राम
Shri Bhuvansinghji Chauhan

श्रीभुवनसिंहजी

Shri Bhuvansinghji Chauhan

From the Bhaktamal of Nabhadas, with Priyadas' Commentary

Nabhadas’ Doha (228)

Chauhan is a particular Kshatriya lineage. He received two lakh rupees annually from the Rana, for which he held a land grant. Bhaktaji performed sadhu-seva with great longing. One day the Rana went out for mrigaya (hunting). All the royal servants and feudatory chief Bhuvansinghji accompanied him. By the turn of fate, chasing a mrigini (doe), he spurred his horse and cut her in two with his sword. She was pregnant. Seeing this, deep daya (compassion) and glani (remorse) overcame the bhakta, and he began to repent in his heart: "Alas! Why did I kill her?"

“चौहान'न्‍्च्षत्रिय जातिविशेष । २ “युगलाख' दो लाख, २१००००० | “भिकार ्शिकार, सूगया, आखेट ॥ हु ३२ श्रीमकरमाल सटीक | शना के यहाँ से दो लाख रुपये वाषिक पाते थे, इसके लिये भूमि का

The hoofbeats had barely settled when Bhuvansinghji understood what his sword had just done. The Rana of Mewar had ridden out that morning for mrigaya, the royal hunt, and his whole retinue had gone with him: household guards, feudal lords, and among them this Chauhan nobleman who held a jagir worth two lakh rupees a year from the crown, land granted precisely because a Rajput of his standing was expected to ride at the king's side and fight when called. A doe broke from the scrub. Bhuvansinghji spurred his horse after her, as any samant on a royal hunt would, closed the distance, and brought his blade down. The stroke cut clean. It was only when he reined in and looked down at what lay in the dust that the ground seemed to open under him: the doe had been carrying young, and both mother and the unborn fawn had died on the same stroke of steel.

Something in Bhuvansinghji broke open at that sight that no sermon had ever touched. He was a man well known among wandering sadhus for his open hand, the kind of Rajput lord who fed and sheltered holy men with real longing, so that people in his own court called him Bhagatji, a devotee, with real affection. Looking now at the two bodies in the grass, that title turned to ash in his mouth. "Everyone calls me a bhakta," he said to himself, "and here I do the work of a man with no god in him at all." The daya, the compassion, and the glani, the raw shame, that rose in him were not the passing sorrow of a hunter who has had a bad day. They were the kind of grief that reorganizes a life.

He made a decision on the spot and he kept it: from that day he would carry no sword capable of taking a life. He had a kripan carved out of wood, shaped and fitted to look, in scabbard and hilt, exactly like the steel he had always worn, and he began wearing it in place of his real blade. Nothing in his bearing changed. He rode with the Rana's men, stood in the king's assemblies, wore his colors and his rank as before. Only he knew that the weapon at his hip could no longer cut so much as a blade of grass. It was a private penance, offered to no one, explained to no one, and he was, the old chroniclers note, a devotee of Sitaram at heart, so the vow was not performance but prayer worn on the body.

Secrets kept inside a court rarely stay secrets for long, and this one was found out by a kinsman of his own Chauhan house, someone close enough to glimpse the blade or catch wind of the truth. What he saw, he could not sit on. He went to the Rana and told him plainly that Bhuvansinghji's sword was not steel at all, but timber dressed up to look like a warrior's weapon. It was not a small accusation. A samant held his land precisely in exchange for being armed and ready in the king's service; to carry a false blade while drawing a real grant could be read as fraud on the crown itself, even something close to treason dressed as forgetfulness.

The Rana did not believe it, not at first, and not for a long while after that. Whatever he saw when he looked at Bhuvansinghji, it was not the face of a man deceiving his king; it looked, if anything, like the plain radiance of a man devoted to something larger than court politics. But the kinsman would not let the matter drop. For a full year he kept bringing the accusation back, swearing it on oath after oath, until finally he staked everything on it: if the sword proved to be steel after all, he said, let the king kill him for the lie.

That was enough to force the Rana's hand. He arranged a gathering by a garden pool, called his samants together, fed them, and turned the occasion into a quiet trial disguised as a court gosthi. One by one he had his lords draw their kripans from their sheaths so the whole assembly could see the blades catch the light. The circle of drawn steel moved slowly down the gathering, sword after sword flashing and being sheathed again, until it reached Bhuvansinghji.

He closed his hand around the hilt of the sword he alone knew was made of dead wood, and in his heart, in the same breath, he turned to the God he had been quietly serving for a year without telling a soul. He opened his mouth meaning to say the plain, damning truth, that his khadag was only daru, only timber. What came out of his mouth instead, without his willing it, was sar: true steel, the real thing. And as he drew the blade clear of its scabbard it did not show the dull grain of wood at all. It flashed across the gathering like lightning, so bright that men said afterward it had dazzled their eyes.

The Rana, seeing that flash and hearing that word, turned on the very man who had staked his life on being right. Certain now that he had been fed a slander for an entire year, he ordered his guards to kill the accuser on the spot, calling him a liar and a burden the earth would be better without.

It was here that the story turns from miracle to something rarer still. Bhuvansinghji, who by every right had just been publicly vindicated against a man who had spent a year trying to destroy him, did not let the moment pass in triumph. He folded his hands before the Rana and begged for the accuser's life, and then he did something no strategy would have advised: he told the whole truth. He confessed the doe in the dust and the fawn that died with her, the vow he had made that same day never again to carry a blade that could kill, the wooden kripan he had worn hidden at his side ever since. "He has not lied to you, Maharaj," he said, in effect. "My sword was daru, exactly as he said. But the Lord who is tender toward His own has made daru into sar tonight, only to keep faith with a vow He alone knew I had made, and to keep me alive to keep it."

The Rana's fury dissolved into something closer to awe. He spared the kinsman's life. He did not merely restore Bhuvansinghji's standing; he doubled his grant to four lakh rupees a year, and then went further, releasing him from the ordinary duty of attending court and bowing before the throne. From now on, the Rana told him, it would be the king who came to the nobleman's house, not the other way around, because to receive darshan of such a bhakta was itself a way of crossing the bhavsagar, the ocean of worldly bondage, that no amount of royal power could cross alone.

Beyond what Nabhadas set down in a single terse doha around 1585 and what Priyadas unfolded at greater length in his 1712 commentary, later carried forward in Sitaramsharan Bhagwanprasad Rupkala's own Hindi tilak, nothing further can be said with certainty about Bhuvansinghji Chauhan. No independent chronicle, inscription, or Mewar genealogy has surfaced to confirm which Rana he served or exactly when he lived, only the text's own hint that he belonged to what it calls the bhaktas of the present age, men remembered not because history recorded their names in stone but because a devotional community chose to keep them. What survives of him is small and strange and complete in itself: a Rajput warrior who, having killed by accident what he loved, chose to go on wearing the shape of a soldier while carrying, next to his own heart, a sword that could no longer hurt anyone, until the God he served in secret decided, for one flashing moment in front of an entire royal court, to make that wood real.

Teachings

The Sankalpa That Changes Everything

On a hillside, after his sword had felled a pregnant doe, Bhuvansinghji did not perform a rite or announce a vow to anyone. He simply stood still, felt the full weight of what had happened, and made a silent resolution: from today, he would carry a sword of wood. This is what the Bhaktamal calls a sankalpa. Not a declaration. Not a ceremony. An inward resolve so complete that the Lord receives it the moment it is formed. The text teaches that bhakti is not measured by public gestures. The real transformation always happens in a private moment of daya (compassion) and glani (remorse), when a sincere heart turns and will not turn back.

Bhaktamal, Tikka on verse 228, Priyadas

Carrying a Wooden Sword: Ahimsa Within the World

Bhuvansinghji did not abandon his duties as a samant (feudatory chief). He continued to serve the Rana, ride in processions, and stand in the court armed as a Kshatriya. What changed was invisible: his kripan (sword) was now kath ki kripan, carved from wood. He found a way to remain fully in the world while removing its capacity for harm from his hands. This is the Bhaktamal's portrait of a grihastha-bhakta, a devotee who lives among worldly obligations. The spiritual life does not always require renunciation of one's place. It requires the willingness to quietly remake what one's place demands of the soul.

Bhaktamal, Verse 228 (Mool)

When Prabhu Replaces the Word

When the Rana demanded that each warrior display his sword, Bhuvansinghji prepared to speak the truth plainly: "My sword is daru, wood." At that exact moment, Bhaktavatsala Prabhu, the Lord who is tender toward His bhaktas, replaced the word daru with sara (iron) in his mouth. The wooden blade blazed like lightning in the sunlight. The tikka explains this miracle precisely: the Lord does not honor the blade in a bhakta's hand. He honors the sankalpa already made in the bhakta's heart. The transformation had occurred months earlier on a dusty hillside. The Lord simply waited for the right moment to make visible what was already real.

Bhaktamal, Tikka on verse 228, Priyadas

Saving the One Who Sought to Destroy You

When the Rana, furious at the informer who had exposed the wooden sword, ordered his death, Bhuvansinghji folded his hands and spoke in the man's defense. He said: do not kill him. He told you what was true. My sword was indeed wood. He named his own past act of killing and explained the vow it had produced. He protected the accuser not because the man deserved it but because a heart shaped by Ram bhakti does not keep accounts of injury. The tikka presents this as the second and more revealing miracle of the episode. The blazing sword showed Prabhu's power. The folded hands showed the bhakta's character: daya, compassion, extended even toward an enemy.

Bhaktamal, Tikka on verse 228, Priyadas

Sadhu-Seva as the Foundation

Before the hunt, before the wooden sword, before the miracle, the Bhaktamal establishes one fact about Bhuvansinghji: he performed sadhu-seva with great longing. He welcomed sadhus into his home, sat at their feet, and served them with an eagerness that no material prosperity had been able to touch. The text uses the word abhilasha (intense longing) for this service. The Bhaktamal tradition consistently presents sadhu-seva as the soil in which all other bhakti virtues grow. It was this prior orientation toward the holy that made Bhuvansinghji's heart capable of receiving the shock of daya on that hillside. Proximity to the sadhus had already softened what his warrior training had hardened.

Bhaktamal, Verse 228 (Mool)

Hindi text from OCR scan (Khemraj Shrikrishnadas Prakashan, CC0). May contain errors.

Source: Shri Bhakta Mal, Priyadas Ji (CC0 1.0 Universal)
Mool: Nabhadas (c. 1585) · Tika: Priyadas (1712)