' (35)

'Kṛṣṇa's rounded waist shines as a dark sapphire sandbank supporting the tamāla tree of His radiant upper body, encircled by the swan of His girdle as it plays upon the waters of His beauty.' (36)

'This is not Kṛṣṇa's hip. To give comfort to the king of Rādhā's heart, who sits perpetually upon the throne of Kṛṣṇa's body, the Creator made a thick blue cushion there under the guise of His hip.' (37)

'I praise Hari's two beautiful flanks. They are ponds filled by a flood of the nectar of loveliness where the fish of the gopīs' eyes sport, and they are caves where the lion of Rādhikā's heart dwells.' (38)

'Below is the river of His horizontal waist line and above is the lake of His navel; between them, Aghāsura's enemy's lower abdomen is surely a sandbank. There the king of dancers in Śrī Rādhā's heart eternally performs the rāsa dance with the wondrous actresses who are Her own mental functions.' (39)

'Upon Acyuta's body the Creator fashioned, under the guises of His lower abdomen, line of fine hair, and navel, a drinking trough, an excellent rope, and a well of nectar so that the thirsty herds of gopīs and cows might drink.' (40)

'To refine the grain of the gopīs' minds by removing the husks of every other desire, the Creator made Kṛṣṇa's waist into a mortar of blue sapphire. May that waist shine within my heart.' (41)

'Is this truly Kṛṣṇa's waist? Or did the Creator give Love a ḍamaru drum, broad at front and back and slender in the middle, because Love was repeatedly distressed by worshiping and rivaling Umā's lord?' (42)

'Between Hari's chest and back, the Creator placed a new jihvāmūlīya character between two visarga-like forms under the guise of His middle.' (43)

'When the lions saw the perfect waist of Bakāsura's enemy, they feared that their own waists would earn disgrace. They therefore hid within the inaccessible caves of the mountain that fathered Durgā.' (44)

'Bakāsura's enemy's deep navel is a lake filled with the curling eddies and waves of a flood of beauty. The thirsty herd of elephants formed by the gopīs' hearts has sunk there and never rises again.' (45)

'Śrī Kṛṣṇa's body is a celestial tamāla tree whose lovely hollow of a navel is filled with the honey of beauty. Greedy swarms of the young women's bee-like eyes entered it and, immersed in its nectar, never emerged.' (46)

'From Viṣṇu's lotus foot arose the downward-flowing Gaṅgā praised by Bali. Out of rivalry with her, a dark river arose from Śauri's lotus navel, honored by His three folds, and flowed upward under the guise of His line of body hair. It sweeps away the worldly desires of those who behold it and awakens supreme love for Him.' (47)

'Hari's line of fine hair is a black serpent half emerged from the cave of His navel. Though exceedingly slender, day and night it swallows in a single mouthful the minds and life-airs of all who behold it.' (48)

'After drinking the honey of beauty from Murāri's navel-lotus, the swarm of young bees formed by the eyes of Vraja's maidens flew up and fell intoxicated upon the lotus leaf of His abdomen. They now lie there under the guise of His line of body hair.' (49)

'Govinda's abdomen surpasses the moving leaves of a blue-lotus bed and steals the garland of eyes belonging to all who behold its sweetness. Marked by the black serpent of His hairline, it shines with the splendor of victory over the three worlds.' (50)

'Bakāsura's enemy's abdomen resembles a fresh tamāla leaf anointed with musk, surpassing it in cooling fragrance and softness. Though the abdomen is slender, it makes every swarm of bee-like eyes grow full with delight.' (51)

'A stream of rasa appears to flow down from the beautiful lake of Hari's navel under the guise of the line of hair rising upon His chest. His abdomen has two slightly raised sides and a gently hollowed center. May it shine within my mind.' (52)

'Aghāsura's enemy's beautiful abdomen shines as an excellent pond filled with the nectar of loveliness. The swan of Rādhā's heart and the fish of Her eyes sport there perpetually; the tinkling cranes of His girdle sound upon its bank; His hairline is its moss; His three folds are its delicate ripples; and His beautiful navel is its lotus.' (53)

'Hari's two splendid sides are two foremost gallants, beautifully rounded, smooth, and soft, ever eager to touch their own beloveds, the two exquisite sides of Śrī Rādhikā.' (54)

'His left chest is occupied by Ramā in the form of a beautiful line; His right side shines with the lovely Śrīvatsa; the rays of the Kaustubha at His throat illuminate it; and the forest garland plays gracefully across it forever.' (55)

'Aghāsura's enemy's broad chest fulfills every yearning of the cowherd girls' hearts and is an emerald throne for King Rādhā's mind. Its sweetness captivates all the young women of the three worlds.' (55-56)

'I praise Kṛṣṇa's chest as the king of sacred confluences. There the Gaṅgā of His pearl necklace, the Yamunā of His fine line of hair, and the Sarasvatī of the Kaustubha's dancing radiance meet and bestow auspiciousness upon the people of all three worlds.' (57)

'Murāri's chest, overflowing with loveliness and suspended by radiant chains from the twin pillars of His arms, shines like a swing fashioned from victorious jewels, upon which the youthful Lord and Lady of Love sport without cease.' (58)

'I think Hari's chest became the place where the fowler Madana spread the net of beauty, furnished with the Śrīvatsa as its coiled cord and His nipples as its pegs, to capture the wagtail birds of the cowherd women's eyes.' (59)

'This is not Bakāsura's enemy's chest. It is the emerald door of a treasury filled with the jeweled hearts of Śrī Rādhikā and the other young women, its two sides studded with the beautiful discs called nipples and their small central pegs.' (60)

'Kṛṣṇa's two arms are beautiful shoots of a celestial tamāla desire tree, fulfilling every longing in the cowherd girls' hearts. They are also two bars of solid tamāla wood belonging to the hunter Love, with which he strikes down the rabbit of the virtuous women's pride in chastity.' (61)

'His arms are two great-sapphire pestles for pounding the rice grains of the cowherd women's hearts. They are the skillful bolts upon the little doors of Rādhā's innermost heart-dwelling, and the two bars of the cage that holds the parrot-hearts of Rādhā and the other girls.' (62)

'May Aghāsura's enemy's beautiful arms shine within my mind. They are full and long, perfectly rounded, overflowing with loveliness, and enchanting even to Padmā and all the women of the universe. They fulfill the heart's desires of every full-breasted girl.' (63)

'Have two intoxicated elephants named Sweetness and Love entered the forest of Śrī Hari's body, which blossoms with the honey of youth? Their trunks are His beautiful arms, their fine lotuses are His hands, and they endlessly graze upon the tender shoots of beauty at His knees.' (64)

'Under the guise of Śrī Kṛṣṇa's two arms, did the Creator fashion two wondrous emerald pillars, complete with the swing of His sweetness, to make the minds of Ramā and all other women sway?' (65)

'Poets say that Kṛṣṇa's arms are two emerald sacrificial posts in the magical rite King Love performs to destroy the gopīs' composure. My own view is that they are two pure streams flowing from the ocean of spotless loving rasa.' (66)

'Hari's two hands shine with their own auspicious marks, which reveal Him as the Supreme Person: a conch, crescent moon, barleycorn, goad, discus, mace, umbrella, flag, svastika, sacrificial post, lotus, sword, plow, bow, club, celestial tree, fish, arrow, and many nandyāvartas upon His fingers.' (67)

'Some say that although Śauri's hands are naturally soft, they are also hard as a sign of a great person. If that statement is not false, the cause must be their nightly massaging of the gopīs' breasts, hard as tortoise shells.' (68)

'The hands of Vraja's moon are the tender first shoots of a healing herb that removes Love's arrows from the hearts of Vraja's young women. They are also two fresh lotuses adorning the golden pitchers of Rādhikā's breasts, which overflow with rasa.' (69)

'If lotuses had possessed full-moonlike disks crowned by the pure, sharp points of Love's goads, if their rows of petals had pressed and joined one another at the rear, and if they had rested within blossoming dark lotuses, only then could poets have compared them to Hari's beautiful hands.' (70)

'Some say that Bakāsura's enemy's shoulders rise so high that they shame a bull's hump because He is the foremost of exalted persons. My view is that their height is simply the blossoming joy produced by their constant union with the lotus stems of Śrī Rādhikā's arms.' (71)

'I think Hari's two radiant, elevated shoulders are the heads of His two sides, raised upon outstretched necks in their perpetual eagerness to behold the sweetness of His throat adorned with the shining Kaustubha.' (72)

'I praise Hari's back, beloved by the eyes of the doe-eyed girls. Broad above and gradually tapering below, it is a sapphire throne for the sovereign Sweetness; its center is slightly hollowed from bearing a flood of loveliness.' (73)

'Mukunda's neck is thick at its base, gracefully slender above, and beautifully rounded. Its sweetness destroys the pride of a lion's neck, and it is a delightful couch for His splendid mass of hair.' (74)

'The blue-sapphire conch of Bakāsura's enemy's throat shines splendidly. The waves of its voice put cuckoos, flutes, and bees to shame; its three beautiful lines delight the eyes of everyone in the three worlds; and the Kaustubha, king of jewels, is adorned by its ever-fresh radiance.' (75)

'Hari's throat shines as an inexhaustible lake of playful nectar where the royal swan of the Kaustubha eternally sports. From that lake the celestial rivers of beauty, wit, poetry, and exquisite song flow in every direction.' (76)

'All glory to the lotus of Śrī Kṛṣṇa's face! His nose, jaw, lips, cheeks, chin, ears, and other features are its radiant petals; His beautiful teeth are its filaments; His smile is its shining honey and fragrance; His two eyes are wagtails; His brows are circling female bees; and His wondrous tongue is its pericarp.' (77)

'Did the spotless full moon of Aghāsura's enemy's face become pure by depositing its own blemish among the gopīs? That is merely a bad poet's claim. Hear my view: naturally immaculate, His face makes everyone who takes shelter of it as pure as itself.' (78)

'If the Creator had removed the full moon's blemish and placed within it a bandhūka flower, two mirrors, a row of fine kunda buds, two dancing wagtails, a half moon, a sesame flower, Love's bow, and a restless swarm of bees, only then could the greatest poets have compared it to Śrī Kṛṣṇa's face.' (79)

'In childhood, as His mother caressed Him with her fingers, the touch of her thumb made the center of His chin slightly hollow, while the two fingers below raised it and left its tip gently elevated. Its beauty is immeasurable.' (80)

'Śrī Hari's beautiful chin shines captivatingly, overflowing with a flood of loveliness and putting to shame the petal of a blue lotus blossomed by the light of the rising moon.' (81)

'Śrī Hari's two jaws extend slightly from the roots of His ears to His chin and are perfectly formed to support the broad disk of His face. They shine as a net of sweetness that draws in the bird-like eyes of all people.' (82)

'The marvelous form and softness of His ears surpass even the ear-shaped śaṣkulī pastry, and their intricate complete structure defeats the beauty of a lotus. His radiant circular makara earrings cast a net of light that swallows the eyes and minds of all the worlds.' (83)

'Their openings are slightly elongated by the weight of His beautiful ear ornaments. His ears are Love's net for the fish-like eyes of all the women in the universe, a snare for the deer of the gopīs' minds, and a noose binding the wagtail birds of Śrī Rādhikā's eyes.' (84)

'May Mādhava's two ears shine within my heart. Their interiors are red, their form graceful and symmetrical, and they eagerly drink the ambrosial elixir of Gāndharvikā's joking, proud rebukes and charmingly faltering words.' (85)

'Kṛṣṇa's two cheeks are round as the full moon and nourished by showers of the nectarean elixir of Rādhā's lips. They are the dancing stages of His makara earrings and shine so splendidly that they destroy the pride of sapphire mirrors.' (86)

'The two corners of His mouth are like beautiful whirlpool hollows in a river overflowing with the nectar of sweetness. Bathed in the spreading rays of His lovely teeth, His lips shine more brilliantly than fresh leaves washed in milk.' (87)

'The upper lip is slightly hollowed where His breath emerges, while its center swells gently with a radiance that surpasses the bandhūka flower. Along the meeting place of His dark and reddish complexions, its charming border extends in a subtly raised line.' (88)

'His lower lip is lovelier than a bimba fruit and bears a delicate line at its center. By nature it removes every other attachment from those who behold it. The long, subtle tones of His lovely flute, perpetually perfumed by its nectar, draw the hearts of the whole world.' (89)

'Śrī Kṛṣṇa's lower lip is the jewel casket holding all the wealth of Vraja's beauties and the cup of life-giving nectar belonging to Vṛṣabhānu's daughter. Marked by the lovely impressions of Her shining teeth, may that lip dwell forever in my heart.' (90)

'His teeth shame clusters of fine kunda buds with their perfect shape. Even a particle of their radiance shatters the proud beauty of the finest diamonds and pearls. Upon the bimba fruit of His lip, they resemble the parrots of the contrary-browed girls.' (91)

'The fortunate remember Mukunda's beautiful teeth as naturally ripe, lovely pomegranate seeds, reddened by constantly tasting His beloved's lips. They are Love's sharp chisels, eager to split the red jewel of His beloved's lower lip.' (91-92)

'May the moonlight of the smile upon the moon-face of the gopīs' beloved be victorious. It destroys the darkness in His lovers' minds, swells the ocean of Śrī Rādhikā's love, and sprinkles every world with droplets of its grace.' (93)

'I remember the honey of Kṛṣṇa's smile within the lotus of His face. Its enchanting fragrance captivates Padmā and all other celestial women, the bee-like eyes of the cowherd girls drink it, and it pours sweetness into the sound of His flute.' (94)

'Hari's tongue is the birthplace of jewel-like poetry rich in many rasas and is expert in ceaselessly tasting the six kinds of flavor. Though it gives every rasa to the universe, it became a true connoisseur only by tasting the nectar of Rādhā's lips.' (95)

'May Hari's nectarean speech be victorious. Within it are the ghee of love, the finest honey of His smile, and the sugarcane juice of wit. Its radiant fragrance arises from rasa and other meanings suggested by the powers of both word and sense. It cools the cowherd girls from the sunlike heat of Love, satisfies the entire universe, and humbles the pride of the ocean of nectar.' (96)

'The lofty peak of Aghāsura's enemy's beautiful nose shines like a sesame flower fashioned from a downward-facing sapphire, or like a special sapphire arrow of Love. Its brilliance puts to shame a parrot's beak carved from blue stone.' (97)

'The pupils of His restless eyes resemble moving sapphire spheres set within round moonstones. His eyes expertly shatter the proud beauty of fully opened white lotuses within which black bees wander.' (98)

'Restless and tinged with red at their corners, white all around, and dark at their centers, those eyes are two beautifully painted spheres formed by the artistry and compassion of the glorious Creator.' (99)

'From every side His eyes exultantly inundate the whole universe with torrential nectar-rains containing the essence of all beauty, with cascades of nectar formed from condensed compassion, and with a flood of nectar bearing the manifold emotions of Love.' (100)

'May Hari's two eyes shine forever within my heart. They are exceedingly long and broad, smooth and beautifully red, and charming with glossy, thick, full, restless lashes. Heavy with the reeling intoxication of youth's essence, they move languidly.' (101)

'Aghāsura's enemy's sidelong glances shine as Love's sharp, hard arrows, expert at piercing the firm armor of virtuous women's fidelity. Yet they are also supremely generous benefactors, fulfilling every desire of the destitute multitudes who can scarcely obtain them even in dreams.' (102)

'Murāri's curved eyebrow vine pierces the restless deer of all young women's minds with its own dancing arrows and makes them reel. Though crooked, its fame reduces Kandarpa's flower-quiver to the worth of a blade of grass.' (103)

'Did Kāliya give his daughter to Hari, who modestly placed her upon His brow, where she assumed the form of His eyebrow? Serpentine with jealousy toward her co-wives, she makes the hearts of Vraja's young women faint as soon as they see her.' (104)

'I praise Hari's forehead, beautifully flanked by eyebrow vines and curling locks, resembling the moon of Kṛṣṇa's eighth lunar day and decorated with mineral pigments. Its lovely saffron tilaka is Love's device for capturing the deer of Rādhā's mind.' (105)

'The graceful garland of bee-like curls shining above the splendid forehead of the cowherd girls' beloved became the fisherman Love's net for capturing the fish of the young women's eyes.' (106)

'His abundant hair is admirably long, glossy enough to shame black bees, fine, tightly curling, and exceedingly thick. Its fragrance combines musk and white lotus, and its lovely beauty resembles the splendid black yak-tail banner of Love.' (107)

'Keśava's mass of hair is charming in each of its various arrangements: topknot, two side sections, half knot, full knot, braid, and the other styles appropriate to different times. It captures the deer-like Rādhikā, whose beauty is nectar, within Her heart. May that hair shine in our hearts as well.' (108)

'Śauri's limbs are boundless oceans of the nectar of sweetness, the ornaments of all the many ornaments upon His body, and an inexhaustible feast for the eyes of the world. Even a thousand mouths could not describe them.' (109)

Having spoken thus, the lordly parrot and the śārikā fell silent, their throats choked with emotion. The assembly remained motionless for a moment, their hearts immersed in the ocean of nectar formed by the birds' words. (110)

Thus ends the Sixteenth Sarga, following the midday pastimes, in Govinda-līlāmṛta, a poem born from serving Śrī Rūpa, the honeybee at Śrī Caitanya's lotus feet; revealed through the merit of Śrī Raghunātha Dāsa; arisen in the association of Śrī Jīva; and composed by the excellent Śrī Raghunātha Bhaṭṭa. (16)